Abstract: A method and apparatus for independent video and graphics scaling in a video graphics system is accomplished by receiving a video data stream, wherein the video data stream includes video data in a first format. A graphics data stream is also received, and the graphics data stream includes graphics data in a second format. The video data of the video data stream is scaled based on a ratio between the first format and a selected video format to produce a scaled video stream. Similarly, the graphics data of the graphics data stream is scaled based on a ratio between the second format and a selected graphics format in order to produce a scaled graphics stream. The scaled video stream and the scaled graphics stream are then merged to produce a video graphics output stream.

Abstract: A noise level estimation module includes a pixel block selection module for selecting a plurality of selected pixel blocks over a set of K fields of a video signal, each of the plurality of selected pixel blocks containing a plurality of pixels having corresponding pixel values. A difference calculation module calculates a block difference for each of the plurality of selected pixel blocks based on a pixel difference between the pixel value for each of the plurality of pixels and a pixel value for a corresponding pixel in an adjacent field. A signal generator generates a noise level estimation signal based on a subset of M block differences for the plurality of pixel blocks, wherein M is greater than one.

Abstract: A video encoder includes a receiving module for receiving a video signal, the video signal including a plurality of fields, wherein each of the plurality of fields includes a plurality of pixels. The video encoder further includes a signal processor having a signal processing module for generating a processed video signal and a video encoding module for producing an encoded video signal based on the processed video signal. The signal processing module includes a video filter module that is enabled when a filter enable signal is asserted and disabled when the filter enable signal is deasserted. The video filter module filters at least one of the plurality of pixels of a corresponding one of the plurality of fields when the video filter module is enabled.

Abstract: A reflow encapsulant is used with substrate and an electronic device. The encapsulant is configured to cure when the assembly is heated so as to reflow solder bumps connecting the substrate and electronic device. The encapsulant includes inorganic filler in an amount of 8% to 20% by weight. The amount of filler provided is sufficiently high to lower the CTE of the encapsulant so as to enhance cured material properties and prevent undue expansion and solder joint damage, but low enough so that the solder joints are not affected by filler particles during reflow.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing DVD video data and sub-picture data is accomplished by storing a line of DVD video data and at least a partially decoded portion of DVD sub-picture data. The partially decoded DVD sub-picture data is still in an encoded format, which may be two bits per pixel, but line information has been decoded from the DVD subpicture data stream. Once stored, the DVD video data is retrieved from the memory and scaled to produce scaled video data. Similarly, the partially decoded sub-picture data is retrieved from memory, further decoded, and scaled to produce scaled sub-picture data. The scaled video data is blended with the scaled sub-picture data to produce a video output.

Abstract: An integrated graphics processor provides a type of universal programmable synchronization signal generation that provides a plurality of different formats of display synchronization signals. In one embodiment, the integrated graphics processor includes a graphic and video blender that mixes image layers together prior to output for display. The graphics and video blender receives graphics and video data obtained from a frame buffer that may contain multiple formats of data, such as data in different color spaces, such as in a YUV color space (i.e., as per ITU-R BT709 or ITU-R BT 601), and in RGB color space. The integrated graphics processor also includes an integrated (internal or on-chip) programmable embedded synchronization signal generator operatively coupled to the graphic and video blender, to provide a plurality of different formats of display synchronization signals for blended information based on a type of display device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is presented for combining multiple data elements to produce resultant data elements, where the data elements used for combination are reused after being loaded into memory on an integrated circuit. The apparatus includes a memory, where the memory stores a plurality of lines of data. The apparatus further includes a circular line buffer operably coupled to the memory, where the circular line buffer stores a plurality of line elements from a portion of the plurality of lines of data. A read addressing block operably coupled to the circular line buffer generates a number of read pointers corresponding to the circular line buffer. Each of the read pointers is used to address the circular line buffer to retrieve one of the data elements from a different line stored in the circular line buffer. A combination block combines the line elements selected by the read pointers to produce a result element.

Abstract: A reflow encapsulant is used with substrate and an electronic device. The encapsulant is configured to cure when the assembly is heated so as to reflow solder bumps connecting the substrate and electronic device. The encapsulant includes inorganic filler in an amount of 8% to 20% by weight. The amount of filler provided is sufficiently high to lower the CTE of the encapsulant so as to enhance cured material properties and prevent undue expansion and solder joint damage, but low enough so that the solder joints are not affected by filler particles during reflow.

Abstract: A vibration damper is described. A vibration damper with a high dampening ability is required for a scanner because of the requirement of the 0.18 &mgr;m size devices. The vibration damper is placed between a machine and a floor. The vibration damper has an I-shaped girder structure and a material filling the space between the floor and I-shaped girder structure. A support element having two layers of latticed armatures is mounted on the I-shaped girder structure. The support element is filled with cement. A layer of vibration absorber is placed on the cement.

Abstract: The lines or stations of a multi-line office telephone system are sequentially examined to detect a hold tone signal of a specified frequency or frequencies on one or more of the lines. The lines are examined for increasingly longer time periods in accordance with the type of energy sensed at each line. If the line is not active or connected in a first brief period, the scanner then proceeds to examine the next line for a hold tone signal. If wide-band energy is not detected on the line in a second, longer period, the examination of the line is terminated and the scan process is continued to the next line. If wide-band energy above a threshold is detected on the line in a third, still longer period, the detected energy is further examined to determine whether this energy includes a valid hold tone signal. If a hold tone signal is detected on a line, the line is scanned again to detect the removal of the hold tone signal therefrom, whereupon a hold status is assigned to the line.