Abstract: A method of protecting a circuit arrangement for processing data, particularly a microprocessor, preferably a smart card controller, in which circuit arrangement, during and/or at the end of manufacturing this circuit arrangement and for the purpose of manufacturing control scan tests, a shift register chain is formed by combining memory cells of the circuit arrangement, preferably memory cells formed as flip-flops, in a predetermined configuration from these memory cells, by means of this shift register chain and/or another shift register chain formed in the circuit arrangement, arbitrary states are generated in the memory cells of the circuit arrangement and evaluated in a predetermined way for testing the functional capability of the memory cells of the circuit arrangement loaded with these states, after ending the manufacturing control scan test, the shift register chain is made unusable.

Abstract: A signal interpolator comprises a fractional interpolator and a numeric controlled oscillator. The numeric controlled oscillator may generate a control signal for controlling the fractional interpolator. The numeric controlled oscillator generally comprises a register, a modulo-M device, and an adder. The register may hold a count value, and the modulo-M device may apply a modulo-M function to the count value to generate the control signal therefrom. The adder may add an increment value to the modulo-M signal from the modulo-M device, to update the count value in the register.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement, particularly for electronically processing and/or storing digital signals, the circuit arrangement comprising at least one programmable switching device (referred to as “fuse”) for permanently switching off predetermined parts of the circuit arrangement, at least one of the fuses having a multistage structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a configuration for the transmission of signals from generating functional units to processing functional units of electrical circuits, which can be used to prevent the interception of information being exchanged between two functional units that are located separately in the layout.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for the manufacture of mask-programmed ROMs while utilizing a mask comprising a plurality of systems, as well as to a corresponding computer program product and to a corresponding computer-readable storage medium which can be used notably for optimizing the protection against attacks by hackers by individualizing the ROM code masks during the manufacture of ROMs with security-relevant data.

Abstract: The invention describes a method and an arrangement for preventing unauthorized execution of computer programs and a corresponding software product and a corresponding computer-legible storage medium which can be used in particular to secure self-tests based on the test ROM in Smartcards against unauthorized execution of these tests. The evaluation of the test procedure takes place by means of a signature register which records all code and data transfers and encrypts these together. The execution of the test ROM is generally regarded as highly security-relevant and is subject to various protective measures e.g. fuses. The invention extends these protective measures in that, on execution of the test ROM, new signatures are generated in the register. During the program execution of the test ROM, the content (or an individual bit) of the signature register is compared with a signal supplied via an I/O pad. If the bit from the signature register and the externally entered signal differ, a reset is triggered.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for the verification of NV fuses as well as to a corresponding computer program product and to a corresponding computer-readable storage medium which can be used notably for the detection of attacks on the smart card security which modify EEPROM contents and hence also the contents of EEPROM fuses.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for controlling access to EEPROMs' and to a corresponding computer software product and a corresponding computer-readable storage medium, which can in particular be used to prevent the unauthorized manipulation of EEPROMs. Specifically, it is possible by using the invention to stop the unauthorized use of totally erased EEPROMs on smart-card controllers.

Abstract: To provide an electric or electronic circuit arrangement (100) as well as a method of detecting and/or identifying and/or recording at least an access violation, particularly at least a memory access violation, in a microcontroller provided particularly for a chip card or smart card, with which the source causing this access violation (referred to as break source) as well as the code address occurring upon this violation can be detected and/or identified and/or recorded when an access violation occurs during the program run, the circuit arrangement comprises

Abstract: A method of protecting a circuit arrangement for processing data, particularly a microprocessor, preferably a smart card controller, in which circuit arrangement, during and/or at the end of manufacturing this circuit arrangement and for the purpose of manufacturing control scan tests,

Abstract: Spherically shaped polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL) polymer particles are prepared encapsulating a magnetic colloid that provides the particles with magnetic properties for use in binding biomolecules. The particles have a size of 1-10 &mgr;m that makes them particularly suitable for use in cell separation/sorting, cleaning biosubstances in suspension and diagnostic assays. The particles are prepared by dispersing a magnetic colloid containing a magnetic material such as a ferromagnetic or superparamagnetic substance in an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol containing reactive hydroxyl groups, adding the resultant mixture to an organic phase containing a mixture of at least two emulsifiers, and adding a water-soluble cross-linking agent such as a dialdehyde that reacts with the hydroxyl groups of polyvinyl alcohol to form the polymer particles. The emulsifiers are miscible in the polyvinyl alcohol solution, and at least one emulsifier is semi-hydrophilic and at least one emulsifier is lipophilic.

Abstract: A multi-ply three-dimensionally bonded textile fabric is provided, to be used especially in making protective space suits, protective space shielding and other protective garments or shields. The fabric is a three-dimensionally woven, knitted, netted, braided or otherwise interlocked structure of threads including organic fibers such as aramid, polyethylene and/or polytetrafluoroethylene fibers and preferably also metallic fibers such as copper, aluminum and/or stainless steel fibers. These fibers are chosen to provide protection against adverse thermal, chemical, electrical and mechanical environmental effects that may be hazardous to an astronaut, for example. The fibers are arranged substantially in respective plies, and each ply is bonded or interlocked only to respective adjacent plies over substantially the entire ply area to provide a flexible multi-ply fabric. The threads are arranged to provide a gradient or variation in characteristics or properties from an outer surface to an inner surface.