Abstract: A p-type NiO conducting film for an organic solar cell, a preparation method thereof, and an organic solar cell using the same and having enhanced power conversion efficiency, are provided, wherein the NiO conducting film is fabricated by vacuum sputtering in which nickel or nickel oxide is used as a target material, and argon, oxygen or the mixed gas of the argon and the oxygen is supplied. The p-type NiO conducting film may be easily prepared by vacuum sputtering, and since a n-type conducting film is prepared by simply coating sol-phase precursor solution, the NiO conducting film and the organic solar cells having the NiO conducting film in the order of the NiO conducting film, a photoactive layer, and a n-type conducting film, have enhanced electric energy conversion. As a result, the provided disclosure is useful particularly when applied in organic solar cells and organic light emitting devices.

Abstract: A multi-layer thin film for encapsulation and the method thereof are provided. The multi-layer thin film for encapsulation includes a protective layer composed of aluminum oxide, a single or double barrier layer composed of silicon nitride (SiNx), and a mechanical protective layer composed of silicon dioxide (SiO2). The multi-layer thin film can be economically fabricated by using the existing equipment, and has a high level of light transmission over 85% while showing a low level of oxygen and moisture penetration. Additionally, due to superior adhesive strength between the thin films, and high resistance against impacts by heat or ion during a fabricating process, reliability of fabrication is enhanced, and it can thus efficiently used in encapsulating an organic light-emitting device (OLED), a flexible organic light emitting device (FOLED) in a display field, and the cells such as a thin film battery and a solar cell.

Abstract: A vapor deposition source has a reduced size by disposing a crucible, a heating portion, and a nozzle portion in one defined space. A vapor deposition apparatus deposits deposition materials on a substrate using the vapor deposition source. The vapor deposition source includes a housing, and the crucible is mounted in the housing for vaporizing the deposition materials. The heating portion is installed adjacent to the crucible in the housing for heating the crucible. The nozzle portion injects the vaporized deposition materials into a substrate disposed at an exterior of the housing through an injection nozzle. The vapor deposition source is manufactured in a smaller and lightweight form in comparison with conventional vapor deposition sources in which a crucible and a nozzle portion are arranged in different spaces.

Abstract: A linear type deposition source capable of improving a heating efficiency and reducing a heating temperature by using a plate-type heating source and/or improving a cooling efficiency by including a cooling jacket having a cooling water line in a housing. The linear type deposition source includes: a crucible arranged in a deposition chamber, the crucible being for evaporating materials included in the crucible; a heating source for applying heat to the crucible; a housing for isolating the heat emitted from the heating source; an outer wall for anchoring the crucible; and a nozzle unit for spraying the materials evaporated from the crucible. In this deposition source, the heating source is a plate-type heating source, and the housing has a cooling water line so cooling water can flow through the cooling water line.

Abstract: In a method of controlling an effusion cell in a deposition system, including a crucible, a guiding pathway and an injection nozzle, a guiding pathway and an injection nozzle are heated. The crucible is heated after heating the guiding pathway and the injection nozzle. In addition, in cooling the effusion cell including a crucible, a guiding pathway and an injection nozzle, the crucible is cooled. The guiding pathway and the injection nozzle are cooled after cooling the crucible. This method has an advantage of enhancing uniformity of the organic layer formed on the substrate by preventing the clogging of the injection nozzle by deposition material vaporized in the crucible or splashing.

Abstract: A film tray for fabricating a flexible display, the film tray preventing a flexible substrate or film from sagging. The film tray includes a support plate and at least one pair of clamps, each clamp of the at least one pair of clamps located along an opposite edge of the support plate to fix a flexible film. A first clamp of the at least one pair clamps is aligned with a second clamp of the least one pair of clamps. Each clamp includes an open-shut part adapted to be opened to receive the flexible substrate or film and adapted to be shut to fix the flexible substrate or film and a support part separated from the open-shut part by a predetermined space to support the flexible substrate or film at a predetermined level when the open-shut part is closed.

Abstract: A holder for fabricating an organic light emitting display comprises: a holder main body; and a plurality of supporters provided on opposite sides of the holder main body; wherein each supporter has a ‘?’-shape and comprises a side wall having a predetermined height, and a supporting plate bent from the side wall. The supporting plate is formed with a plurality of stepped parts to support a substrate, a film tray and a mask, to hold the substrate, the film tray and the mask while the substrate, the film tray and the mask are being transported, and to prevent a pattern from being distorted, thereby transporting and processing a substrate, a film tray and a mask in a single chamber at the same time.

