Abstract: A protected anode for lithium air batteries and a lithium air battery including the protected anode are provided. The protected anode includes: an anode intercalates and deintercalates lithium ions; a lithium ion-conductive solid electrolyte membrane; and a polymer electrolyte disposed between the anode and the ion-conductive solid electrolyte membrane, wherein the polymer electrolyte includes a lithium ion-conductive polymer, a compound represented by Formula 1 having a number average molecular weight from about 300 to about 1,000, and a lithium salt, and an amount of the compound of Formula 1 is from about 10 parts to about 25 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polymer electrolyte: In Formula 1, R1 to R6, and n are the same as defined in the specification.

Abstract: A protected anode including: an anode including lithium or capable of reversibly incorporating lithium ions; and a lithium ion-conductive protective layer on the anode and including a ceramic composite represented by Formula 1: Li1+aAlbGe2?cMdP3+eO12+f??Formula 1 wherein M is at least one element selected from titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), and germanium (Ge), 0?a?1, 0?b?1, 0?c?1, 0?d?0.5, 0?e?0.1, and 0?f?1.

Abstract: A cathode active material including: a lithium metal oxide core represented by Formula 1 below; and an oxide coating layer formed on the lithium metal oxide core: Li[LixMeyMz]O2+d.??<Formula 1> In Formula 1: x+y+z=1 (0<x<0.33 and 0<z<0.1); 0?d?0.1; Me includes at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Al, Mg, Zr, and B; and M includes at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Mo, W, Ir, Ni, and Mg.

Abstract: An organic electrolyte including a lithium salt; an organic solvent; and a flavone-based or flavanon-based compound, and a lithium battery including the organic electrolyte.

Abstract: The apparatus of charging a rechargeable battery includes a voltage detector which detects a voltage value between terminals of a rechargeable battery, a current generator which generates current for charging the rechargeable battery and outputs the generated current to the terminals of the rechargeable battery, and a controller which controls the current generator based on the voltage value detected by the voltage detector. The current generator outputs a first current for which a direction thereof between the terminals of the rechargeable battery is constant, in a charging period of the rechargeable battery, wherein the first current comprises direct current, and a second current for which a direction thereof between the terminals of the rechargeable battery is periodically reversed, in an intermittent period of the rechargeable battery.

Abstract: A lithium battery including a negative electrode including a lithium metal or a lithium alloy; a positive electrode; and a polymer gel electrolyte contacting the negative electrode, wherein the polymer gel electrolyte has an ionic conductivity of about 10?3 S/cm or greater, a lithium ion transference number of about 0.15 or greater, and a lithium ion mobility of about 10?6 cm2/V×sec or greater, wherein the polymer gel electrolyte includes a lithium salt, a polymer capable of forming a complex with the lithium salt, an insulating inorganic filler, and an organic solvent, wherein the organic solvent is inert with respect to the lithium metal, wherein an anionic radius of the lithium salt is about 2.5 Angstroms or greater, and wherein a molecular weight of the lithium salt is about 145 or greater.

Abstract: A composite anode active material includes a metal that may be alloyed with lithium, an intermetallic compound incapable of alloying with lithium, and a carbonaceous material, wherein the intermetallic compound exists in a phase structurally separated from the metal capable of alloying with lithium. Since the composite active material contains an intermetallic compound that does not form any alloy phase with lithium nor the metal capable of alloying with lithium but rather exists in a structurally separated phase, the composite active material exhibits excellent coulombic efficiency. Further, anode electrodes and lithium batteries including the composite anode active material exhibit improved charge and discharge characteristics.

Abstract: An anode for a lithium air battery including an anode active material layer including an anode active material; a first protective layer disposed on the anode active material layer; and a second protective layer disposed on the first protective layer, wherein the first protective layer includes a liquid electrolyte having a viscosity of 5 centipoise or less at a temperature of 20° C., and the second protective layer includes an ion conductive solid electrolyte membrane.

Abstract: Porous metal oxides are provided. The porous metal oxides are prepared by heat treating a coordination polymer. A method of preparing the porous metal oxide is also provided. According to the method, the shape of the particles of the metal oxide can be easily controlled, and the shape and distribution of pores of the porous metal oxide can be adjusted.

