Abstract: Methods for recovering a metal from a metal-containing material are provided. In embodiments, such a method comprises exposing a metal-containing material to a leaching solution comprising a solvent and a binoxalate, a tetraoxalate, or a combination thereof, under conditions to provide a leachate comprising a soluble metal oxalate; inducing precipitation of a metal-containing precipitate comprising the metal of the soluble metal oxalate from the leachate; and recovering the metal-containing precipitate.

Abstract: Methods for recovering metals from metal-containing materials are provided. The metal-containing material comprises either Co and Li (e.g., an electrode material from a spent lithium ion battery) or Fe and Al (e.g., bauxite). The metal-containing material is exposed to a leaching solution comprising ammonium hydrogen oxalate, oxalic acid, or both, to provide a solid composed of either cobalt oxalate or iron oxalate, and a solution of either lithium oxalate or aluminum oxalate. The solid is processed to provide either cobalt oxide or iron oxide; the solution is processed to provide either a lithium precipitate or an aluminum precipitate, and a filtrate comprising an oxalate; and the filtrate comprising the oxalate is processed to recover ammonium hydrogen oxalate, oxalic acid, or both. The method further comprises repeating the digestion step with the recovered ammonium hydrogen oxalate, the recovered oxalic acid, or both.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to processes which involve: contacting a mixture comprising at least one fluoroolefin and at least one impurity with at least one zeolite to reduce the concentration of the at least one impurity in the mixture; and the at least one zeolite is selected from the group consisting of zeolites having pore opening of at least 4 Angstroms and no more than about 5 Angstroms, zeolites having pore opening of at least about 5 Angstroms and Sanderson electronegativity of no more than about 2.6, and mixtures thereof; provided that the at least one zeolite is not zeolite 4A. This disclosure also relates to processes for making at least one hydrotetrafluoropropene product selected from the group consisting of CF3CF?CH2, CF3CH?CHF, and mixtures thereof; and relates to processes for making at least one hydrochlorotrifluoropropene product selected from the group consisting of CF3CCl?CH2, CF3CH?CHCl, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Provided are processes for producing metal oxides, including pigmentary TiO2. In embodiments, a process for producing a metal oxide comprises combining a metal halide and an oxidant in a liquid phase medium under conditions to oxidize the metal halide in the liquid phase medium to produce a metal oxide therefrom.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to processes which involve: contacting a mixture comprising at least one fluoroolefin and at least one impurity with at least one zeolite to reduce the concentration of the at least one impurity in the mixture; and the at least one zeolite is selected from the group consisting of zeolites having pore opening of at least 4 Angstroms and no more than about 5 Angstroms, zeolites having pore opening of at least about 5 Angstroms and Sanderson electronegativity of no more than about 2.6, and mixtures thereof; provided that the at least one zeolite is not zeolite 4A. This disclosure also relates to processes for making at least one hydrotetrafluoropropene product selected from the group consisting of CF3CF?CH2, CF3CH?CHF, and mixtures thereof; and relates to processes for making at least one hydrochlorotrifluoropropene product selected from the group consisting of CF3CCl?CH2, CF3CH?CHCl, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to processes which involve: contacting a mixture comprising at least one fluoroolefin and at least one impurity with at least one zeolite to reduce the concentration of the at least one impurity in the mixture; and the at least one zeolite is selected from the group consisting of zeolites having pore opening of at least 4 Angstroms and no more than about 5 Angstroms, zeolites having pore opening of at least about 5 Angstroms and Sanderson electronegativity of no more than about 2.6, and mixtures thereof; provided that the at least one zeolite is not zeolite 4A. This disclosure also relates to processes for making at least one hydrotetrafluoropropene product selected from the group consisting of CF3CF?CH2, CF3CH?CHF, and mixtures thereof; and relates to processes for making at least one hydrochlorotrifluoropropene product selected from the group consisting of CF3CCl?CH2, CF3CH?CHCl, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Methods for recovering a metal from a metal-containing material are provided. In embodiments, such a method comprises exposing a metal-containing material to a leaching solution comprising a solvent and a binoxalate, a tetraoxalate, or a combination thereof, under conditions to provide a leachate comprising a soluble metal oxalate; inducing precipitation of a metal-containing precipitate comprising the metal of the soluble metal oxalate from the leachate; and recovering the metal-containing precipitate.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to processes which involve: contacting a mixture comprising at least one fluoroolefin and at least one impurity with at least one zeolite to reduce the concentration of the at least one impurity in the mixture; and the at least one zeolite is selected from the group consisting of zeolites having pore opening of at least 4 Angstroms and no more than about 5 Angstroms, zeolites having pore opening of at least about 5 Angstroms and Sanderson electronegativity of no more than about 2.6, and mixtures thereof; provided that the at least one zeolite is not zeolite 4A. This disclosure also relates to processes for making at least one hydrotetrafluoropropene product selected from the group consisting of CF3CF?CH2, CF3CH?CHF, and mixtures thereof; and relates to processes for making at least one hydrochlorotrifluoropropene product selected from the group consisting of CF3CCl?CH2, CF3CH?CHCl, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Provided are processes for producing metal oxides, including pigmentary TiO2. In embodiments, a process for producing a metal oxide comprises combining a metal halide and an oxidant in a liquid phase medium under conditions to oxidize the metal halide in the liquid phase medium to produce a metal oxide therefrom.

