Abstract: The present invention relates to a stable blended diesel fuel comprising an olefinic diesel fuel blending stock. The olefinic diesel fuel blending stock of the invention comprises olefins in an amount of 2 to 80 weight percent, non-olefins in an amount of 20 to 98 weight percent wherein the non-olefins are substantially comprised of paraffins, oxygenates in an amount of at least 0.012 weight percent and sulfur in an amount of less than 1 ppm. To provide acceptable stability, the blended diesel fuel comprising the olefinic diesel fuel blending stock comprises a sulfur-free antioxidant. The blended diesel fuel comprising the olefinic diesel fuel blending stock and sulfur-free antioxidant added has a peroxide content of less than 5 ppm when stored at 60° C. for 4 weeks. The present invention also relates to processes for making the stable blended diesel fuel and olefinic diesel fuel blending stocks as defined above.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an olefinic naphtha and a process for producing lower olefinc from this naphtha. In the process of the present invention for producing lower olefins, preferably ethylene, at least a portion of a hydrocarbon asset is converted to synthesis gas and at least a portion of the synthesis gas is converted to an olefinic naphtha by a Fischer-Tropsch process. At least a portion of the olefinic naphtha is converted in a naphtha cracker to a product stream comprising lower olefins, and at least a portion of the lower olefins from the product stream of the cracker are recovered.

Abstract: A Fischer-Tropsch C3-C4 olefin stream is simultaneously dehydrated and isomerized to convert alcohols to olefins and 1-butenes to 2-butenes and thereby lower the oxygenate content. Another Fischer-Tropsch fraction is hydrotreated and hydrocracked to provide an isobutane stream. The treated C3-C4 olefin stream having an oxygenate content less than 4000 ppm, is reacted with the isobutane stream to provide a highly branched, high octane isoparaffinic alkylate. The alkylate is useful as a blending component in motor gasoline.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for upgrading Fischer-Tropsch products comprising oxygenates, C6+ olefins, and optionally heteroatom impurities such as nitrogen compounds, by contacting the product stream with acidic olefin cracking catalyst. This acidic olefin cracking catalyst converts the oxygenates and C6+ olefins in the Fischer-Tropsch product to form valuable light olefins such as propylene, butenes, and some pentenes, while leaving paraffins in the Fischer-Tropsch product largely unreacted. The light olefins formed can easily be separated and used for a variety of purposes.

Abstract: Methods for removing sulfur from syngas in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor, and reactors including means for removing sulfur from syngas are disclosed. Sulfur-reactive metals can be used in the Fischer-Tropsch unit to sequester the sulfur. For example, the Fischer-Tropsch unit can be run in stages, using a sacrificial catalyst in a first stage to adsorb the sulfur. The Fischer-Tropsch reactor can include internal baffles that separate the reactor into zones, with a sacrificial catalyst in one or more of the zones, that can be easily sequestered and regenerated or replaced. Sulfur adsorbents can be placed in the inlet gas manifold. A portion of the Fischer-Tropsch catalyst can be converted into larger size pellets that do not fluidize with the firer grain Fischer-Tropsch catalyst and remain near the gas inlet where they adsorb and sequester the sulfur. These embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner to lower the sulfur concentration in the syngas feed.

Abstract: A Fischer-Tropsch C3-C4 olefin stream is treated to lower the oxygenate content to below 4000 ppm. Another Fischer-Tropsch fraction is hydrotreated and hydrocracked to provide an isobutane-containing stream. The treated C3-C4 olefin stream is reacted with the isobutane stream in an alkylation reactor to provide a highly branched, high octane isoparaffinic alkylate. The alkylate is useful as a blending component in motor gasoline.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for upgrading Fischer-Tropsch products comprising oxygenates, C6+ olefins, and optionally heteroatom impurities such as nitrogen compounds, by contacting the product stream with acidic olefin cracking catalyst. This acidic olefin cracking catalyst converts the oxygenates and C6+ olefins in the Fischer-Tropsch product to form valuable light olefins such as propylene, butenes, and some pentenes, while leaving paraffins in the Fischer-Tropsch product largely unreacted. The light olefins formed can easily be separated and used for a variety of purposes.

Abstract: Unreacted syngas containing CO2 from a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor, a methanol synthesis reactor or a dual functional syngas conversion is scrubbed with an aqueous medium to adsorb at least some of the CO2. At least a portion of the unreacted CO2-depleted syngas is then recycled to the reactor. The aqueous medium containing absorbed CO2 is treated to desorb CO2. A CO2-enriched stream and a CO2-depleted stream are recovered. A portion of the CO2-enriched stream may be recycled to a syngas generator while another portion is dissolved in an aqueous phase and disposed in a marine environment and/or a terrestrial formation. The CO2-depleted stream preferably is used in the scrubber to absorb CO2 from the unreacted syngas. The process reduces the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere while improving the over-all efficiency of the syngas conversion process.

Abstract: Olefins and alcohols present in Fischer-Tropsch light naphthas are converted to dialkyl ethers of the formula: R—O—R′ where R and R′ are each primarily non-tertiary alkyl groups of more than four carbon atoms, via hydration of the olefins to alcohols followed by dehydration of the alcohols. Ethers may also form by direct reaction of olefins and alcohols. The ethers are separated from the remaining paraffins in the naphtha by distillation and added in an amount of 1-25 wt. % to paraffinic mid-distillate fuel components obtained by hydrotreating a Fischer-Tropsch product. The properties of the distillate fuel components such as lubricity and seal swell are improved by the dialkyl ethers. The removal of olefins and alcohols from the naphthas reduces refining and lead to a more salable product.

