Abstract: A color filter is disposed on a substrate. An organic photodiode is disposed on the color filter. The organic photodiode includes an electrode insulating layer having a recess region on the substrate, a first electrode on the color filter, the first electrode filling the recess region of the electrode insulating layer, a second electrode on the first electrode, and an organic photoelectric conversion layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode includes a seam extending at a first angle from a side surface of the recess region of the electrode insulating layer.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a color filter on a substrate, first and second organic photodiodes on the color filter, and first and second capacitors connected to the first and second organic photodiodes, respectively. The color filter is spaced apart from a first surface of the substrate. Each of the first and second organic photodiodes face an upper surface of the color filter. The first capacitor includes a first conductive pattern and a first insulating space. The first conductive pattern extends through the substrate, and the first insulating spacer surrounds a sidewall of the first conductive pattern and has a first thickness. The second capacitor includes a second conductive pattern and a second insulating spacer. The second conductive pattern extends through the substrate, and the second insulating spacer surrounds a sidewall of the second conductive pattern and has a second thickness smaller than the first thickness.

Abstract: Image sensors are provided. An image sensor includes a color filter layer. The image sensor includes a metal structure adjacent a sidewall of the color filter layer. The image sensor includes an insulating layer on the color filter layer. Moreover, the image sensor includes an electrode layer on the insulating layer. Methods of forming image sensors are also provided.

Abstract: A color filter is disposed on a substrate. An organic photodiode is disposed on the color filter. The organic photodiode includes an electrode insulating layer having a recess region on the substrate, a first electrode on the color filter, the first electrode filling the recess region of the electrode insulating layer, a second electrode on the first electrode, and an organic photoelectric conversion layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode includes a seam extending at a first angle from a side surface of the recess region of the electrode insulating layer.

Abstract: An optical biosensor, and a method of manufacturing the same, includes a first layer, a second layer stacked on the first layer, a first grating coupler within the first layer and the second layer, and a second grating coupler within the first layer. The first grating coupler is configured to couple a light pattern provided to a front side of the optical biosensor. The second grating coupler is configured to output the light pattern coupled by the first grating coupler to a photoelectric conversion element on a rear side of the optical biosensor.

Abstract: Image sensors are provided. An image sensor includes a color filter layer. The image sensor includes a metal structure adjacent a sidewall of the color filter layer. The image sensor includes an insulating layer on the color filter layer. Moreover, the image sensor includes an electrode layer on the insulating layer. Methods of forming image sensors are also provided.

Abstract: An optical coupling system is provided which includes a first layer structure and a second layer structure. The first layer structure includes a plurality of layers sequentially stacked on a substrate, and is configured to compresses a beam emitted from a light source along a direction substantially perpendicular to a top surface of the substrate. The second layer structure is formed on the substrate, and is configured to compresses the beam, having passed through the first layer structure, along a direction substantially parallel to the top surface of the substrate.

Abstract: An optical biosensor may include a biosensing unit, detection unit, and signal processing unit. The biosensing unit may be configured for receiving first and second optical signals (which are generated from a phase-modulated optical signal), outputting a sensing signal by transmitting the first optical signal via a first optical path that includes a sensing resonator, and outputting a reference signal by transmitting the second optical signal via a second optical path that includes a reference resonator. The detection unit may be configured for receiving the sensing signal and the reference signal, detecting a phase element of each of the sensing signal and the reference signal through a signal demodulation operation, and detecting a phase difference between the sensing signal and the reference signal according to the detected phase elements. The signal processing unit may be configured for calculating the concentration of a bio-material based on the detected phase difference.

Abstract: A sequencing apparatus may include a bio-disk having reaction regions in which nucleic acids are polymerized; a stage configured to revolve around an axis, the stage including optical heads for detecting lights emitted from the plurality of reaction regions due to the polymerization of the nucleic acids; and/or a control unit configured to generate data regarding base sequences of the nucleic acids in the reaction regions based on wavelengths of the lights detected by the plurality of optical heads. An optical head may include a light emitting unit configured to emit light toward a reaction region in which nucleic acids are polymerized; a light receiving unit configured to receive the light emitted by the light emitting unit; a de-multiplexing unit configured to de-multiplex the light received by the light receiving unit; and/or a plurality of photoelectric converting units configured to convert the de-multiplexed light to electrical signals.

Abstract: An optical biosensor including a bio-sensing unit configured to receive an optical signal and generating a sensed optical signal, the wavelength of which varies according to a result of sensing a biomaterial; and a spectrometer including a plurality of ring resonators for dividing the sensed optical signal according to a wavelength and generating a plurality of output optical signals, respectively.

Abstract: An optical biosensor may include a biosensing unit, detection unit, and signal processing unit. The biosensing unit may be configured for receiving first and second optical signals (which are generated from a phase-modulated optical signal), outputting a sensing signal by transmitting the first optical signal via a first optical path that includes a sensing resonator, and outputting a reference signal by transmitting the second optical signal via a second optical path that includes a reference resonator. The detection unit may be configured for receiving the sensing signal and the reference signal, detecting a phase element of each of the sensing signal and the reference signal through a signal demodulation operation, and detecting a phase difference between the sensing signal and the reference signal according to the detected phase elements. The signal processing unit may be configured for calculating the concentration of a bio-material based on the detected phase difference.

Abstract: An optical coupling system is provided which includes a first layer structure and a second layer structure. The first layer structure includes a plurality of layers sequentially stacked on a substrate, and is configured to compresses a beam emitted from a light source along a direction substantially perpendicular to a top surface of the substrate. The second layer structure is formed on the substrate, and is configured to compresses the beam, having passed through the first layer structure, along a direction substantially parallel to the top surface of the substrate.

Abstract: An optical biosensor, and a method of manufacturing the same, includes a first layer, a second layer stacked on the first layer, a first grating coupler within the first layer and the second layer, and a second grating coupler within the first layer. The first grating coupler is configured to couple a light pattern provided to a front side of the optical biosensor. The second grating coupler is configured to output the light pattern coupled by the first grating coupler to a photoelectric conversion element on a rear side of the optical biosensor.

Abstract: An optical biosensor including a bio-sensing unit configured to receive an optical signal and generating a sensed optical signal, the wavelength of which varies according to a result of sensing a biomaterial; and a spectrometer including a plurality of ring resonators for dividing the sensed optical signal according to a wavelength and generating a plurality of output optical signals, respectively.

Abstract: An optical biosensor includes a sensing block that receives a first optical signal and outputs a second optical signal through at least one channel of a plurality of channels that correspond to a sensed concentration of a biomaterial; and a detecting block that detects the second optical signal, converts the second optical signal into an electrical signal, and outputs the electrical signal.