Abstract: Extruded vegetable-based food products and methods for their manufacture are described herein. In some variations, the extruded vegetable-based food products provide healthy snack options, which may be savory or sweet. In other variations, the extruded vegetable-based food products include sufficient complete protein along with other nutrients to provide healthy meal replacement options.

Abstract: Fried snack chips formed Pleurotus eryngii mushrooms having a low fat content and methods of making them. The pleurotus Slicing the material (e.g., a stipe of a fruiting body of a Pleurotus eryngii mushroom eryngii mushroom snack chips described herein may have a meat-like transverse to the stipe) at a thickness of between 1-3 mm flavor rich in umami and may have less than 40% fat by weight, despite being fried in oil.

Abstract: Meat-flavored snack chips formed pleurotus eryngii mushrooms and methods of making them. The pleurotus eryngii mushroom snack chips described herein may have a meat-like flavor rich in umami.

Abstract: Meat-flavored snack chips formed pleurotus eryngii mushrooms and methods of making them. The pleurotus eryngii mushroom snack chips described herein may have a meat-like flavor rich in umami.

Abstract: One embodiment described herein relates to a system for removing pollutants from a flue gas. The system includes a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system having a SCR reactor containing a NOx reducing catalyst and one or more SCR protective devices. At least one of the SCR protective devices is connected to a rapping hammer system that actively remove fly ash collected on the SCR protective devices.

Abstract: One embodiment described herein relates to a system for removing pollutants from a flue gas. The system includes a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system having a SCR reactor containing a NOx reducing catalyst and one or more SCR protective devices. At least one of the SCR protective devices is connected to a rapping hammer system that actively remove fly ash collected on the SCR protective devices.

Abstract: One embodiment described herein relates to a system for removing pollutants from a flue gas. The system includes a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system having a SCR reactor containing a NOx reducing catalyst and one or more SCR protective devices. At least one of the SCR protective devices is connected to a rapping hammer system that actively remove fly ash collected on the SCR protective devices.

Abstract: A method for removing pollutants from flue gas generated by a plant having one or more burners located at an inlet end of a vertically extending stack, the flue gas being discharged through an outlet end of the stack. The pollutants are removed by an emission treatment system which includes a major component module and inlet and outlet ductwork providing fluid communications between the stack and the major component module. The major component module includes an SCR segment, a heat exchanger segment, and an ID fan, the SCR segment having at least one catalyst unit composed of materials for selectively catalyzing at least one pollutant. The method comprises the steps of drawing the flue gas from the stack and through the major component module with the ID fan, removing the pollutant from the flue gas with the SCR segment to produce a clean flue gas, and discharging the clean flue gas to the stack with the ID fan.

Abstract: An emission treatment system for removing NOx from flue gas includes a diversion member that closes the stack at a position intermediate the inlet and outlet ends. A major component module includes a first sub-module, having an inlet and an SCR segment, a second sub-module, having a heat exchange segment, and a third sub-module, having an ID fan and an outlet, forming a flue gas flow path extending from the inlet to the outlet. Inlet ductwork, which is in fluid communication with the stack at a position intermediate the inlet end of the stack and the diversion member, provides a passageway from the stack to the inlet. Outlet ductwork, which is in fluid communication with the stack at a position intermediate the diversion member and the outlet end of the stack, provides a passageway from the outlet to the stack. An ammonia addition subsystem injects ammonia vapor into the inlet ductwork.

Abstract: A method and structure for a fuse structure comprises an insulator layer, a plurality of fuse electrodes extending through the insulator layer to an underlying wiring layer, an electroplated fuse element connected to the electrodes, and an interface wall. The fuse element is positioned external to the insulator, with a gap juxtaposed between the insulator and the fuse element. The interface wall further comprises a first side wall, a second side wall, and an inner wall, wherein the inner wall is disposed within the gap. The fuse electrodes are diametrically opposed to one another, and the fuse element is perpendicularly disposed above the fuse electrodes. The fuse element is either electroplatted, electroless plated, or is an ultra thin fuse.

Abstract: A method and structure for a fuse structure comprises an insulator layer, a plurality of fuse electrodes extending through the insulator layer to an underlying wiring layer, an electroplated fuse element connected to the electrodes, and an interface wall. The fuse element is positioned external to the insulator, with a gap juxtaposed between the insulator and the fuse element. The interface wall further comprises a first side wall, a second side wall, and an inner wall, wherein the inner wall is disposed within the gap. The fuse electrodes are diametrically opposed to one another, and the fuse element is perpendicularly disposed above the fuse electrodes. The fuse element is either electroplatted, electroless plated, or is an ultra thin fuse.

Abstract: A method and structure for a fuse structure comprises an insulator layer, a plurality of fuse electrodes extending through the insulator layer to an underlying wiring layer, an electroplated fuse element connected to the electrodes, and an interface wall. The fuse element is positioned external to the insulator, with a gap juxtaposed between the insulator and the fuse element. The interface wall further comprises a first side wall, a second side wall, and an inner wall, wherein the inner wall is disposed within the gap. The fuse electrodes are diametrically opposed to one another, and the fuse element is perpendicularly disposed above the fuse electrodes. The fuse element is either electroplatted, electroless plated, or is an ultra thin fuse.