Abstract: Olefins and alcohols present in Fischer-Tropsch products are converted to primary and secondary alkyl alcohols having at least four carbons through acid catalyzed etherification and hydrolysis reactions. The alcohols are added to a highly isoparaffinic distillate fuel blend, improving the lubricity of the mixture, and forming a distillate fuel with improved lubricity.

Abstract: A process for removing CO2 from a CO2-containing gas. The process includes scrubbing CO2 from a CO2-containing gas using an aqueous phase liquid forming a CO2-enriched aqueous phase. The CO2-enriched aqueous phase is then disposed of in at least one of a marine environment, a terrestrial formation or combination thereof.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed toward systems and methods of providing a low-emissions diesel fuel for use in cold climates. Such fuels may be prepared by a Fischer-Tropsch process and include a pour point depressant. Furthermore, the fuel is used in conjunction with a heated fuel delivery system so that low cloud points are not necessary. Fuels prepared according to embodiments of the present invention may be produced in higher yields than otherwise possible because a higher paraffin wax content can be tolerated, thus obviating the need to remove or exclude the wax. These fuels are characterized by a sulfur content less than 1 ppm, a cetane number greater than 60, an aromatics content less than 1 wt %, and a difference between the cloud and pour points that is greater than about 5° C. The present fuel may be prepared by a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis from any number of carbon-containing sources such natural gas, coal, petroleum products, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Light olefins including LPG contained in unreacted tail gas from a Fischer-Tropsch process are catalytically condensed using an acidic oligomerization/aromatization catalyst to form higher molecular weight C5+ products. Thus, C3-C4 olefins are readily separated from the tail gas and upgraded to more valuable products. In one embodiment, the condensation is conducted on a mixed gas stream of fresh synthesis gas and tail gas from a Fischer-Tropsch process. In another embodiment, the condensation is conducted on a syngas feed to a Fischer-Tropsch reactor and removes a significant portion of catalytically poisonous nitrogen compounds.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for preparing a blended lube base oils comprising at least one highly paraffinic Fischer Tropsch lube base stocks and at least one base stock composed of alkylaromatics, alkylcycloparaffins, or mixtures thereof. The use of base stocks composed of alkylaromatics, alkylcycloparaffins, or mixtures thereof improves the yield of lube base oils from Fischer Tropsch facilities, as well as provides moderate improvements in physical properties including additive solubility. The invention provides processes for obtaining such blended lube base oils using the products of Fischer Tropsch processes.

Abstract: A process for making a lube base stock wherein a highly paraffinic feedstock is dehydrogenated to produce an olefinic feedstock. That olefinic feedstock is contacted with an oligomerization catalyst in an oligomerization zone to produce a product having a higher number average molecular weight than the olefinic feedstock. The product is separated into a light byproduct fraction and a heavy product fraction. The heavy product fraction comprises a lube base stock.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for converting synthesis gas into hydrocarbonaceous products including the steps of: (a) subjecting a first portion of synthesis gas to a dual functional syngas conversion process to form a first effluent comprising a first hydrocarbonaceous product including aromatics and iso-paraffins; (b) subjecting a second portion of synthesis gas to a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process to form a second effluent comprising a second hydrocarbonaceous product including linear paraffins and linear olefins; and (c) alkylating the linear olefins with the iso-paraffins to produce high octane gasoline range alkylate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of inhibiting growth and reproduction of microorganisms in rapidly biodegradable hydrocarbonaceous products, containing minor amounts of aqueous liquids. The present invention also relates to rapidly biodegradable hydrocarbonaceous products containing an effective amount of a petroleum-derived hydrocarbonaceous product such that the rapidly biodegradable hydrocarbonaceous product resists visible growth of microorganisms.

Abstract: Provided is a process for reducing CO2 emissions generated by a Fischer-Tropsch GTL facility. The process includes introducing a synthesis gas into a Fischer-Tropsch reactor and performing a Fischer-Tropsch process to produce a Fischer-Tropsch product and CO2. At least a portion of the CO2 from the Fischer-Tropsch reactor is fed into at least one of a feed stream being fed to a synthesis gas formation reactor, producing the synthesis gas, or the synthesis gas being fed into the Fischer-Tropsch reactor. In addition, naphtha is obtained from the Fischer-Tropsch product and is fed into a naphtha reformer. Naphtha reforming is conducted, generating hydrogen by-product and C6-C10 product. At least a portion of the hydrogen by-product, generated during naphtha reforming, is fed into the feed stream, converting at least a portion of the CO2 in the feed stream into additional CO. Finally, the additional CO is converted into hydrocarbons in the Fischer-Tropsch reactor.

Abstract: A process for making a lube base stock wherein an olefinic feedstock is separated into a light olefin fraction and a medium olefin fraction. The light olefin fraction is contacted with a first oligomerization catalyst in a first oligomerization zone to produce a first product. Both the medium olefin fraction and the first product are contacted with a second oligomerization catalyst in a second oligomerization zone to produce a second product. The second product is separated into a light byproduct fraction and a heavy product fraction that includes hydrocarbons in the lube base stock range.

Abstract: Methods for removing sulfur from syngas in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor, and reactors including means for removing sulfur from syngas are disclosed. Sulfur-reactive metals can be used in the Fischer-Tropsch unit to sequester the sulfur. For example, the Fischer-Tropsch unit can be run in stages, using a sacrificial catalyst in a first stage to adsorb the sulfur. The Fischer-Tropsch reactor can include internal baffles that separate the reactor into zones, with a sacrificial catalyst in one or more of the zones, that can be easily sequestered and regenerated or replaced. Sulfur adsorbents can be placed in the inlet gas manifold. A portion of the Fischer-Tropsch catalyst can be converted into larger size pellets that do not fluidize with the finer grain Fischer-Tropsch catalyst and remain near the gas inlet where they adsorb and sequester the sulfur. These embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner to lower the sulfur concentration in the syngas feed.