Abstract: A mote includes an optical receiver that wirelessly receives a power and data signal in form of NIR light energy within a patient and converts the NIR light energy to an electrical signal having a supply voltage. A control module supplies the supply voltage to power devices of the mote. A clock generation circuit locks onto a target clock frequency based on the power and data signal and generates clock signals. A data recovery circuit sets parameters of one of the devices based on the power and data signal and a first clock signal. An amplifier amplifies a neuron signal detected via an electrode inserted in tissue of the patient. A chip identifier module, based on a second clock signal, generates a recorded data signal based on a mote chip identifier and the neuron signal. A driver transmits the recorded data signal via a LED or a RF transmitter.

Abstract: An amplifier is presented with a sample and average common mode feedback resistor. The amplifier circuit includes a feedback capacitor and a feedback resistor in parallel with the feedback capacitor, where the feedback capacitor and the feedback resistor form part of the negative feedback path for the amplifier. Of note, the feedback resistor is comprised of a low pass filter in series with a switched capacitor resistor, such that the low pass filter is electrically coupled to the output of the amplifier circuit and the switched capacitor resistor is electrically coupled to the inverting input of the amplifier circuit. The amplifier circuit further includes a control circuit interfaced with switches of the switched capacitor resistor. The high pass corner of the switched capacitor resistor is preferably lower than corner of the low pass filter.

Abstract: When the ultra-low power mm-scale sensor node does not have a crystal oscillator and phase-lock loop, it inevitably exhibits significant carrier frequency offset (CFO) and sampling frequency offset (SFO) with respect to the reference frequencies in the gateway. This disclosure enables efficient real-time calculation of accurate SFO and CFO at the gateway, thus the ultra-low power mm-scale sensor node can be realized without a costly and bulky clock reference crystal and also power-hungry phase lock loop. In the proposed system, the crystal-less sensor starts transmission with repetitive RF pulses with a constant interval, followed by the data payload using pulse-position modulation (PPM). A proposed algorithm uses a two-dimensional (2D) fast Fourier transform (FFT) based process that identifies the SFO and CFO at the same time to establish successful wireless communication between the gateway and crystal-less sensor nodes.

Abstract: When the ultra-low power mm-scale sensor node does not have a crystal oscillator and phase-lock loop, it inevitably exhibits significant carrier frequency offset (CFO) and sampling frequency offset (SFO) with respect to the reference frequencies in the gateway. This disclosure enables efficient real-time calculation of accurate SFO and CFO at the gateway, thus the ultra-low power mm-scale sensor node can be realized without a costly and bulky clock reference crystal and also power-hungry phase lock loop. In the proposed system, the crystal-less sensor starts transmission with repetitive RF pulses with a constant interval, followed by the data payload using pulse-position modulation (PPM). A proposed algorithm uses a two-dimensional (2D) fast Fourier transform (FFT) based process that identifies the SFO and CFO at the same time to establish successful wireless communication between the gateway and crystal-less sensor nodes.

Abstract: An amplifier is presented with a sample and average common mode feedback resistor. The amplifier circuit includes a feedback capacitor and a feedback resistor in parallel with the feedback capacitor, where the feedback capacitor and the feedback resistor form part of the negative feedback path for the amplifier. Of note, the feedback resistor is comprised of a low pass filter in series with a switched capacitor resistor, such that the low pass filter is electrically coupled to the output of the amplifier circuit and the switched capacitor resistor is electrically coupled to the inverting input of the amplifier circuit. The amplifier circuit further includes a control circuit interfaced with switches of the switched capacitor resistor. The high pass corner of the switched capacitor resistor is preferably lower than corner of the low pass filter.

Abstract: A mote includes an optical receiver that wirelessly receives a power and data signal in form of NIR light energy within a patient and converts the NIR light energy to an electrical signal having a supply voltage. A control module supplies the supply voltage to power devices of the mote. A clock generation circuit locks onto a target clock frequency based on the power and data signal and generates clock signals. A data recovery circuit sets parameters of one of the devices based on the power and data signal and a first clock signal. An amplifier amplifies a neuron signal detected via an electrode inserted in tissue of the patient. A chip identifier module, based on a second clock signal, generates a recorded data signal based on a mote chip identifier and the neuron signal. A driver transmits the recorded data signal via a LED or a RF transmitter.

