Abstract: A customized pump, filtration, oxygenation and/or debubbler apparatus includes a first pump module, a filtration module, an oxygenation module, a debubbler module and/or a second pump module. Each module is formed of stackable support members with filtration, oxygenation and/or degassing membranes interposed therebetween.

Abstract: An apparatus that utilizes the heat transfer ability of cryogenic materials to maintain its contents at low temperatures includes a container having inner and outer shells. The inner and outer shells have a chamber formed therebetween. An insulation layer is disposed within the chamber. The inner shell is disposed within the outer shell to form a chamber for receiving therein a material for storage and/or transport therebetween. A phase change material is disposed within the storage chamber and includes cut-outs for receiving therein a cryogenic material. Alternatively, a pre-charged phase change material insert is provided in the storage chamber and/or the storage chamber is packed with a filler material pre-chilled in a cryogenic material. A lid seals the container.

Abstract: A coupling device can connect two cryogenic fluid conduits in fluid communication without creating a temperature change. The coupling device includes a fluid flow path extending therethrough having a substantially constant cross-sectional area. The coupling device is designed to be easy to connect and disconnect and to provide a secure connection, in particular at low temperature.

Abstract: A method, and apparatus for implementing the method, utilize cryogenic fluids to cool a fluid. The method includes receiving and allowing expansion of a first compressed cryogenic fluid within a chamber; flowing a second fluid past said chamber; and allowing the transfer of heat between the chamber and the second fluid. The method may further include maintaining the second fluid at a predetermined temperature by controlling the transfer of heat between the chamber and the second fluid. The apparatus includes a chamber for receiving therein and allowing expansion of a compressed cryogenic fluid. The chamber includes at least one wall formed of a material having a high thermal conductivity and high resistivity to low temperature. The chamber may include an insert for receiving cryogenic fluid therein and dispersing the cryogenic fluid through a plurality of holes into the chamber. The apparatus may also include a fluid path component for circulating therethrough the second fluid.

Abstract: A unique semiconductive, polymeric material capable of use for example as a humidity sensing detector or as an electrical "rectifying-type" element created by pressure treating an oxidized coordination polymer formed from a polydentate organic ligand, such as for example 1,2,4,5-tetraaminobenzene, and a metal salt, such as for example nickle(II) chloride, palladium(II) chloride, or platinum(II) chloride. The element is mounted on a non-conducting base, electrical leads are attached to the element, and the wired element is placed in an electrical circuit capable of for example detecting electrical resistance. The presence of water vapor in the atmosphere about the element elicits rapid, reversible, reproducible changes in the resistance of the element. The wired element can also be used as a "rectifyer-type" element in that it has an electrical polarization which is not instantaneously reversible with a change in voltage polarity.

Abstract: A hand-manipulable electrostatic spray gun is disclosed which is one requiring no electric cable attached to it. Within the hand-manipulable spray gun an air turbine is driven at high speed in the order of 60,000 rpm and drives directly an alternator to generate an alternating voltage in the order of 50 volts at about 1000 Hz. The output of this alternator is supplied to a step-up transformer to achieve a secondary voltage in the order of 2500 volts. From here, it is supplied to a long chain series voltage multiplier to increase the voltage thereof to one in the order of 55-80 kilovolts. The combination of a relatively small transformer and small capacitance establishes a direct voltage output from the voltage multiplier which has an alternating voltage ripple in excess of fifteen percent.

Abstract: A liquid gauge for measuring liquid level in a container having a differential pressure transducer positioned in the liquid. The transducer has a first port exposed to liquid adjacent the bottom of the container and a second port in communication with the environment above the liquid. The gauge may include a water level detector and a temperature measuring transducer. The gauge will measure the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid which is a determination of the liquid level and/or volume.

Abstract: A flexible, rope-type heat sensor interfaces in a overlapping array with exposed outer portions of U-shaped heating elements of an immersion-type heater. The sensor is connected to a controller which opens and closes circuitry connecting the heater with a power source upon selectively sensing a temperature condition of the heater elements. With such a heater installed in a liquid-containing receptacle, the temperature of the liquid can be controlled and the heater protected from inadvertent overheating. The device is also applicable to control liquid level in a receptacle.