Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method, including receiving, by a wireless device of a first wireless network, a control request frame from a second access node of a second wireless network, the control request frame including at least a number of nulls for the wireless device. The wireless device selects a subset of antenna elements, wherein the number of antenna elements is in accordance with the number of nulls for the wireless device, and the antenna elements are selected based on reception powers of antenna elements of at least a frame from a first access node of the first wireless network and/or the second access node of the second wireless network. The wireless device transmits a control response frame with the selected antenna elements, and a data frame to the first access node with the selected antenna elements.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing miRNA libraries for massive parallel sequencing by applying nanotechnology which allows biases to be reduced and efficiency to be increased.

Abstract: Method for channel contention and data frame transmission in a wireless network.

Abstract: This document discloses a solution for sharing a transmission opportunity in a wireless network. According to an aspect, a method for an apparatus of a first wireless network includes determining a plurality of devices of a second wireless network for null steering; transmitting a trigger frame, the trigger frame indicating a transmission period for data frame transfer between the apparatus and another apparatus of the first wireless network, a spatial reuse opportunity for the second wireless network during the transmission period, and an additional period preceding the transmission period; receiving, from at least one device of the second wireless network during the additional period, a channel state frame; and performing, based on the channel state frame, null steering towards the at least one device during the transmission period.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method, including receiving, by a wireless device of a first wireless network, a control request frame from a second access node of a second wireless network, the control request frame including at least a number of nulls for the wireless device. The wireless device selects a subset of antenna elements, wherein the number of antenna elements is in accordance with the number of nulls for the wireless device, and the antenna elements are selected based on reception powers of antenna elements of at least a frame from a first access node of the first wireless network and/or the second access node of the second wireless network. The wireless device transmits a control response frame with the selected antenna elements, and a data frame to the first access node with the selected antenna elements.

Abstract: This document discloses a solution for sharing a transmission opportunity in a wireless network. According to an aspect, a method for an apparatus of a first wireless network: includes determining a plurality of devices of a second wireless network for null steering; transmitting a trigger frame, the trigger frame indicating a transmission period for data frame transfer between the apparatus and another apparatus of the first wireless network, a spatial reuse opportunity for the second wireless network during the transmission period, and an additional period preceding the transmission period; receiving, from at least one device of the second wireless network during the additional period, a channel state frame; and performing, based on the channel state frame, null steering towards the at least one device during the transmission period.

Abstract: This document discloses a solution for enabling spatial cooperation in a hidden node scenario. According to an aspect, a method comprises: detecting, by a station of a first wireless network managed by a first access node, that a second access node of a second wireless network is hidden to the first access node; in response to the detecting, transmitting by the station a spatial cooperation request message to the second access node; receiving, by the station from the second access node as a response to the spatial cooperation request message, a spatial cooperation response message comprising at least one information element acknowledging spatial cooperation; after receiving the spatial cooperation response message, receiving by the station a frame from the first access node while the second access node is transmitting another frame and while null steering is performed between the apparatus and the second access node.

Abstract: A base station for a multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) array receives a message that includes information identifying the transmitting and receiving nodes. Based on whether the base station has access to up-to-date channel covariance matrices for the nodes, the base station selectively performs a clear channel assessment in an unlicensed frequency band concurrently with placing nulls in directions associated with the nodes. In some cases, the up-to-date channel covariance matrices are used to place nulls in the directions associated with the nodes concurrently with performing the clear channel assessment in response to the up-to-date channel covariance matrices being available to the base station. Placement of nulls in the directions associated with the nodes is bypassed in response to the up-to-date channel covariance matrices not being available to the base station.

Abstract: A method of scheduling user equipment, a multiple antenna network node and computer program are disclosed. The method comprises: estimating at least one access network node channel within the unlicensed band between at least one access node operable to transmit in the unlicensed band, such as a WiFi Access Point, and the multiple antenna network node. Estimating a plurality of user equipment channels within the unlicensed band between a plurality of user equipment and the multiple antenna network node. Determining a degree of channel correlation of each of the plurality of user equipment channels and the at least one access node channel. Selecting at least one of the multiple user equipment to be scheduled, using the degree of channel correlation as a selection parameter, a lower degree of channel correlation increasing a user equipment's chance of being selected. In this manner the interference that LTE transmissions from and to scheduled UEs create on the at least one access node is reduced.

Abstract: This document discloses a solution for performing inter-network beamforming cooperation. According to an aspect, a method comprises: establishing, by a first access node of a first wireless network, inter-network beamforming with a second access node of a second wireless network and acquiring, during the establishment, information indicating that at least one station of the second wireless network has added an identifier of the first access node to a beamforming address set; transmitting, by the first access node, an announcement frame indicating the at least one station of the second wireless network; transmitting, by the first access node, a channel sounding signal; receiving, by the first access node, a beamforming report comprising channel state information from the at least one station of the second wireless network; and performing, by the first access node, null steering beamforming transmission in the first wireless network on the basis of the received channel state information.

