Abstract: A metal-air battery including: a negative electrode metal layer; a negative electrode electrolyte layer disposed on the negative electrode metal layer; a positive electrode layer disposed on the negative electrode electrolyte layer, the positive electrode layer comprising a positive electrode material which is capable of using oxygen as an active material; and a gas diffusion layer disposed on the positive electrode layer, wherein the negative electrode electrolyte layer is between the negative electrode metal layer and the positive electrode layer; wherein the negative electrode metal layer, the negative electrode electrolyte layer, and the positive electrode layer are disposed on the gas diffusion layer so that the positive electrode layer contacts a lower surface and an opposite upper surface of the gas diffusion layer, and wherein one side surface of the gas diffusion layer is exposed to an outside.

Abstract: A positive electrode for a lithium battery including a protected negative electrode containing a lithium metal or a lithium alloy, wherein the positive electrode contains a positive electrode active material, a polyoxometalate compound, and a conductive material. Also provided is a lithium battery including the positive electrode.

Abstract: A protected anode for lithium air batteries and a lithium air battery including the protected anode are provided. The protected anode includes: an anode intercalates and deintercalates lithium ions; a lithium ion-conductive solid electrolyte membrane; and a polymer electrolyte disposed between the anode and the ion-conductive solid electrolyte membrane, wherein the polymer electrolyte includes a lithium ion-conductive polymer, a compound represented by Formula 1 having a number average molecular weight from about 300 to about 1,000, and a lithium salt, and an amount of the compound of Formula 1 is from about 10 parts to about 25 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polymer electrolyte: In Formula 1, R1 to R6, and n are the same as defined in the specification.

Abstract: A lithium air battery module including a lithium air battery cell including a first electrolyte; an additional electrolyte disposed non-adjacent the first electrolyte; and a housing which accommodates the lithium air battery cell and the additional electrolyte.

Abstract: A lithium air battery including a negative electrode comprising lithium, a positive electrode using oxygen as a positive active material, and an organic electrolyte including an organic compound capable of intercalating and deintercalating electrons involved in an electrochemical reaction.

Abstract: The apparatus of charging a rechargeable battery includes a voltage detector which detects a voltage value between terminals of a rechargeable battery, a current generator which generates current for charging the rechargeable battery and outputs the generated current to the terminals of the rechargeable battery, and a controller which controls the current generator based on the voltage value detected by the voltage detector. The current generator outputs a first current for which a direction thereof between the terminals of the rechargeable battery is constant, in a charging period of the rechargeable battery, wherein the first current comprises direct current, and a second current for which a direction thereof between the terminals of the rechargeable battery is periodically reversed, in an intermittent period of the rechargeable battery.

Abstract: A protected anode including an anode including a lithium titanium oxide; and a protective layer including a compound represented by Formula 1 below, a lithium air battery including the same, and an all-solid battery including the protected anode: Li1+XMXA2?XSiYP3?YO12??<Formula 1> wherein M may be at least one of aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), indium (In), scandium (Sc), or chromium (Cr), A may be at least one of germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), hafnium (Hf), and zirconium (Zr), 0?X?1, and 0?Y?1.

Abstract: A lithium air battery including: a negative electrode including lithium; a positive electrode using oxygen as a positive active material; and an organic electrolyte, wherein the organic electrolyte includes a metal-ligand complex.

Abstract: An anode for a lithium air battery including an anode active material layer including an anode active material; a first protective layer disposed on the anode active material layer; and a second protective layer disposed on the first protective layer, wherein the first protective layer includes a liquid electrolyte having a viscosity of 5 centipoise or less at a temperature of 20° C., and the second protective layer includes an ion conductive solid electrolyte membrane.

Abstract: A lithium air battery including a negative electrode capable of incorporation and deincorporation of lithium ions, a positive electrode capable of capable of incorporating and deincorporating oxygen, and a lithium ion conductive polymer electrolyte disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, wherein the positive electrode includes a carbonaceous material and a carbide of a metal or a semi-metal element. The lithium ion conductive polymer electrolyte may include a lithium salt and a hydrophilic polymer.