Abstract: A millimeter-scale Bluetooth low energy wireless transmitter is presented with a dual purpose loop antenna. The oscillator employs a high quality factor resonator formed by a printed 3.5×3.5 mm2 inductive loop antenna (simulated Q˜110) and an on-chip digitally-switched capacitor array (simulated Q˜283). The oscillator replaces the traditional voltage controlled oscillator plus power amplifier, achieving lower power consumption while maintaining phase noise of ?118.5 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset that results in low FSK modulation error (2.1%) and low frequency drift during BLE packet transmission.

Abstract: Read alignment is a time-consuming step in genome sequencing analysis. The most widely used software for read alignment, BWA-MEM and BWA-MEM2 are based on the seed-and-extend paradigm for read alignment. The seeding step of read alignment is a major bottleneck contributing ˜38% of the overall execution time in BWA-MEM2 when aligning whole human genome. This is because BWA-MEM2 uses a compressed index structure called the FMD-Index, which results in high bandwidth requirements, primarily due to its character-by-character processing of reads. To address these challenges, a novel seeding data structure is presented along with a custom accelerator architecture for seeding.

Abstract: A system is presented for non-line-of-sight localization between RF enabled devices. A transmitting node is configured to transmit an RF ranging signal at a first carrier frequency, where the RF ranging signal is modulated with a symbol. The reflecting node is configured to receive the RF ranging signal and further operates to convert the RF ranging signal to a second carrier frequency and retransmit the converted ranging signal while simultaneously receiving the RF ranging signal. The localizing node is configured to receive the converted ranging signal from the reflecting node. The localizing node operates to identify, in frequency domain, the symbol in the converted ranging signal and compute a distance between the reflecting node and the localizing node based in part on the identified symbol in the converted ranging signal. The transmitting node and the localizing node may be on the same or different devices.

Abstract: A method is presented for aligning a read with a reference substring of a genome sequence. The method includes: receiving a banded portion of a matrix from a sequence alignment algorithm; calculating a score threshold for the banded portion of the matrix, where value of the score threshold is calculated as a function of a scoring method used by the sequence alignment algorithm; identifying a high score amongst the cells in the banded portion of the matrix; and comparing the high score to the score threshold. Performing variant calling using the banded portion of the matrix when the high score is greater than to the score threshold. Computing alignment scores for a larger portion of the matrix using the sequence alignment algorithm when the high score is less than or equal to the score threshold.

Abstract: A method is presented for aligning a read with a haplotype. The method includes: constructing an overall matrix for computing alignment probabilities between a given read and a given haplotype, calculating, during a first pass, an alignment probability for each cell in the overall matrix using Pair-HMM method, where the alignment probabilities are calculated using fixed-point arithmetic; pruning cells from the overall matrix to derive a subset of unpruned cells; and calculating, during a second pass, an alignment probability for each cell in the subset of unpruned cells using the Pair-HMM method, where the alignment probabilities are calculated using floating-point arithmetic.

Abstract: A system is presented for non-line-of-sight localization between RF enabled devices. A transmitting node is configured to transmit an RF ranging signal at a first carrier frequency, where the RF ranging signal is modulated with a symbol. The reflecting node is configured to receive the RF ranging signal and further operates to convert the RF ranging signal to a second carrier frequency and retransmit the converted ranging signal while simultaneously receiving the RF ranging signal. The localizing node is configured to receive the converted ranging signal from the reflecting node. The localizing node operates to identify, in frequency domain, the symbol in the converted ranging signal and compute a distance between the reflecting node and the localizing node based in part on the identified symbol in the converted ranging signal. The transmitting node and the localizing node may be on the same or different devices.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) circuit is present, which is particularly suitable for use in an image sensor. The ADC circuit includes a comparator and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuit. The DAC circuit includes two or more charge paths electrically coupled to the output node. Each charge path is formed by one or more charge-injection cells electrically coupled via a gain capacitor to the output node, and a charge conversion capacitor electrically coupled in parallel with the one or more charge-injection cells. Each charge-injection cell is configured to transfer a fixed amount of charge from a charge source to an associated charge path and includes at least one switch configured to isolate the charge source from the output node.

