Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for controlling image defects related to transfer of toner images in an electrostatographic machine. An engagement between an operational surface of a toner image bearing member and an operational surface of another member forming a transfer nip is adjusted using an engagement adjustment device in order to reduce or eliminate image defects relating to an overdrive or underdrive associated with the nip. A transfer nip for transferring a toner image may include two rollers supported by parallel shafts coaxial with each roller, the shafts separated by a controllable distance of separation and the engagement in the nip being controllably adjustable by an engagement adjustment device to increase or decrease the distance of separation.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for producing, in a single pass, an electrophotographic image comprising at least two colors. The photoconductive element is bipolar, and has a single active layer and a protective layer of diamond-like carbon.

Abstract: A bipolar electrophotographic element comprising a) a single active bipolar photoconductive layer on an electrically conductive support and b) a diamond-like carbon protective layer, having a fluorine content between 0 and 65 atomic percent based on the composition of the entire protective layer, and also having a thickness between 0.05 and 0.5 .mu.m. Also disclosed is a coating composition for a single bipolar photoconductive layer comprising: i) one or more binder polymers; ii) at least one aggregating dye salt; iii) at least one organic charge transport agent; and iv) a volatile coating solvent.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus with improved blue sensitivity comprises: a) a charging means; b) an exposure means, which includes light of a wavelength between 350 and 500 nanometers, and c) a photoconductive element comprising an electrically conductive base, two or more charge generation layers, at least one charge transport layer, and a protective layer comprising plasma-polymerized fluorocarbon, wherein the fluorine content of the protective layer is equal to or greater than 2.2 and less than 65 atomic percent. A method of making an image is also disclosed.

Abstract: A recording apparatus includes a toner image bearing member and a transfer backing member that define a transfer nip. Pressure is applied in the transfer nip to a receiver member that is in engagement with the toner image bearing member for transfer of a toner image on the toner image bearing member to the receiver member. A sensor senses a parameter related to thickness of the receiver member prior to movement of the receiver member into the nip. An adjustment device is responsive to sensing of the parameter and adjusts nip spacing between the toner image bearing member and the transfer backing member.

Abstract: A method of producing images includes forming an electrostatic latent image on a primary image forming member. A toner image is developed on the primary image forming member using a developer comprising dry toner particles having a mean volume weighted diameter D between 5 .mu.m and 10 .mu.m. The toner particles contain particulate addenda in a concentration range between (3.2/D)% and (5.6/D)%. The toner image is electrostatically transferred from the primary image forming member to an intermediate transfer member having a compliant layer, and then electrostatically transferred from the intermediate transfer member to a receiver.

Abstract: Glassy solid electrolytes and charge transporting elements including antistatic elements and charge generating elements. The charge generating element has an electrically conductive layer, a charge generating layer overlying the electrically conductive layer, and a layer of glassy solid electrolyte overlying the electrically conductive layer. The glassy solid electrolyte includes a complex of silsesquioxane and a charge carrier. The complex has a surface resistivity from about 1.times.10.sup.10 to about 1.times.10.sup.17 ohms/sq. The complex has a T.sup.2 -silicon:T.sup.3 -silicon ratio of less than 1 to 1. The complex has a ratio of carbon atoms to silicon atoms of greater than about 1.2 to 1.

Abstract: A photoconductive element comprising an electrically conductive base; two or more charge generation layers; at least one charge transport layer; and a protective layer comprising diamond-like carbon, having fluorine between 0 and 65 atomic percent of the protective layer.

Abstract: A method of making a photoconductive element comprises the steps of: a) providing an electrically conductive base and depositing thereon, in any order, photoconductive layers comprising at least one charge transport layer and at least two charge generation layers; b) placing the layers formed in step a) in a reaction chamber with at least one feed gas selected from a hydrocarbon compound and a fluorocarbon compound in their gas phase; and c) decomposing the gas by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition thereby forming on the photoconductive layers an outermost protective layer comprising diamond-like carbon having a fluorine content of between 0 and 65 atomic percent of the protective layer.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for robust transfer of toner images using toner particles having a volume average diameter between about 2 .mu.m and about 9 .mu.m is described. Surprisingly good electrostatic transfer is obtained when the surface charge density of the toner is between 3.0.times.10.sup.-9 coul/cm.sup.2 and 6.5.times.10.sup.-9 coul/cm.sup.2 and when this toner is used in conjunction with a compliant transfer intermediate.