Abstract: Methods for recovering metals from metal-containing materials are provided. The metal-containing material comprises either Co and Li (e.g., an electrode material from a spent lithium ion battery) or Fe and Al (e.g., bauxite). The metal-containing material is exposed to a leaching solution comprising ammonium hydrogen oxalate, oxalic acid, or both, to provide a solid composed of either cobalt oxalate or iron oxalate, and a solution of either lithium oxalate or aluminum oxalate. The solid is processed to provide either cobalt oxide or iron oxide; the solution is processed to provide either a lithium precipitate or an aluminum precipitate, and a filtrate comprising an oxalate; and the filtrate comprising the oxalate is processed to recover ammonium hydrogen oxalate, oxalic acid, or both. The method further comprises repeating the digestion step with the recovered ammonium hydrogen oxalate, the recovered oxalic acid, or both.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to processes which involve: contacting a mixture comprising at least one fluoroolefin and at least one impurity with at least one zeolite to reduce the concentration of the at least one impurity in the mixture; and the at least one zeolite is selected from the group consisting of zeolites having pore opening of at least 4 Angstroms and no more than about 5 Angstroms, zeolites having pore opening of at least about 5 Angstroms and Sanderson electronegativity of no more than about 2.6, and mixtures thereof; provided that the at least one zeolite is not zeolite 4A. This disclosure also relates to processes for making at least one hydrotetrafluoropropene product selected from the group consisting of CF3CF?CH2, CF3CH?CHF, and mixtures thereof; and relates to processes for making at least one hydrochlorotrifluoropropene product selected from the group consisting of CF3CCl?CH2, CF3CH?CHCl, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A method for producing a transgenic plant includes providing a nucleic acid molecule comprising at least two regions of nucleic acid sequence that lack sequence homology with genomic DNA of the plant cell, and at least two zinc finger nuclease recognition sites, wherein the at least two regions of nucleic acid sequence that lack sequence homology with genomic DNA of the plant cell flank the at least two zinc finger nuclease recognition sites. A plant cell or tissue having the nucleic acid molecule stably integrated into the genome of the plant cell is transformed. A plant is regenerated from the plant cell. Transgenic plants are produced by the method. Seeds are produced by the transgenic plants.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to processes which involve: contacting a mixture comprising at least one fluoroolefin and at least one impurity with at least one zeolite to reduce the concentration of the at least one impurity in the mixture; and the at least one zeolite is selected from the group consisting of zeolites having pore opening of at least 4 Angstroms and no more than about 5 Angstroms, zeolites having pore opening of at least about 5 Angstroms and Sanderson electronegativity of no more than about 2.6, and mixtures thereof; provided that the at least one zeolite is not zeolite 4A. This disclosure also relates to processes for making at least one hydrotetrafluoropropene product selected from the group consisting of CF3CF?CH2, CF3CH?CHF, and mixtures thereof; and relates to processes for making at least one hydrochlorotrifluoropropene product selected from the group consisting of CF3CCl?CH2, CF3CH?CHCl, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to processes which involve: contacting a mixture comprising at least one fluoroolefin and at least one impurity with at least one zeolite to reduce the concentration of the at least one impurity in the mixture; and the at least one zeolite is selected from the group consisting of zeolites having pore opening of at least 4 Angstroms and no more than about 5 Angstroms, zeolites having pore opening of at least about 5 Angstroms and Sanderson electronegativity of no more than about 2.6, and mixtures thereof; provided that the at least one zeolite is not zeolite 4A. This disclosure also relates to processes for making at least one hydrotetrafluoropropene product selected from the group consisting of CF3CF?CH2, CF3CH?CHF, and mixtures thereof; and relates to processes for