Abstract: A half bridge comprising: a high side (HS) transistor; a low side (LS) transistor connected in series with the high side transistor at an output node of the half bridge; and a third quadrant state (TQS) detector connected in parallel with the HS or LS transistor and in series respectively with the LS and/or HS transistor, which TQS detector generates a signal responsive to a direction of a voltage drop across the transistor that is in parallel with the TQS detector.

Abstract: A transducer apparatus for delivering tumor treating fields to a subject's body, the transducer apparatus including: an array of electrodes, the array configured to be positioned over the subject's body with a front face of the array facing the subject's body, the array comprising electrode elements positioned in existing electrode positions arranged around a centroid of the array; an anisotropic material layer electrically coupled to the array of electrodes and located on a front side of the front face of the array; and at least one void space in the array of electrodes capable of enclosing an areal footprint equivalent to at least a portion of an areal footprint of at least one existing electrode position, and superimposable on at least a portion of at least one existing electrode position by rotation of the array around the centroid.

Abstract: Alternating electric fields (e.g., tumor treating fields or TTFields) can be applied to a subject's body using electrode assemblies that are made from two discrete subassemblies, which are removably and adhesively connectable to each other. As long as the two subassemblies remain in intimate contact (which can be determined, e.g., by measuring an electrical resistance or an optical reflectance), the system applies an AC voltage to the electrode assemblies. But if (a) the subassemblies within any given electrode assembly become separated (or even begin to separate), or (b) the subassemblies within any given electrode assembly are not aligned correctly, then the system will turn off the AC voltage to that electrode assembly.

Abstract: Alternating electric fields (e.g., Tumor Treating Fields or TTFields) can be applied to a subject's body using an apparatus (e.g., a transducer array) that includes a first PCB that has metal pads for coupling an AC signal into the subject's body at high currents, and a second, less expensive PCB that can only handle lower currents. The first PCB is located at a central portion of the apparatus, and the second PCB is located at a peripheral portion of the apparatus. Temperature sensors (e.g., thermistors) are electrically connected to the second PCB. In some embodiments, the second PCB is significantly larger than the first PCB.

Abstract: A power switch comprising: a cascode having a normally ON transistor connected in series with a normally OFF transistor at a cascode node; a safety switch between a gate of the normally ON transistor and a first ground common to the cascode and the switch; and a controller comprising: a controller power supply having a power supply output connected to the cascode node at which output the controller power supply provides a voltage relative to a second ground that is floating relative to the first ground; a first controller output connected to the gate of the normally ON transistor at which the controller generates a first voltage relative to the second ground; wherein the controller power supply is connected to the safety switch and voltage provided by the controller power supply is coupled to and operates to maintain the safety switch OFF and nonconducting and in the absence of the voltage the safety switch is turned ON and conducting.

Abstract: A transducer apparatus for delivering tumor treating fields to a subject's body, the transducer apparatus including: an array of electrodes, the array configured to be positioned over the subject's body with a front face of the array facing the subject's body, the array including electrode elements; and an anisotropic material layer electrically coupled to the array of electrodes and located on a front side of the front face of the array, the anisotropic material layer including a front face and a back face, the back face facing the array of electrodes. The anisotropic material layer further includes a hole passing through the front face and the back face of the anisotropic material layer, wherein the electrode elements are positioned around the hole of the anisotropic material layer.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials involved in binding a binder (e.g., an antibody, antigen binding fragment, and/or antibody domain) to an NE polypeptide. For example, binders (e.g., antibodies, antigen binding fragments, and/or antibody domains) that bind to an NE polypeptide and methods and materials for using one or more such binding molecules to treat a mammal (e.g., a human) having cancer and/or an inflammatory condition are provided.

Abstract: A power switch comprising: a cascode having a normally ON transistor connected in series with a normally OFF transistor at a cascode node: a first diode connected between a gate of the normally ON transistor and a first ground common to the cascode and the diode; and a controller comprising: a controller power supply having a power supply output connected to the cascode node at which output the controller power supply provides a voltage relative to a second ground that is floating relative to the first ground; and a first controller output connected to the gate of the normally ON transistor at which the controller generates a first voltage relative to the second ground.

Abstract: A power switch comprising: a cascode having a normally ON transistor connected in series with a normally OFF transistor at a cascode node; a first diode connected between a gate of the normally ON transistor and a first ground common to the cascode and the diode; and a controller comprising: a controller power supply having a power supply output connected to the cascode node at which output the controller power supply provides a voltage relative to a second ground that is floating relative to the first ground; and a first controller output connected to the gate of the normally ON transistor at which the controller generates a first voltage relative to the second ground.

Abstract: Apparatuses for use in applying TTFields are disclosed. An apparatus comprises an electrode subassembly including at least one electrode element having a skin-facing side and a skin-facing surface. The apparatus further includes a skin contact subassembly comprising a skin contact conductive adhesive or gel configured to contact skin of a subject. One of the electrode subassembly or the skin contact subassembly comprises an electrically conductive polymer layer, and the other of the electrode subassembly or the skin contact subassembly comprises a second conductive adhesive or gel. The electrically conductive polymer layer is disposed against, and removably coupled to, the second conductive adhesive or gel, thereby removably coupling the electrode subassembly to the skin contact subassembly so that the skin contact conductive adhesive or gel is electrically coupled to the at least one electrode element.