Abstract: A porous carbonaceous composite material, a positive electrode and lithium air battery including the porous carbonaceous composite material, and a method of preparing the porous carbonaceous composite material. The porous carbonaceous composite material includes a carbon nanotube (CNT); and a modified carbonaceous material doped with a heterogeneous element, wherein the ratio of the number of surface oxygen atoms to the number of surface carbon atoms ranges upward from about 2 atom %.

Abstract: A cathode active material, a cathode including the cathode active material, and a lithium battery including the cathode. The cathode active material includes a lithium composite oxide and a lithium titanium oxide, wherein the lithium titanium oxide includes titanium having an average oxidation number of 4-y (0<y<2). The lithium titanium oxide is reduced.

Abstract: A metal-air battery including: a negative electrode metal layer; a negative electrode electrolyte layer disposed on the negative electrode metal layer; a positive electrode layer disposed on the negative electrode electrolyte layer, the positive electrode layer comprising a positive electrode material which is capable of using oxygen as an active material; and a gas diffusion layer disposed on the positive electrode layer, wherein the negative electrode electrolyte layer is between the negative electrode metal layer and the positive electrode layer; wherein the negative electrode metal layer, the negative electrode electrolyte layer, and the positive electrode layer are disposed on the gas diffusion layer so that the positive electrode layer contacts a lower surface and an opposite upper surface of the gas diffusion layer, and wherein one side surface of the gas diffusion layer is exposed to an outside.

Abstract: A lithium air battery including an anode for intercalating/deintercalating lithium ions; a cathode having oxygen as a cathode active material, a lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is disposed between the lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte membrane and the cathode, and wherein the electrolyte includes at least one compound selected from a compound represented by Formula 1 and a copolymer including a repeating unit represented by Formula 2 as an additive: wherein in Formulae 1 and 2, groups CY1, CY2, a, b, c, b, R1 to R18, and variables t, u, and v are defined in the specification.

Abstract: A composite membrane including ion conductive inorganic particles; and a polymer layer, wherein the ion conductive inorganic particles penetrate the polymer layer. Also, a preparation method thereof, and a lithium-air battery including the composite membrane.

Abstract: Anode active materials and methods of preparing the same are provided. One anode active material includes a carbonaceous material capable of improving battery cycle characteristics. The carbonaceous material bonds to and coats metal active material particles and fibrous metallic particles to suppress volumetric changes.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte and a lithium air battery including the same. The non-aqueous electrolyte may include an oxygen anion capturing compound to effectively dissociate the reduction reaction product of oxygen formed during discharging of the lithium air battery, reduce the overvoltage of the oxygen evolution reaction occurring during battery charging, and enhance the energy efficiency and capacity of the battery.

Abstract: A positive electrode for a lithium battery including a protected negative electrode containing a lithium metal or a lithium alloy, wherein the positive electrode contains a positive electrode active material, a polyoxometalate compound, and a conductive material. Also provided is a lithium battery including the positive electrode.

Abstract: A composite anode active material includes a first intermetallic compound, a second intermetallic compound, a metal that is incapable of alloy formation with lithium, and carbon. In the composite anode active material, an amorphous carbon is present between the first intermetallic compound and the second intermetallic compound, and the metal that is incapable of alloy formation with lithium is uniformly distributed throughout in the composite anode active material. The composite anode active material may be used as an anode of a lithium rechargeable battery.

Abstract: An air battery cathode including an organic-inorganic composite material including lyophobic nanopores, the organic-inorganic composite material including a porous metal oxide, and a lyophobic layer on a surface of a pore of the porous metal oxide and having a contact angle of greater than about 90°; and a binder. Also a lithium air battery including the cathode, and a method of manufacture the cathode.