Abstract: A data storage device for processing a command includes a host interface and a controller. The host interface stores program information sent within the command from a host. The controller decodes the program information that indicates a memory type to be accessed for the command. In addition, the controller determines whether the specified memory type can be accessed according to the command. The controller performs the command by accessing the memory type when the memory type specified by the program information is available for access.

Abstract: In one aspect, data is stored in a solid state memory which includes first and second memory layers. A first assessment is executed to determine whether received data is hot data or cold data. Received data which is assessed as hot data during the first assessment is stored in the first memory layer, and received data which is first assessed as cold data during the first assessment is stored in the second memory layer. Further, a second assessment is executed to determine whether the data stored in the first memory layer is hot data or cold data. Data which is then assessed as cold data during the second assessment is migrated from the first memory layer to the second memory layer.

Abstract: A deposition source for an inorganic layer and a method for controlling a heating source thereof capable of improving a deposition efficiency, preventing condensation of a nozzle, and/or precisely controlling the temperature by minimizing the time that is needed to reach a stabilization of a deposition rate. The deposition source includes: a heating unit including a heating source for applying heat to a crucible; a housing for isolating the heat emitted from the heating unit; an outer wall for anchoring the crucible; and a nozzle unit for spraying the deposition materials evaporated from the crucible. The heating unit includes a first unit and a second unit. The crucible is positioned between the first unit and the second unit, and the heating unit includes a first power source for supplying electric power to the first unit and a second power source for supplying electric power to the second unit.

Abstract: A holder for fabricating an organic light emitting display comprises: a holder main body; and a plurality of supporters provided on opposite sides of the holder main body; wherein each supporter has a ‘?’-shape and comprises a side wall having a predetermined height, and a supporting plate bent from the side wall. The supporting plate is formed with a plurality of stepped parts to support a substrate, a film tray and a mask, to hold the substrate, the film tray and the mask while the substrate, the film tray and the mask are being transported, and to prevent a pattern from being distorted, thereby transporting and processing a substrate, a film tray and a mask in a single chamber at the same time.

Abstract: A method of forming a thin film and a method of fabricating an organic light emitting display device are provided. The method includes depositing a film formation material mixed with a deposition material and an additive material to form the thin film, and the additive material has a eutectic melting point with the deposition material. Accordingly, it is possible to form the thin film at a quite lower temperature compared to a conventional case of forming the thin film using only a deposition material.

Abstract: In a method of controlling an effusion cell in a deposition system, including a crucible, a guiding pathway and an injection nozzle, a guiding pathway and an injection nozzle are heated. The crucible is heated after heating the guiding pathway and the injection nozzle. In addition, in cooling the effusion cell including a crucible, a guiding pathway and an injection nozzle, the crucible is cooled. The guiding pathway and the injection nozzle are cooled after cooling the crucible. This method has an advantage of enhancing uniformity of the organic layer formed on the substrate by preventing the clogging of the injection nozzle by deposition material vaporized in the crucible or splashing.

Abstract: A deposition source having a constant deposition rate and high reproducibility, and a deposition apparatus including the deposition source includes: a heating chamber having a linear opening portion; and a cover including a plurality of holes and attached to the linear opening portion of the heating chamber. The distances between the holes formed on the cover vary along a long side direction of the linear opening portion of the heating chamber. The number of holes formed on the cover along a long side direction of the linear opening portion of the heating chamber can also vary.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an organic light emitting device by using a facing target sputtering apparatus is provided. The method includes forming a first electrode on a substrate; forming an organic film on the first electrode; and forming a second electrode on the organic film by using a facing target sputtering apparatus. Accordingly, an electrode film is formed on the organic light emitting device at a low temperature without deterioration of the electrode film due to plasma, it is possible to improve light emitting efficiency and electro-optical characteristics of the organic light emitting device.

Abstract: A memory system having a plurality of semiconductor memory devices includes a plurality of memory slots, a plurality of memory modules each having memory devices and being mounted on corresponding one of the memory slots, and a plurality of reference voltage sources for providing reference voltages each having a different level to the respective memory modules.

Abstract: A memory system having a plurality of semiconductor memory devices includes a plurality of memory slots, a plurality of memory modules each having memory devices and being mounted on corresponding one of the memory slots, and a plurality of reference voltage sources for providing reference voltages each having a different level to the respective memory modules.