Abstract: A method and structure for a fuse structure comprises an insulator layer, a plurality of fuse electrodes extending through the insulator layer to an underlying wiring layer, an electroplated fuse element connected to the electrodes, and an interface wall. The fuse element is positioned external to the insulator, with a gap juxtaposed between the insulator and the fuse element. The interface wall further comprises a first side wall, a second side wall, and an inner wall, wherein the inner wall is disposed within the gap. The fuse electrodes are diametrically opposed to one another, and the fuse element is perpendicularly disposed above the fuse electrodes. The fuse element is either electroplatted, electroless plated, or is an ultra thin fuse.

Abstract: A circulating fluidized bed steam generator 10 and a method for operating the circulating fluidized bed steam generator are provided which offer the flexibility to use carbon dioxide (CO2) both as a desirable end product and as support to the combustion process. The method includes the step of introducing a substantially pure oxygen feed stream into the circulating fluidized bed steam generator 10 and the step of combusting a fuel in the presence of the substantially pure oxygen feed stream to produce a flue gas having carbon dioxide and water vapor as its two largest constituent elements by volume. The method also includes the step of passing the flue gas through an oxygen feed stream pre-heater 144 at which heat from the flue gas is transferred to the oxygen feed stream. Furthermore, the method includes the step of separating the flue gas into an end product portion and a recycling portion.

Abstract: The flue gas temperature coming from an air preheater to a particulate collection device such as an electrostatic precipitation or fabric filter is reduced to improve the operation of the particulate collection device. This may be done by reducing the exit flue gas temperature from the air preheater or reducing the temperature after exiting. In one embodiment, air in excess of that needed for combustion is passed through the air preheater with the heated excess air either being dumped or used for a variety of purposes in the plant. A particular embodiment involves segmenting the air outlet side of a rotary regenerative air preheater and withdrawing the excess air from the segment where the dust loading is the lowest. Further, additional cooling of the flue gas can be provided by reducing the quantity of primary air that typically bypasses the air preheater and then providing other ways to control the primary air temperature to the pulverizers.

Abstract: Sulfur oxides (SO.sub.x) are scrubbed from combustion effluents with greater system reliability when an improved mist eliminator of the invention is employed. The mist eliminator has at least one section, preferably two sections, with two passes followed by an extended trailing edge. This design is shown in tests to be as effective as four pass designs, while being easier to clean. Encrustation and plugging are greatly reduced.

Abstract: There is provided a circulating fluidized bed steam generator (CFB) having an improved structural support system and an improved combined hot solids-gas separator for separating gas and solids from a combined gas-solids stream. The combined hot solids-gas separator is in the form of a cyclone assembly having a plurality of wall portions forming a separation chamber and an inlet for passage of a combined gas-solids stream into the separation chamber. The lowermost extent of the inlet forms a threshold over which the combined gas-solids stream flows in entering the separation chamber. The separation chamber is operable to separate the combined gas-solids stream into a predominantly gas exit stream and a predominantly solids exit stream in a manner by which separated out solids to be discharged from the separation chamber via the predominantly solids exit stream are collected within the separation chamber at a location lower than the inlet.

Abstract: A system and method of injecting an ammonia or urea reactant into a flue gas stream in a steam generating power plant that utilizes Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) to lower NO.sub.x emissions and more specifically the injection of the reactant in such a manner that a more uniform mixing of the reactant with the flue gas stream is achieved more rapidly thereby increasing the efficiency of the catalytic reduction process and further a method of increasing the amount of reaction that takes place between the reactant/flue gas mixture and the catalytic material.

Abstract: A liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition comprises at least one tagging agent and a mixture of hydrocarbon components having boiling points in the range of about 100 degrees F. to about 800 degrees F. The tagging agent is present at a concentration in the range of from about 0.5 ppb to about 500 ppb. The tagging agent is elutable by chromatographic analysis of the liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition apart from the hydrocarbon components of the fuel composition. The tagging agent is formed from an organic compound containing elements found at natural isotopic abundance. Preferably, two or more tagging agents are employed in the fuel so that each fuel composition can be assigned a unique tagging agent composition. Analysis techniques are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for identifying the source of a transported chemical shipment. The method employs either a chemical element or an organic compound with one or more atoms that are non-radioactive isotopes generally not found in nature. A small quantity of the isotopic compound is introduced into the storage vessel containing the chemical to be transported prior to shipment of the chemical. Upon arrival at its destination point, a sample of the chemical shipment is analyzed. Matching the isotopic compound found in the chemical with the isotopic compound introduced into the storage vessel prior to shipment is indicative that the shipped chemical is identical to the chemical received. Non-radioactive materials may further be employed for detecting the source of a newly introduced contaminant in a water supply. The chemical substance may be a non-radioactive isotope of the chemical shipment being transported.