Abstract: A method and apparatus for exchanging a protocol is provided. A protocol may be indicated in a preset section of a vertical blanking interval (VBI) of an analog video and thereby transmitted. A protocol transmission apparatus may transmit an analog video signal in which a protocol signal is indicated to a protocol reception apparatus. The protocol reception apparatus may detect a protocol by receiving the analog video signal from the protocol transmission apparatus.

Abstract: A structure of an auxiliary seat disposed in a second row in a vehicle is provided. The auxiliary seat storage structure includes an auxiliary seat that is disposed between a pair of exterior seats and has a seat back rotatably coupled to a seat cushion by a recliner and a rail that is installed in a vehicle width direction. The auxiliary seat is configured to slide into an internal cavity at a lower end of the exterior seat. The auxiliary seat slides along the rail when the auxiliary seat is folded and simultaneously adjusted downward and is stored in a lower cavity of the exterior seat. A passageway cavity is maximized, the number of operating steps are minimized and the auxiliary seat are stored regardless of whether an occupant is seated on the exterior seat.

Abstract: A structure of an auxiliary seat disposed in a second row in a vehicle is provided. The auxiliary seat storage structure includes an auxiliary seat that is disposed between a pair of exterior seats and has a seat back rotatably coupled to a seat cushion by a recliner and a rail that is installed in a vehicle width direction. The auxiliary seat is configured to slide into an internal cavity at a lower end of the exterior seat. The auxiliary seat slides along the rail when the auxiliary seat is folded and simultaneously adjusted downward and is stored in a lower cavity of the exterior seat. A passageway cavity is maximized, the number of operating steps are minimized and the auxiliary seat are stored regardless of whether an occupant is seated on the exterior seat.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for converting, to a digital video signal, an analog video signal capable of having a variety of resolutions. A video reception apparatus determines a format of an analog video signal by sampling the analog video signal. The video reception apparatus converts the analog video signal to a digital video signal based on the determined format. A comb filter is used to separate a color difference signal and a luminance signal from the digital video signal, and the digital video signal is reconfigured using the luminance signal and the color difference signal.

Abstract: A method of operating a memory device includes writing cell data having one of at least three states to a memory cell; amplifying a voltage level of a bit line connected to the memory cell; determining that the cell data is in a first state when the voltage level of the bit line sensed at a sensing point is equal to or greater than a first reference voltage; determining that the cell data is in a second state when the voltage level of the bit line sensed at the sensing point is equal to or less than a second reference voltage which has a lower voltage level than the first reference voltage; and determining that the cell data is in a third state when the cell data is not in the first or second states.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for transmitting a video signal. The video signal transmission method and apparatus receives a digital video signal from a video sensor, reconfigures the digital video signal by adaptively adjusting at least one of the number of horizontal blank samples and the number of vertical blank lines of the digital video signal so that the digital video signal corresponds to a video standard, converts the reconfigured digital video signal to an analog video signal, and transmits the analog video signal.

Abstract: A method of operating a memory device includes writing cell data having one of at least three states to a memory cell; amplifying a voltage level of a bit line connected to the memory cell; determining that the cell data is in a first state when the voltage level of the bit line sensed at a sensing point is equal to or greater than a first reference voltage; determining that the cell data is in a second state when the voltage level of the bit line sensed at the sensing point is equal to or less than a second reference voltage which has a lower voltage level than the first reference voltage; and determining that the cell data is in a third state when the cell data is not in the first or second states.

Abstract: An analog video signal received through a cable may be distorted due to the cable and noise during its transmission. Provided is a method and apparatus for determining a level of transmission distortion and compensating for an analog video signal. A video signal reception method and apparatus may determine a distortion level of an analog video signal using an equalizing pattern signal included in a video signal, and may compensate for the analog video signal based on the distortion level.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for exchanging a protocol is provided. A protocol may be indicated in a preset section of a vertical blanking interval (VBI) of an analog video and thereby transmitted. A protocol transmission apparatus may transmit an analog video signal in which a protocol signal is indicated to a protocol reception apparatus. The protocol reception apparatus may detect a protocol by receiving the analog video signal from the protocol transmission apparatus.

