Abstract: A method for performing low-density parity check (LDPC) decoding includes: in a first decoder which operates in a first mode, performing a plurality of decoding iterations of a codeword using a first algorithm, including: decoding the codeword to generate first information including a number of failed check nodes; linking the number of failed check nodes to a log-likelihood ratio (LLR) value to generate second information; and performing parity check equations for the codeword at check nodes. When a predetermined number of decoding iterations in the first decoder is reached without the parity check equations being solved, decoding of the codeword using the first decoder is stopped, the codeword is input to a second decoder and decoding of the codeword in the second decoder using a second algorithm and the second information is started.

Abstract: A flash memory method includes: classifying data into a plurality of groups of data; respectively executing error code encoding to generate first corresponding parity check code to store the groups of data and first corresponding parity check code into flash memory module as first blocks; reading out the groups of data from first blocks; executing error correction and de-randomize operation upon read out data to generate de-randomized data; executing randomize operation upon de-randomized data according to a set of seeds to generate randomized data; performing error code encoding upon randomized data to generate second corresponding parity check code; and, storing randomized data and second corresponding parity check code into flash memory module as second block; a cell of first block is used for storing data of first bit number which is different from second bit number corresponding to a cell of second block.

Abstract: A method for using a first decoder operating in a hard decision hard decoding mode to generate soft information for a second decoder operating in a hard decision soft decoding mode includes: generating a look-up table (LUT) linking a number of failed check nodes to a log-likelihood ratio (LLR) value; in a first iteration of the first decoder, inputting the number of failed check nodes to the LUT table to generate an LLR value; and outputting the LLR value to the second decoder.

Abstract: A flash memory method includes: classifying data into a plurality of groups of data; respectively executing error code encoding to generate first corresponding parity check code to store the groups of data and first corresponding parity check code into flash memory module as first blocks; reading out the groups of data from first blocks; executing error correction and de-randomize operation upon read out data to generate de-randomized data; executing randomize operation upon de-randomized data according to a set of seeds to generate randomized data; performing error code encoding upon randomized data to generate second corresponding parity check code; and, storing randomized data and second corresponding parity check code into flash memory module as second block; a cell of first block is used for storing data of first bit number which is different from second bit number corresponding to a cell of second block.

Abstract: A flash memory method includes: classifying data into a plurality of groups of data; respectively executing error code encoding to generate first corresponding parity check code to store the groups of data and first corresponding parity check code into flash memory module as first blocks; reading out the groups of data from first blocks; executing error correction and de-randomize operation upon read out data to generate de-randomized data; executing randomize operation upon de-randomized data according to a set of seeds to generate randomized data; performing error code encoding upon randomized data to generate second corresponding parity check code; and, storing randomized data and second corresponding parity check code into flash memory module as second block; a cell of first block is used for storing data of first bit number which is different from second bit number corresponding to a cell of second block.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for detecting multilayer multipass welding trajectory are disclosed. The apparatus includes an imaging component, a first and a second directional light source group, a structured light source and a control and processing component. The imaging component is disposed in front of a welding gun and above a weld pass. The first and the second directional light source group are disposed symmetrically above the weld pass and at two sides of the weld pass. The structured light source is disposed above the weld pass. The control and processing component is configured to control the imaging component to capture an image of the workpiece surface separately when the first directional light source group, the second directional light source group or the structured light source emits the light to the workpiece surface and to obtain a multilayer multipass welding trajectory according to the images.

Abstract: A method used in a flash memory module having a plurality of storage blocks is disclosed. Each storage block can be used as a first block or a second block wherein a cell of the first block is arranged for storing data of 1 bit and a cell of the second block is arranged for storing data of at least 2 bits. The method includes: classifying data to be programmed into a plurality of groups of data; executing error code encoding to generate a corresponding parity check code to store the groups of data and the corresponding parity check code to at least one block of first blocks; and after completing storing the groups of data, performing an internal copy operation upon the groups of data and the corresponding parity check code from the at least one block of the first blocks to at least one second block.

Abstract: A method used for a flash memory module having a plurality of storage blocks each can be used as a first block or a second block includes: classifying data into a plurality of groups of data; respectively executing error code encoding to generate a first corresponding parity check code to store the groups of data and the first corresponding parity check code into the flash memory module as first blocks; reading out the groups of data from the first blocks; executing error correction and de-randomize operation upon read out data to generate de-randomized data; executing randomize operation upon the de-randomized data according to a set of seeds to generate randomized data; performing error code encoding upon the randomized data to generate a second corresponding parity check code; and storing the randomized data and the second corresponding parity check code into the flash memory module as the second block.

