Abstract: A routing device includes a controller configured to establish a first forwarding state for an initial packet of a flow of packets to one or more of a plurality of instances of a service function and receive a packet of the flow of packets. If the received packet does not match a second forwarding state for subsequent packets of the flow of packets, the routing device establishes the second forwarding state to a particular one of the one or more of a plurality of instances of the service function, and prepares to send the received packet to a next hop in accordance with the first forwarding state. If the received packet matches the second forwarding state, the routing device prepares to send the received packet to the next hop in accordance with the second forwarding state.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and systems are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method implemented by an end user device to decompose an application at runtime includes collecting profile information regarding local executions of the application on the end user device and determining, by the end user device using the collected profile information, one or more microservice patterns to decompose a whole or a part of the application into at runtime. The method further includes partitioning, by the end user device at runtime, the application into: (1) a locally executed portion of the application to be executed by the end user device and (2) the determined microservice patterns to be locally executed by the end user device or remotely executed by an external entity in communication with the end user device.

Abstract: An edge termination point (ETP) transport protocol between two or more ETPs in a network, such as a Layer 2 transport network, may be provided. A device may receive an incoming internet protocol (IP) transaction at an edge termination point (ETP) in a network. The device may terminate the received incoming IP transaction at the ETP. The device may map the terminated incoming IP transaction onto an ETP-to-ETP communication. The device may control the ETP-to-ETP communication. For example, the device may control the ETP-to-ETP communication based on a resource management regime. The device may map the ETP-to-ETP communication onto one or more outgoing IP transactions at the ETP. The device may map the IP transaction onto an ETP-ETP communication. The ETP-ETP communication may include one or more ETP flows and one or more ETP transactions.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for Layer-2 forwarding of multicast packets are disclosed. In an example, a method implemented in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) for wireless communications includes receiving a first packet comprising a request for content available at the WTRU, determining at least one outstanding request for the same content, and determining multicast path information of the at least one outstanding request. The method further includes generating a second packet and setting a destination Medium Access Control (MAC) address to a broadcast (BC) MAC address in the second packet, adding a proxy rule identifier (PRID) corresponding to the request into a payload of the second packet, and forwarding the second packet to another WTRU.

Abstract: System and methods are described to register FQDN-based IP service endpoints at network attachment points. One embodiment takes the form of a method comprising: receiving, at a server-side network access point (sNAP) in an information-centric network (ICN), a registration request including a first fully qualified domain name (FQDN), a port, a transport protocol, and a service name of an IP server; publishing, at the sNAP, the port, the transport protocol, and the service name to a first content identifier (CID); and subscribing, at the sNAP, to a second CID that is based on the FQDN.

Abstract: A method and a first network access point (NAP) in an Information Centric Network (ICN) is disclosed. The first NAP is configured to receive a request for a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) resource from a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). The first NAP is configured to request the HTTP resource from a first server. The first NAP is configured to receive an error message. The error message may indicate that the HTTP resource is not available from the first server. The first NAP is configured to request the HTTP resource from a second NAP. The first NAP is configured to receive the HTTP resource from the second NAP. The first NAP is configured to send the HTTP resource to the WTRU.

Abstract: A Network Access Point (NAP) in an ICN may have multiple clients requesting the same resource. Instead of sending multiple link-local unicast transmissions, the multiple clients may subscribe to a response bucket based on their unicast address and the NAP may send a multicast response to the group based on previously issued HTTP requests. The response bucket may contain multiple clients attached to the NAP. A multicast address of the response bucket may be used by the NAP to send the multicast response. A class D octet in the multicast group address may be derived from a class C octet of the individual client IP addresses.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, architectures and interfaces for a Device Packaging Entity (DPE) for dynamically packaging a set of resources for a transient device (TD) providing a user experience (UX). A method may include any of: determining services, devices, and resources, constituting the TD according to UX requirements associated with the UX or a Dynamic Programming model (DPM) of the UX; receiving configuration information associated with: (1) resources, and (2) devices associated with resources, available for services associated with providing the UX; selecting the set of resources for the TD according to: (1) required services or resources, associated with providing the UX, and (2) the configuration information, and (3) a set of resources satisfying requirements associated with the UX and the DP model; transmitting an instantiation message for configuring the selected set of resources for the TD; and transmitting and receiving information associated with the selected set of resources.

Abstract: Some embodiments include systems, methods, and devices for enabling communication between at least two internet protocol (IP)-only wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs), at least one of which is connected to an information centric network (ICN). The WTRU may send a generic attribute registration multicast registration protocol (GMRP) request on a local IP link to an information centric network (ICN) network attachment point (NAP). The NAP may receive and register the GMRP request with an internal data-base (DB) along with an IP multicast address entry matching the GMRP request. The WTRU may then send an IP multicast packet to the NAP for dissemination to an IP multicast group over an ICN by encapsulating the IP multicast packet in an ICN packet.

Abstract: One disclosed method includes loading, at a mobile device, a mobile application package from a repository, where the mobile application package contains local application information including local application components and service deployment information. The method further includes (i) extracting, by a package installer on the mobile device, from the mobile application package, the local application information and the service deployment information, (ii) installing, with the package installer, the local application components on the mobile device, (iii) transmitting, from the mobile device to a remote node in a Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) infrastructure, image information to initiate a service deployment, and (iv) and receiving a result of the service deployment at the mobile device.