Abstract: An analog video signal received through a cable may be distorted due to the cable and noise during its transmission. Provided is a method and apparatus for determining a level of transmission distortion and compensating for an analog video signal. A video signal reception method and apparatus may determine a distortion level of an analog video signal using an equalizing pattern signal included in a video signal, and may compensate for the analog video signal based on the distortion level.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for transmitting a video signal. The video signal transmission method and apparatus receives a digital video signal from a video sensor, reconfigures the digital video signal by adaptively adjusting at least one of the number of horizontal blank samples and the number of vertical blank lines of the digital video signal so that the digital video signal corresponds to a video standard, converts the reconfigured digital video signal to an analog video signal, and transmits the analog video signal.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for converting, to a digital video signal, an analog video signal capable of having a variety of resolutions. A video reception apparatus determines a format of an analog video signal by sampling the analog video signal. The video reception apparatus converts the analog video signal to a digital video signal based on the determined format. A comb filter is used to separate a color difference signal and a luminance signal from the digital video signal, and the digital video signal is reconfigured using the luminance signal and the color difference signal.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for transmitting a video signal, the method converting a digital video signal into an analog video signal. The method and apparatus for transmitting a video signal determine the specification of an analog video signal transmission, convert the digital timing of a digital video signal on the basis of the determined specification, convert the converted digital video signal into an analog video signal, and transmit the converted analog video signal.

Abstract: A multi-spot metal-capped nanostructure array nucleic acid chip for diagnosing corneal dystrophy, and more particularly to a multi-spot metal-capped nanostructure array nucleic acid chip capable of employing LSPR (localized surface plasmon resonance) optical properties, a preparation method thereof, and a multi-spot metal-capped nanostructure array nucleic acid chip for diagnosing BIGH3 gene mutations, which can diagnose various corneal dystrophies. The metal-capped nanostructure array nucleic acid chip can be combined with analysis devices, including a light source, a detector, a spectrophotometer and a computer, to provide an LSPR optical property-based optical biosensor, and the use of the multi-spot metal-capped nanostructure array nucleic acid chip for diagnosing BIGH3 gene mutations allows the simultaneous diagnosis of various corneal dystrophies that are genetic ocular diseases.

Abstract: A multi-spot metal-capped nanostructure array nucleic acid chip for diagnosing corneal dystrophy, and more particularly to a multi-spot metal-capped nanostructure array nucleic acid chip capable of employing LSPR (localized surface plasmon resonance) optical properties, a preparation method thereof, and a multi-spot metal-capped nanostructure array nucleic acid chip for diagnosing BIGH3 gene mutations, which can diagnose various corneal dystrophies. The metal-capped nanostructure array nucleic acid chip can be combined with analysis devices, including a light source, a detector, a spectrophotometer and a computer, to provide an LSPR optical property-based optical biosensor, and the use of the multi-spot metal-capped nanostructure array nucleic acid chip for diagnosing BIGH3 gene mutations allows the simultaneous diagnosis of various corneal dystrophies that are genetic ocular diseases.

Abstract: Disclosed is a shoe including a sole support, a midsole and an outsole, wherein the edge of the sole support has one or more bridges at the left and right toe area and heel, respectively.

Abstract: A dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a semiconductor electrode comprising electrospun ultra-fine titanium dioxide fibers and fabrication method thereof are disclosed. The dye-sensitized solar cell comprises a semiconductor electrode comprising an electrospun ultra-fine fibrous titanium dioxide layer, a counter electrode and electrolyte interposed therebetween. A non-liquid electrolyte such as polymer gel electrolyte or the like having low fluidity, as well as the liquid electrolyte, can be easily infiltrated thereinto. In addition, electrons can be effectively transferred since titanium dioxide crystals are one-dimensionally arranged.

Abstract: A fold-and-dive structure for a vehicle seat is provided, which includes a connection member connecting a cushion frame built in a seat cushion and a back frame built in a seat back to each other, a rotating link connecting a front end portion of the cushion frame and a support frame to each other, and a recliner provided on the support frame to which a lower end portion of the back frame is rotatably connected, wherein a guide frame is provided on a front side portion of the connection member, and the cushion frame is slidably coupled to the guide frame to make the seat cushion slide forward.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cushion member and a shoe insole comprising the same. In particular, it relates to a cushion member which is inserted to an outside of heel of shoe insole wherein an end of the cushion member is shaped to be concave in order to wrap the convex portion between the rear sole of foot and ankle, and to a shoe insole comprising the same.

Abstract: A fold-and-dive structure for a vehicle seat is provided, which includes a connection member connecting a cushion frame built in a seat cushion and a back frame built in a seat back to each other, a rotating link connecting a front end portion of the cushion frame and a support frame to each other, and a recliner provided on the support frame to which a lower end portion of the back frame is rotatably connected, wherein a guide frame is provided on a front side portion of the connection member, and the cushion frame is slidably coupled to the guide frame to make the seat cushion slide forward.