making at least one hydrochlorotrifluoropropene product selected from the group consisting of CF3CCl?CH2, CF3CH?CHCl, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to processes which involve: contacting a mixture comprising at least one fluoroolefin and at least one RfC?CX impurity with at least one zeolite to reduce the concentration of the at least one RfC?CX impurity in the mixture; wherein Rf is a straight-chain perfluorinated alkyl group, and X is H, F, Cl, Br or I; and the at least one zeolite is selected from the group consisting of zeolites having pore opening of at least 4 Angstroms and no more than about 5 Angstroms, zeolites having pore opening of at least about 5 Angstroms and Sanderson electronegativity of no more than about 2.6, and mixtures thereof; provided that the at least one zeolite is not zeolite 4A.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to processes which involve: contacting a mixture comprising at least one fluoroolefin and at least one RfC?CX impurity with at least one zeolite to reduce the concentration of the at least one RfC?CX impurity in the mixture; wherein Rf is a straight-chain perfluorinated alkyl group, and X is H, F, Cl, Br or I; and the at least one zeolite is selected from the group consisting of zeolites having pore opening of at least 4 Angstroms and no more than about 5 Angstroms, zeolites having pore opening of at least about 5 Angstroms and Sanderson electronegativity of no more than about 2.6, and mixtures thereof; provided that the at least one zeolite is not zeolite 4A.

Abstract: A method for producing a transgenic plant includes providing a nucleic acid molecule comprising at least two regions of nucleic acid sequence that lack sequence homology with genomic DNA of the plant cell, and at least two zinc finger nuclease recognition sites, wherein the at least two regions of nucleic acid sequence that lack sequence homology with genomic DNA of the plant cell flank the at least two zinc finger nuclease recognition sites. A plant cell or tissue having the nucleic acid molecule stably integrated into the genome of the plant cell is transformed. A plant is regenerated from the plant cell. Transgenic plants are produced by the method. Seeds are produced by the transgenic plants.

Abstract: A method for producing a transgenic plant includes providing a nucleic acid molecule comprising at least two regions of nucleic acid sequence that lack sequence homology with genomic DNA of the plant cell, and at least two zinc finger nuclease recognition sites, wherein the at least two regions of nucleic acid sequence that lack sequence homology with genomic DNA of the plant cell flank the at least two zinc finger nuclease recognition sites. A plant cell or tissue having the nucleic acid molecule stably integrated into the genome of the plant cell is transformed. A plant is regenerated from the plant cell. Transgenic plants are produced by the method. Seeds are produced by the transgenic plants.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to processes which involve: contacting a mixture comprising at least one fluoroolefin and at least one RfC?CX impurity with at least one zeolite to reduce the concentration of the at least one RfC?CX impurity in the mixture; wherein Rf is a straight-chain perfluorinated alkyl group, and X is H, F, Cl, Br or I; and the at least one zeolite is selected from the group consisting of zeolites having pore opening of at least 4 Angstroms and no more than about 5 Angstroms, zeolites having pore opening of at least about 5 Angstroms and Sanderson electronegativity of no more than about 2.6, and mixtures thereof; provided that the at least one zeolite is not zeolite 4A.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to processes which involve: contacting a mixture comprising at least one fluoroolefin and at least one RfC?CX impurity with at least one zeolite to reduce the concentration of the at least one RfC?CX impurity in the mixture; wherein Rf is a straight-chain perfluorinated alkyl group, and X is H, F, Cl, Br or I; and the at least one zeolite is selected from the group consisting of zeolites having pore opening of at least 4 Angstroms and no more than about 5 Angstroms, zeolites having pore opening of at least about 5 Angstroms and Sanderson electronegativity of no more than about 2.6, and mixtures thereof; provided that the at least one zeolite is not zeolite 4A.