Abstract: A device may be configured to receive, process, forward, and/or respond to one or more resource queries. For example, the device may determine whether multiple queries are satisfied by a multicast response. The device may receive a first query and a second query directed to a resource, The first and the second query may comprise a structure proxy rule identifier (sPRID). The device may determine the similarity between the two queries. For example, the similarity determination may be based on the sPRID of the two queries. The device may determine whether a response that satisfies the first query also satisfies the second query, which may be based on a response to the first query and information comprised within the sPRID of the two queries. If the response satisfies both queries, the device may multicast the response.

Abstract: A device may be configured to receive, process, forward, and/or respond to one or more resource queries. For example, the device may determine whether multiple queries are satisfied by a multicast response. The device may receive a first query and a second query directed to a resource, The first and the second query may comprise a structure proxy rule identifier (sPRID). The device may determine the similarity between the two queries. For example, the similarity determination may be based on the sPRID of the two queries. The device may determine whether a response that satisfies the first query also satisfies the second query, which may be based on a response to the first query and information comprised within the sPRID of the two queries. If the response satisfies both queries, the device may multicast the response.

Abstract: A network access point (NAP) of a second type of network is configured to receive a first type of packet from a device configured to operate in only a first type of network. The NAP is configured to determine an appropriate namespace for the first type of packet based on an address of an intended destination of the first type of packet. The NAP is configured to encapsulate the first type of packet into a second type of packet for use in the second type of network. The NAP is configured to route the second type of packet to a plurality of devices subscribed to the namespace in the second type of network.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed to communicate with subscribers in an information-centric networking environment. A WTRU may store a first path from the WTRU to a first subscriber and a second path from the WTRU to a second subscriber. A message from a topology manager may be received. The message may indicate a change to a network topology. In response to a determination that the change to the network topology relates to the first path and does not relate to the second path, the WTRU may remove the first path from the memory and maintain the second path in the memory. The WTRU may send a request to the topology manager for a third path to replace the first path that was removed from memory. In response to the above determination, a portion of the first path may be removed and replaced according to the above mechanism.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for addressing one or more approaches to path based forwarding is described. A packet frame format for a suitable layer may be used for the delivery of layer 2 packets across User Plane Functions (UPFs). Forwarding the packet frame format from an originating source wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) over a first UPF to a second UPF, where the second UPF may then send the packet to a destination WTRU. The forwarding may be achieved by suitably swapping information for link-local layer 2 delivery at traversing UPFs. Further, path computation may be performed for registered layer 2 and above services in layer 2 forwarding. Also, forwarding HTTP/IP-over-ICN use cases for HTTP/IP communication over 5G native L2 bearer may be implemented.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for Layer-2 forwarding of multicast packets are disclosed. In an example, a method implemented in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) for wireless communications includes receiving a first packet comprising a request for content available at the WTRU, determining at least one outstanding request for the same content, and determining multicast path information of the at least one outstanding request. The method further includes generating a second packet and setting a destination Medium Access Control (MAC) address to a broadcast (BC) MAC address in the second packet, adding a proxy rule identifier (PRID) corresponding to the request into a payload of the second packet, and forwarding the second packet to another WTRU.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for enhancing performance of multi-path communications. Multi-path communication performance may be enhanced by determining whether multipath communications share a congested router. A multi-path real-time communication protocol may provide techniques to prevent, detect, communicate and respond to a shared congested router. A shared congested router may be prevented, and/or detected using one or more detection techniques.

Abstract: Pinning service function chains to specific points of execution (e.g., service instances) in a network system may be provided. Available service instances may be solicited from service hosts. The service hosts may be exposed under a context identifier (e.g., a slicing identifier or a device identifier). A subset of the available service instances may be selected to serve a client. The client may be identified by a client-specific identifier. The selected service hosts may be instructed to register the selected service instances under a name that ties the client identifier and the service function identifier into a single name. The client may use the single name to initiate a service function chain. Service function instances may initiate a next hop in the named service function chain through using the client identifier derived from an incoming request.

Abstract: Methods and systems anchor hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) level communication in an information-centric networking (ICN) network. Both content requests and responses to servers within the ICN network and to servers located outside the ICN network, in an IP network for example, are disclosed. Communication may be between two IP capable only devices at the HTTP level, one connected to an ICN network while the other one is connected either to an ICN or IP network. The disclosed namespace 200 enables IP based HTTP communication within the ICN network. An information-centric networking (ICN) network attachment point (NAP) or border gateway (BGW) may receive an HTTP request packet and encapsulate the received HTTP request packet. The ICN NAP/BGW may then forward the HTTP request packet towards the local ICN network servers. The HTTP request packet may be published to a named content identifier (CID) that may be determined through a hash function of a fully qualified domain name (FQDN).

Abstract: One disclosed method includes loading, at a mobile device, a mobile application package from a repository, where the mobile application package contains local application information including local application components and service deployment information. The method further includes (i) extracting, by a package installer on the mobile device, from the mobile application package, the local application information and the service deployment information, (ii) installing, with the package installer, the local application components on the mobile device, (iii) transmitting, from the mobile device to a remote node in a Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) infrastructure, image information to initiate a service deployment, and (iv) and receiving a result of the service deployment at the mobile device.