Abstract: Unexpectedly good transfer of electrophotographically-produced images using small toner particles occurs when the image is developed on an electrostatographic recording member, preferably an organic photoconductive element, which has been overcoated with a thin (about 10 nm to about 10 .mu.m thick) layer of a material having a Young's modulus greater than 10 GPa and preferably greater than about 100 GPa. The image is then transferred to an intermediate member which is comprised of an elastomeric blanket between about 0.1 and about 3 cm thick, having a Young's modulus between about 0.5 MPa and about 50 MPa, and preferably between about 1 and about 10 MPa, and having an electrical resistivity between about 10.sup.6 ohm-cm and about 10.sup.12 ohm-cm, by applying an appropriate electrostatic potential between the transfer intermediate member and the photoconductive element.

Abstract: Glassy solid electrolytes and charge transporting elements including antistatic elements and charge generating elements. The charge generating element has an electrically conductive layer, a charge generating layer overlying the electrically conductive layer, and a layer of glassy solid electrolyte overlying the electrically conductive layer. The glassy solid electrolyte includes a complex of silsesquioxane and a charge carrier. The complex has a surface resistivity from about 1.times.10.sup.10 to about 1.times.10.sup.17 ohms/sq. The complex has a T.sup.2 -silicon:T.sup.3 -silicon ratio of less than 1 to 1. The complex has a ratio of carbon atoms to silicon atoms of greater than about 1.2 to 1.

Abstract: Unexpectedly good transfer of electrophotographically-produced images using small toner particles occurs when the image is developed on an electrostatographic recording member, preferably an organic photoconductive element, which has been overcoated with a thin (about 10 nm to about 10 .mu.m thick) layer of a material having a Young's modulus greater than 10 GPa and preferably greater than about 100 GPa. The image is then transferred to an intermediate member which is comprised of an elastomeric blanket between about 0.1 and about 3 cm thick, having a Young's modulus between about 0.5 MPa and about 50 MPa, and preferably between about 1 and about 10 MPa, and having an electrical resistivity between about 10.sup.6 ohm-cm and about 10.sup.12 ohm-cm, by applying an appropriate electrostatic potential between the transfer intermediate member and the photoconductive element.

Abstract: A particle toner image is formed on a primary image member (21), such as a photoconductor; electrostatically transferred to an intermediate transfer member (42); and then electrostatically transferred to a receiving sheet. The intermediate transfer member (42) includes a substrate, a compliant blanket (19), and a thin, hard overcoat (80) sectioned into small, discreet segments (81), said segments being separated cracks (85) having a width less than 20 .mu.

Abstract: Magnetic carrier particles are removed from a photoconductive image member by subjecting the carrier particles to a magnetic field while or after exposing the photoconductive image member to erasing radiation in the absence of a substantial electrical field affecting the carrier particles.

Abstract: A mechanism for facilitating removal of a receiver member from intimate contact with an intermediate image transfer member of a reproduction apparatus having a primary image forming member, an intermediate image transfer member including a compliant outer surface, and a mechanism for electrostatically transferring a marking particle image formed on the primary image forming member from the primary image forming member to the intermediate image transfer member and, thereafter, to a receiver member brought into intimate contact with the intermediate image transfer member. The removal facilitating mechanism includes a member, downstream of the transfer means, in substantial pressure contact with the intermediate image transfer member to compress the outer surface of the intermediate image transfer member, and pinch a receiver member off the intermediate image transfer member.

Abstract: A dry toner image is fixed to a thermoplastic layer on a receiving sheet by pressing a ferrotyping web against the image in the presence of sufficient heat to soften the layer. A curl preventing layer opposite the thermoplastic layer does not offset on a backing roller or the like because it has a melting point that is high compared to the thermoplastic layer.

Abstract: A small particle toner image is formed on a primary image member (21), such as a photoconductor; electrostatically transferred to an intermediate transfer member (42); and then electrostatically transferred to a receiving sheet. The intermediate transfer member (42) includes a substrate, a compliant blanket (19), and a thin, hard overcoat (80) sectioned into small, discreet segments (81).

Abstract: A small particle toner image is formed on a primary image member (11), such as a photoconductor; electrostatically transferred to an intermediate transfer member (22); and then electrostatically transferred to a receiving sheet. The intermediate transfer member includes a base of a relatively compliant material having an embedded coating of beads with a volume weighted average diameter of less than about 3 microns, and preferably between 0.5 and 1.0 micron. These beads cover at least 40% of the intermediate image member.

Abstract: A toner image is transferred to a heat softened thermoplastic outer layer of a receiving sheet. The toner is transferred from an image member predominantly by heating the receiving sheet to a temperature which both softens the thermoplastic layer and, when the thermoplastic layer contacts the toner, sinters the toner sufficiently to cause toner to adhere both to the thermoplastic layer and to other particles of toner. To prevent blistering, the temperature to which the thermoplastic layer must be raised can be lowered, for example, to 100 degrees C. by also heating the image member to a temperature, above ambient, but less than the temperature that would either do damage to the image member or cause the toner to stick to it.