Abstract: A method used in a flash memory module having a plurality of storage blocks is disclosed. Each storage block can be used as a first block or a second block wherein a cell of the first block is arranged for storing data of 1 bit and a cell of the second block is arranged for storing data of at least 2 bits. The method includes: classifying data to be programmed into a plurality of groups of data; executing error code encoding to generate a corresponding parity check code to store the groups of data and the corresponding parity check code to at least one block of first blocks; and after completing storing the groups of data, performing an internal copy operation upon the groups of data and the corresponding parity check code from the at least one block of the first blocks to at least one second block.

Abstract: A method used for a flash memory module having a plurality of storage blocks each can be used as a first block or a second block includes: classifying data into a plurality of groups of data; respectively executing error code encoding to generate a first corresponding parity check code to store the groups of data and the first corresponding parity check code into the flash memory module as first blocks; reading out the groups of data from the first blocks; executing error correction and de-randomize operation upon read out data to generate de-randomized data; executing randomize operation upon the de-randomized data according to a set of seeds to generate randomized data; performing error code encoding upon the randomized data to generate a second corresponding parity check code; and storing the randomized data and the second corresponding parity check code into the flash memory module as the second block.

Abstract: A method for using a first decoder operating in a hard decision hard decoding mode to generate soft information for a second decoder operating in a hard decision soft decoding mode includes: generating a look-up table (LUT) linking a number of failed check nodes to a log-likelihood ratio (LLR) value; in a first iteration of the first decoder, inputting the number of failed check nodes to the LUT table to generate an LLR value; and outputting the LLR value to the second decoder.

Abstract: A method for determining when to end a bit flipping algorithm during hard decision soft decoding in a low density parity check (LDPC) decoder includes: selecting a certain number of iterations as a first threshold; when the first threshold is reached, determining a highest variable node codeword for each iteration performed so far; comparing the highest variable node codewords with a second threshold; and when the value of the highest variable node codewords is less than or equal to the second threshold, ending the bit flipping algorithm.

Abstract: A fuel ball detecting method and system with a self-diagnosis function are provided. The method includes: exciting a first detecting coil and a second detecting coil of a fuel ball sensor disposed outside a pipeline; obtaining a first voltage signal U1 from the first detecting coil and a second voltage signal U2 from the second detecting coil; processing U1 and U2 by differential amplification, band pass filtering, phase sensitive detection and low pass filtering by a signal processor to obtain a fuel ball waveform signal U0; determining whether the fuel ball passes the pipeline according to U0 by a single chip microcomputer; determining whether the first and the second detecting coils, the signal processor and the single chip microcomputer work normally; outputting a result showing whether the fuel ball passes the pipeline, when the first and the second detecting coils, the signal processor and the single chip microcomputer work normally.

Abstract: A heat dissipating system is disclosed to be disposed in a casing of an electronic apparatus in which a heat source is disposed. The heat dissipating system includes a heat dissipating device and a heat insulating device. The heat dissipating device is in contact with the heat source and has a predetermined heat dissipating path for dissipating heat generated by the heat source. The heat insulating device includes a first layer that is in contact with one of the heat source and the heat dissipating device, and a second layer that is bonded to the first layer and that cooperates with the first layer to define an evacuated space therebetween.

Abstract: A pill crusher having a rack and pinion advancing a platen. Pill crushers are used to crush pills into powder for various medicinal reasons, such as ease of mixing or dosing. A rack on a slide way is linearly advanced by rotational movement of a pinion on a handle. The slide way is attached to a platen that advances towards an anvil. A pill in a pouch placed adjacent the anvil is crushed by the advancing platen. In one embodiment, a shaped anvil insert surface is mated to a complementary shaped platen surface and aids in crushing the pill. The present invention provides an efficient and sturdy pill crusher for commercial as well as personal use.

Abstract: A pill crusher having a rack and pinion advancing a platen. Pill crushers are used to crush pills into powder for various medicinal reasons, such as ease of mixing or dosing. A rack on a slide way is linearly advanced by rotational movement of a pinion on a handle. The slide way is attached to a platen that advances towards an anvil. A pill in a pouch placed adjacent the anvil is crushed by the advancing platen. In one embodiment, a shaped anvil insert surface is mated to a complementary shaped platen surface and aids in crushing the pill. The present invention provides an efficient and sturdy pill crusher for commercial as well as personal use.