Abstract: A base station operates according to a first radio access technology (RAT) that requires synchronization on timing synchronization boundaries. The base station acquires a channel of an unlicensed frequency band and generates a clear-to-send message that is decodable by access points that operate according to a second RAT that does not require synchronization on the timing synchronization boundaries. The base station transmits the clear-to-send message during a time interval between acquisition of the channel and a subsequent timing synchronization boundary.

Abstract: A first node includes a transceiver configured to detect one or more second nodes that transmit one or more signals on a channel of an unlicensed frequency band. The one or more signals have one or more received signal strengths at the first node that are below an energy detection threshold that indicates the channel is clear for transmission by the first node. The first node also includes a processor configured to modify the energy detection threshold based on the received signal strength.

Abstract: A first node that operates according to a first radio access technology (RAT) provides a first schedule to a second node that operates according to a second RAT. The first schedule requests a first portion of a subsequent time interval for transmission in an unlicensed frequency band. The first node receives one or more second schedules from a second node. The one or more second schedules request one or more second portions of the subsequent time interval for transmission in the unlicensed frequency band. The first node transmits signals in the unlicensed frequency bands during a third portion of the subsequent time interval that is determined based on the at least one second portion.

Abstract: A radio access network element includes a cellular interface and a processor. The cellular interface is configured to communicate with the user equipment via a cellular link. The processor is configured execute computer readable instructions to cause the radio access network element to: transmit a plurality of probe packets to the user equipment via an IP tunnel between the radio access network element and the user equipment through a wireless local area network access point; receive a probe packet response from the user equipment, the probe packet response being indicative of a connection quality of the IP tunnel between the radio access network element and the user equipment; and determine whether to switch from a first traffic routing mode to a second traffic routing mode based on the probe packet response from the user equipment.

Abstract: A method, in a heterogeneous telecommunications network, for mitigating uplink-downlink (UL-DL) interference between a first half-duplex user equipment (UE) operable to communicate using a first frequency resource in an uplink to a first full-duplex node, and a second half duplex UE operable to receive downlink communications from a second full-duplex node, the method including receiving, at the second node, an indication of actual or potential UL-DL interference generated by the first UE, scheduling a pair of UEs, that includes the second UE, for full-duplex UL-DL communication with the second full-duplex node in which DL transmissions to the second UE from the second node use a second frequency resource different from the first frequency resource or in which scheduling is avoided for DL connections to the second UE that fall below a quality of service threshold determined using channel quality measurements obtained by the second UE for the first and second frequency resources.

Abstract: A method, in a heterogeneous telecommunications network, for mitigating DL-UL interference between an aggressor full-duplex node and a victim full-duplex node, respective nodes operable to serve pairs of half-duplex UEs in full-duplex communication using multiple frequency resources, the method including transmitting an interference indicator message (IIM) from the victim node to the aggressor node including data representing an indication that the victim node intends to schedule full-duplex communication with a pair of half-duplex UEs using a selected one of the multiple frequency resources, wherein the aggressor node, on the basis of the IIM message, is operable to decrease transmission power or cease transmission for a predetermined period of time to a scheduled pair of half-duplex UEs served by the aggressor node in the selected frequency resource, or share scheduling information and data to be scheduled with the victim node whereby to enable interference cancellation for DL-UL interference generated by t

Abstract: There is provided a heterogeneous communications network. The heterogeneous communications network comprises: a macro cell; a small cell provided within the macro cell; and a user equipment provided within the macro cell, wherein the user equipment is operable to receive control-plane information from the macro cell and user-plane information from the macro cell and/or the small cell, and wherein the user equipment is operable to transmit a connection request based on the received control-plane information, the macro cell and/or small cell are operable to determine which of the macro cell and the small cell is to operate as the serving cell for the user equipment based on the connection request, and the determined serving cell is operable to transmit a connection response to the user equipment.

Abstract: A security tag includes a combination of a resonant frequency circuit with an adjacent amplification shield for enhancing output signal amplitude. The amplification shield is located adjacent to the resonant frequency circuit and is preferably in the same or substantially the same plane as the resonant frequency circuit or is in a close, generally parallel plane. In an exemplary embodiment, the resonant frequency circuit includes an inductor electrically coupled to a capacitor. The resonant frequency circuit has a center frequency and is arranged to resonate in response to exposure to electromagnetic energy at or near the center frequency, providing an output signal having an amplitude. The amplification shield is arranged to direct a portion of the electromagnetic energy to the resonant frequency circuit to amplify the amplitude of the output signal from the resonant frequency circuit.

Abstract: A tag and method of making it. The tag includes a first adhesive layer provided in a first predetermined pattern between a surface of a first substrate and a first conductive foil. The first pattern corresponds to a pattern for a first conductive trace, e.g., a portion of a resonant circuit. The first conductive foil is laminated, e.g., adhesively secured, to the surface of the first substrate to form a first conductive layer. A first portion of that layer is shaped, e.g., die-cut, to generally correspond to the first pattern. A second portion of the first conductive layer not corresponding to the first portion is removed, to establish the first conductive trace, with the adhesive layer confined within the boundaries of the first conductive trace. Another conductive trace is secured to the first conductive trace, with a dielectric therebetween, to form a resonant circuit.

Abstract: A method of making a resonant frequency circuit is disclosed. The method includes the steps of: (1) forming a first adhesive layer in a first predetermined pattern on a surface of a first substrate; (2) laminating a first conductive foil to the surface of the first substrate to form a first conductive layer; (3) forming a first portion of the first conductive layer in a shape generally corresponding to the first predetermined pattern; and (4) removing a second portion of the first conductive layer not corresponding to the first portion to establish a first conductive trace on the first substrate. A third conductive trace is formed on a third substrate. The third conductive trace is secured to the first conductive trace with a dielectric layer therebetween to form the resonant frequency circuit.