Abstract: A method for modifying an electromagnetic field distribution of a node in a telecommunication network, comprising determining the presence of an entity within a region of interest, and regulating transmission power to the region of interest from the node by varying a spatio-temporal transmission profile of the node in response to determining the presence of the entity in the region for a period of time longer than a predetermined threshold value, wherein modifying the electromagnetic field distribution of the node comprises modifying an average electromagnetic field distribution of said node.

Abstract: This document discloses a solution for performing internetwork beamforming cooperation. According to an aspect, a method comprises: establishing, by a first access node (112) of a first wireless network, internetwork beamforming with a second access node (110) of a second wireless network, wherein the establishment indicates at least one station (102) of the second wireless network; in response to said establishing, transmitting by the first access node (112) a channel sounding signal; receiving, by the first access node (112) from the at least one station (102) of the second wireless network, a beamforming report comprising channel state information measured from the channel sounding signal; and performing, by the first access node (112), null steering beamforming transmission in the first wireless network on the basis of the received channel state information.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method, comprising: receiving from a first wireless device a first transmission comprising information on beamforming and/or null steering for a second transmission from the first wireless device, and controlling a third transmission from a second wireless device to a third wireless device during the second transmission on the basis of the information on beamforming and/or null steering.

Abstract: A base station for a multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) array receives a message that includes information identifying the transmitting and receiving nodes. Based on whether the base station has access to up-to-date channel covariance matrices for the nodes, the base station selectively performs a clear channel assessment in an unlicensed frequency band concurrently with placing nulls in directions associated with the nodes. In some cases, the up-to-date channel covariance matrices are used to place nulls in the directions associated with the nodes concurrently with performing the clear channel assessment in response to the up-to-date channel covariance matrices being available to the base station. Placement of nulls in the directions associated with the nodes is bypassed in response to the up-to-date channel covariance matrices not being available to the base station.

Abstract: A base station provides, a first number of probe packets to an access point for transmission to a user equipment over an access network path. The base station receives information indicating a bandwidth of the access network path estimated by the user equipment. The base station determines which of the base station or the access point to use for communication with the user equipment based on the bandwidth. The user equipment receives a second number of packets over an air interface and determines inter-arrival packet delays for the second number of probe packets. The user equipment estimates the bandwidth of the air interface based on the inter-arrival packet delays, the first number, and a time interval for transmission of the first number of probe packets. The user equipment transmits information indicating the bandwidth.

Abstract: A multiple input multiple output network node, an access network node, a computer program and method are disclosed. The method comprises prior to transmitting signals in an unlicensed band: estimating at least one channel within the unlicensed band between at least one access network node operable to transmit in the unlicensed band and the multiple input multiple output network node; determining precoding operations required to generate a null signal beam for the at least one estimated channel; monitoring the unlicensed band using the determined precoding operations. In response to detecting the unlicensed band to be clear of signals: transmitting at least one signal in the unlicensed band with the null beam in place such that no signal is transmitted on the at least one estimated channel.

Abstract: A method for modifying an electromagnetic field distribution of a node in a telecommunication network, comprising determining the presence of an entity within a region of interest, and regulating transmission power to the region of interest from the node by varying a spatio-temporal transmission profile of the node in response to determining the presence of the entity in the region for a period of time longer than a predetermined threshold value, wherein modifying the electromagnetic field distribution of the node comprises modifying an average electromagnetic field distribution of said node.

Abstract: A method of allocating orthogonal resources, a computer program for so doing, a network node and network control node are disclosed. One method comprises determining user equipment within a radio cell of the network node that are considered to be edge user equipment located towards an edge of the radio cell and user equipment that are considered to be centre user equipment located towards a centre of the radio cell. Allocating a subset of the set of resources to the edge user equipment and allocating resources from the set of resources that are not allocated to the edge user equipment to the centre user equipment; and indicating to at least some adjacent network nodes that the subset of the resources is not available to the adjacent network node for allocation to edge user equipment.

Abstract: Aspects and embodiments provide a method of allocating frame resource elements in a wireless communication network for the purpose of channel estimation, and a base station and computer program product operable to perform that method. One aspect provides a method of allocating resource elements in a wireless communication network. The method comprises: determining a channel estimate associated with each user equipment to be scheduled in a given frame; assessing whether a validity time associated with each channel estimation value, e.g. CSI, associated to each user equipment is still valid or should be considered as expired; and allocating the frame resource elements to either channel estimation, when the current channel estimation is not anymore valid, or else to data transmission, when it is still valid.

Abstract: Method for managing a wireless passive optical network, including a plurality of access points, APs, and a plurality of customer premises equipments, CPEs. The method includes configuring an AP to CPE association based on a load balancing algorithm such that each CPE is associated with at least one AP; configuring for each AP an AP beamforming codebook based on the configured association, wherein the AP beamforming codebook includes entries, wherein each entry is representative for a beam pattern to be transmitted by the AP, and wherein the AP beamforming codebook includes for each CPE associated with the AP—a line of sight, LoS, entry representative for a beam pattern to be transmitted to the respective CPE via a LoS path; and at least one back-up entry representative for a beam pattern to be transmitted to the respective CPE via a back-up path different from the LoS path.