Abstract: A wireless communication device is presented for use with a sensor. The wireless communication device includes: an antenna, a driver circuit and a bias circuit. The driver circuit is electrically coupled to the antenna and includes at least one pair of cross-coupled transistors. The bias circuit is electrically coupled to the driver circuit. In a transmit mode, the bias circuit biases the driver circuit with a first bias current. In response to the first bias current, the driver circuit oscillates the antenna. In a receive mode, the bias circuit biases the driver circuit with a second bias current, such that the first bias current differs from the second bias current. In response to the second bias current, the bias circuit amplifies a signal received by the antenna.

Abstract: A sub-nW voltage reference is presented that provides inherently low process variation and enables trim-free operation for low-dropout regulators and other applications in nW microsystems. Sixty chips from three different wafers in 180 nm CMOS are measured, showing an untrimmed within-wafer ?/? of 0.26% and wafer-to-wafer ?/? of 1.9%. Measurement results also show a temperature coefficient of 48-124 ppm/° C. from ?40° C. to 85° C. Outputting a 0.986V reference voltage, the reference operates down to 1.2V and consumes 114 pW at 25° C.

Abstract: An intraocular pressure sensor is presented that achieve very low power consumption. The intraocular pressure sensor takes the form of an implantable assembly configured to be implanted in an eye of a subject. Specifically, the implantable assembly is comprised of a capsular tension ring attached to a flexible printed circuit board. The flexible printed circuit board includes a cutout that is sized to encircle the pupil of the eye and is C shaped. One or more electrical components are also mounted onto the flexible printed circuit board. One such component is a voltage reference generator that is implemented by a circuit which provides inherently low process variation and low power consumption.

Abstract: An environmental sensor implementing a sleep mode timer with an oscillator circuit suitable for low power applications is presented. The oscillator circuit includes a plurality of timer stages cascaded in series with each other. Each timer circuit includes a plurality of transistors and operates to output two voltages with opposite polarities, such that the polarities of the two voltages oscillate periodically based on leakage current in the plurality of transistors. Each timer circuit further includes one or more tuning transistors that operate to adjust a frequency at which the polarities of the voltages oscillate. A complementary-to-absolute temperature (“CTAT”) voltage generator is configured to receive a regulated voltage and supply a bias voltage to the one or more tuning transistors in each of the plurality of timer circuits, where the CTAT voltage generator adjusts the bias voltage linearly and inversely with changes in temperature.

Abstract: A wireless communication device is presented for use with a sensor. The wireless communication device includes: an antenna, a driver circuit and a bias circuit. The driver circuit is electrically coupled to the antenna and includes at least one pair of cross-coupled transistors. The bias circuit is electrically coupled to the driver circuit. In a transmit mode, the bias circuit biases the driver circuit with a first bias current. In response to the first bias current, the driver circuit oscillates the antenna. In a receive mode, the bias circuit biases the driver circuit with a second bias current, such that the first bias current differs from the second bias current. In response to the second bias current, the bias circuit amplifies a signal received by the antenna.

Abstract: A self-oscillating DC-DC converter structure is proposed in which an oscillator is completely internalized within the switched-capacitor network. This eliminates power overhead of clock generation and level shifting and enables higher efficiency at lower power levels. Voltage doublers are cascaded to form a complete energy harvester with a wide load range from 5 nW to 5 ?W and self-starting operation down to 140 mV. Because each doubler is self-oscillating, the frequency of each stage can be independently modulated, thereby optimizing the overall conversion efficiency.

Abstract: An intraocular pressure sensor is presented that achieve very low power consumption. The intraocular pressure sensor takes the form of an implantable assembly configured to be implanted in an eye of a subject. Specifically, the implantable assembly is comprised of a capsular tension ring attached to a flexible printed circuit board. The flexible printed circuit board includes a cutout that is sized to encircle the pupil of the eye and is C shaped. One or more electrical components are also mounted onto the flexible printed circuit board. One such component is a voltage reference generator that is implemented by a circuit which provides inherently low process variation and low power consumption.