Abstract: Tellurium catalysts containing at least iron, tellurium and molybdenum plus one of nickel, cobalt or magnesium have been discovered to be especially useful for ammoxidation reactions.

Abstract: Catalysts comprising the combined oxides of vanadium and at least one element selected from the group consisting of boron, niobium, tantalum, antimony, tungsten and chromium have been found to be especially effective in the oxidation of n-butane, n-butenes and butadiene, or a mixture thereof with molecular oxygen in the vapor phase to yield maleic anhydride. The catalysts of the present invention may be further promoted with additional elements to enhance activity, stability and selectivity. The reaction with n-butane gives an especially pure product in good yield and selectivity.

Abstract: Aromatic esters are formed directly from aromatic aldehydes by reacting the aldehyde with molecular oxygen and an alcohol in the presence of a heterogeneous molybdenum oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: In the manufacture of a complex bismuth molybdate catalyst, bismuth molybdate is preformed prior to addition to the other ingredients in the catalyst.

Abstract: Certain catalysts containing iron, bismuth and molybdenum plus nickel, cobalt, manganese, magnesium, zinc, cadmium or calcium have been found to give especially large volumes of acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile in a given time when germanium, tin, copper, silver, chromium, ruthenium, titanium, tungsten and/or beryllium are incorporated into the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for the oxidation of olefins to unsaturated aldehydes and acids using a catalyst containing iron, bismuth, molybdenum plus at least one of nickel, cobalt, magnesium, zinc, cadmium or calcium and according to the invention, an element selected from germanium, cerium, thorium, manganese, niobium, chromium, praseodymium, yttrium, zirconium, ruthenium, gallium, tin, indium, copper, lanthanum, tantalum or tungsten. These catalysts may also contain certain elements that further enhance the desirability of the oxidation process.

Abstract: Certain catalysts containing iron and molybdenum plus bismuth or tellurium and nickel, cobalt, manganese, magnesium, zinc, cadmium, calcium or beryllium have been found to give especially large volumes of acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile in a given time when boron, gallium or indium are incorporated into the catalyst.

Abstract: Catalysts containing tungsten, phosphorus, vanadium, molybdenum, and promoted with at least one of the elements selected from the group selected from Sn, As, Cu, Ce, B, Cr, Fe, Ni, Co, U, Mn, Ag, Ru, Rh, Cd, Sr, In, Zn, and La have been found to be especially effective for the oxidation of unsaturated aldehydes to form the corresponding unsaturated acid.

Abstract: Catalysts containing iron, bismuth, molybdenum plus nickel, cobalt, magnesium, zinc, cadmium, strontium or calcium are promoted with yttrium, zirconium, silver, sulfur, cerium, thorium, praseodymium, ruthenium, gallium, niobium, germanium, chromium, tin, manganese, indium, copper, tellurium, lanthanum, tantalum, tungsten or mixture thereof to give extremely desirable catalysts for various oxidation reactions.

Abstract: Multicomponent complex oxide catalysts based on bismuth molybdate, for example, are made by a technique in which the bismuth molybdate portion of the catalyst is preformed prior to combining with the remaining elements of the catalyst.

Abstract: Catalysts containing iron, molybdenum, bismuth and nickel, cobalt, magnesium, zinc, cadmium, calcium or beryllium have been found to give especially large volumes of acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile in a given time when manganese, antimony, thorium, zirconium, yttrium or mixtures thereof are incorporated into the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention is molybdate catalysts composed of the combined oxides of the elements antimony, molybdenum and at least one member selected from the group consisting of iron and vanadium and optionally one or more oxides of aluminum, boron, tellurium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, copper, bismuth, phosphorus and tungsten.

Abstract: Catalysts containing tungsten, phosphorus, vanadium and molybdenum have been found to be especially effective for the oxidation of unsaturated aldehydes to form the corresponding unsaturated acid. These catalysts may optionally contain one or more of tin, antimony, arsenic, copper, cerium, boron, chromium, iron, nickel, cobalt, uranium, manganese, strontium, silver, rubidium, rhodium, cadmium, bismuth, indium, zinc and lanthanum.

Abstract: Maleic anhydride is produced by the reaction of n-butane with a molecular oxygen-containing gas at an elevated temperature in the presence of a catalyst composed of the combined oxides of the elements antimony, molybdenum and at least one member selected from the group consisting of iron and vanadium and optionally one or more oxides of aluminum, boron, tellurium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, copper, bismuth, phosphorus titanium and tungsten.

Abstract: Catalysts comprising the combined oxides of vanadium and at least one element selected from the group consisting of boron, niobium, tantalum, antimony, tungsten and chromium have been found to be especially effective in the oxidation of n-butane, n-butenes and butadiene, or a mixture thereof with molecular oxygen in the vapor phase to yield maleic anhydride. The catalysts of the present invention may be further promoted with additional elements to enhance activity, stability and selectivity. The reaction with n-butane gives an especially pure product in good yield and selectivity.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for the oxidation of olefins to unsaturated aldehydes and acids using a catalyst containing iron, bismuth, molybdenum plus at least one of nickel, cobalt, magnesium, zinc, cadmium or calcium and according to the invention, an element selected from germanium, cerium, thorium, manganese, niobium, chromium, praseodymium, yttrium, zirconium, ruthenium, gallium, tin, indium, copper, lanthanum, tantalum or tungsten. These catalysts may also contain certain elements that further enhance the desirability of the oxidation process.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic oxidation of olefins to unsaturated aldehydes and acids and the ammoxidation of olefins to unsaturated nitriles in which the catalyst comprises a promoted, reduced, antimony oxide-molybdenum oxide-containing catalyst.

Abstract: Catalysts containing molybdenum, bismuth, iron and nickel, cobalt, magnesium, zinc, cadmium, manganese, calcium or mixture thereof are promoted by chromium, tellurium, germanium, tungsten, manganese, thorium, niobium, praseodymin, cerium, lanthanum, zinc or mixture thereof to give highly desirable catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of olefins of 4 to about 10 carbon atoms.