Abstract: A first system may receive first data of a user associated with a first identifier and second data of the user associated with a second identifier that exclude user identifying information from a first and second data source, respectively. A key may be received from a second system that associates the first and second identifier with a common identifier generated to preserve user anonymity at the first system. The key may be used to generate aggregated data for the user that includes the first and second data and is associated with the common identifier. The aggregated data may be processed to determine the user as a candidate for an offer set. The common identifier for the user is included in a candidacy list for the offer set, and provided to the second system to facilitate request processing associated with the presentation of the offer set to candidate users.

Abstract: A transducer apparatus for delivering tumor treating fields to a subject's body, including: a substrate; an electrode element coupled to the substrate; a layer of anisotropic material electrically coupled to the electrode element, wherein the electrode element is located between the substrate and the layer of anisotropic material having a front face and a back face, wherein the back face of the layer of anisotropic material faces the electrode element; a non-conductive material border disposed over an outer perimeter of the layer of anisotropic material, the non-conductive material border being electrically non-conductive, wherein, when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the front face of the layer of anisotropic material: an inner edge of the non-conductive material border overlaps a portion of the front face of the layer of anisotropic material, and an outer edge of the non-conductive material border extends outside the outer perimeter of the layer of anisotropic material.

Abstract: A transducer apparatus for delivering tumor treating fields to a subject's body, the transducer apparatus including: an array of electrodes, the array configured to be positioned over the subject's body with a front face of the array facing the subject's body, the array comprising electrode elements positioned in existing electrode positions arranged around a centroid of the array; an anisotropic material layer electrically coupled to the array of electrodes and located on a front side of the front face of the array; and at least one void space in the array of electrodes capable of enclosing an areal footprint equivalent to at least a portion of an areal footprint of at least one existing electrode position, and superimposable on at least a portion of at least one existing electrode position by rotation of the array around the centroid.

Abstract: A transducer apparatus for delivering tumor treating fields to a subject's body includes: an array of electrodes, the array configured to be positioned over the subject's body with a face of the array facing the subject's body, the array comprising electrode elements positioned in substantially symmetrical positions arranged around a centroid of the array; a void space located between at least one pair of adjacent electrodes of the array; and a polymeric material layer overlaying the array of electrodes and located on a side of the array facing away from the subject's body.

Abstract: An apparatus has an electrode subassembly having a circuitry layer having a skin-facing inner side and an outer side. A plurality of electrode elements are disposed on the inner side of the circuitry layer and electrically coupled to the circuitry layer. Each electrode element of the plurality of electrode elements has an electrode edge. A layer of anisotropic material is electrically coupled to the plurality of electrode elements of the electrode subassembly. The layer of anisotropic material has a skin-facing surface and an opposing outwardly facing surface. The layer of anisotropic material has a peripheral outer edge. The peripheral outer edge of the layer of anisotropic material extends beyond the electrode edge of each respective electrode element of the plurality of electrode elements. A skin contact layer comprises a biocompatible conductive material. The skin contact layer is disposed on a skin-facing side of the layer of anisotropic material.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing Tumor-Treating Fields comprises an electrode layer having a plurality of electrode elements. First and second electrode elements are spaced apart within the electrode layer along a first axis. The electrode layer has at least one filler structure having a first filler portion positioned within a space between the first and second electrode elements. The at least one filler structure is configured to provide the electrode layer with a substantially consistent height along the first axis. The apparatus can further have an upper adhesive layer, a lower adhesive layer, and a layer of anisotropic material therebetween. The plurality of electrode elements can be in electrical contact with the outwardly facing surface of the layer of anisotropic material.

Abstract: A system and method for constructing a 3D phantom with epoxy utilizing conductive particles is herein disclosed. The phantom, comprising: a container for housing a fluid, the container having at least one exterior wall comprising an exterior surface and an interior surface defining a cavity, the exterior wall constructed of a non-conductive matrix material mixed with conductive particles to provide the exterior wall with an electrical impedance, resistance, resistivity, or conductivity to model electrical impedance, resistance, resistivity, or conductivity of a first biological component; and a conductive solution within the cavity, the conductive solution being at least one of a fluid solution, a suspension, and a gel and configured to model electrical impedance, resistance, resistivity, or conductivity of a second biological component.

Abstract: Ceramic matrix composite articles include, for example a first plurality of plies of ceramic fibers in a ceramic matrix defining a first extent, and a local at least one second ply in said ceramic matrix defining a second extent on and/or in said first plurality of plies with the second extent being less than said first extent. The first plurality of plies has a first property, the at least one second ply has at least one second property, and said first property being different from said at least one second property. The different properties may include one or more different mechanical (stress/strain) properties, one or more different thermal conductivity properties, one or more different electrical conductivity properties, one or more different other properties, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: An adhesive layer for use in a transducer apparatus, the adhesive layer extending in an x-y plane and having an adhesive layer outer edge, the adhesive layer including: an adhesive matrix material; a plurality of electrically conductive particles embedded at least partially within the adhesive matrix material forming a conductive adhesive region of the adhesive layer; and at least one non-conductive edge portion comprising an adhesive devoid of electrically conductive particles, the at least one non-conductive edge portion being electrically non-conductive; wherein, when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the x-y plane, a first non-conductive edge portion is located adjacent to and extends along an outer edge of the conductive adhesive region and forms at least a portion of an outer perimeter of the adhesive layer.