Abstract: A porous carbonaceous composite material including a core including a carbon nanotube (CNT); and a coating layer on the core, the coating layer including a carbonaceous material including a hetero element.

Abstract: An organic electrolytic solution including a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and a linear or cyclic polymerizable monomer that is negatively charged due to localization of electrons on the monomer, and a lithium battery employing the same. Since the organic electrolytic solution prevents decomposition of an electrolyte and elution from or precipitation of metal ions, the lithium battery employing the organic electrolytic solution has excellent lifetime characteristics and cycle characteristics.

Abstract: Provided are a porous anode active material, a method of preparing the same, and an anode and a lithium battery employing the same. The porous anode active material includes fine particles of metallic substance capable of forming a lithium alloy; a crystalline carboneous substance; and a porous carboneous material coating and attaching to the fine particles of metallic substance and the crystalline carboneous substance, the porous anode active material having pores exhibiting a bimodal size distribution with two pore diameter peaks as measured by a Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) pore size distribution from a nitrogen adsorption. The porous anode active material has the pores having a bimodal size distribution, and thus may efficiently remove a stress occurring due to a difference of expansion between a carboneous material and a metallic active material during charging and discharging.

Abstract: A negative electrode, a lithium battery employing the negative electrode, and a method of preparing the negative electrode. The negative electrode includes a current collector, and a negative electrode active material layer disposed on the current collector. The negative electrode active material layer includes: composite negative electrode active material particles comprising tin (Sn), and conductive metal particles. The conductive metal particles form an intermetallic compound with the Sn, and an average particle size of the conductive metal particles is at least 10 ?m.

Abstract: A porous carbonaceous composite material, a positive electrode and lithium air battery including the porous carbonaceous composite material, and a method of preparing the porous carbonaceous composite material. The porous carbonaceous composite material includes a carbon nanotube (CNT); and a modified carbonaceous material doped with a heterogeneous element, wherein the ratio of the number of surface oxygen atoms to the number of surface carbon atoms ranges upward from about 2 atom %.

Abstract: A protected anode including an anode including a lithium titanium oxide; and a protective layer including a compound represented by Formula 1 below, a lithium air battery including the same, and an all-solid battery including the protected anode: Li1+XMXA2?XSiYP3?YO12??<Formula 1> wherein M may be at least one of aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), indium (In), scandium (Sc), or chromium (Cr), A may be at least one of germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), hafnium (Hf), and zirconium (Zr), 0?X?1, and 0?Y?1.

Abstract: A lithium air battery including a negative electrode comprising lithium, a positive electrode using oxygen as a positive active material, and an organic electrolyte including an organic compound capable of intercalating and deintercalating electrons involved in an electrochemical reaction.

Abstract: An organic electrolytic solution including a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and a compound represented by the formula and a lithium battery employing the organic electrolytic solution. Groups Z1 and Z2 are each, independently, a cyano group, an isocyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted dicyanoethylphosphino group, or a substituted or unsubstituted dialkoxyphosphoryloxy group. Groups R1 through R4 are described fully in the Description. The organic electrolyte solution inhibits decomposition of an electrolytic solution and elution or precipitation of metal ions, and thus the lithium battery including the organic electrolytic solution has excellent cycle characteristics and lifetime characteristics.

Abstract: A lithium battery includes a cathode; an anode; and an organic electrolyte solution. The cathode includes cathode active materials that discharge oxygen during charging and discharging. The organic electrolyte solution includes: lithium salt; an organic solvent, and at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by Formula 1 and Formula 2 below: P(R1)a(OR2)b??Formula 1 O?P(R1)a(OR2)b.??Formula 2 R1 is each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C30 aryl group. R2 is each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C30 aryl group. a and b are each independently in a range of about 0 to about 3 and a+b=3.

Abstract: A lithium air battery including an electrolyte including lithium ion conductive polymers and lithium salts between a positive electrode and a lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte membrane. The lithium ion conductive polymers are hydrophilic matrix polymers.

Abstract: A porous carbonaceous composite material including a core including a carbon nanotube (CNT); and a coating layer on the core, the coating layer including a carbonaceous material including a hetero element.