Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel Group 4 transition metal compound, a method for preparing the compound, a catalyst composition comprising the compound, and a method for preparing a polyolefin comprising performing a polymerization reaction of olefin monomers, in the presence of the catalyst composition. Since the Group 4 transition metal compound of the present invention exhibits an excellent catalytic activity in polyolefin synthesis reactions, as well as having excellent thermal stability, it can be used for polyolefin synthesis reactions at high temperatures, and by changing the type of a central metal and ligand, the weight average molecular weight of synthesized polyolefins and the octene content in the polymer can be controlled. Therefore, it can be effectively used in polyolefin synthesis processes in which grades are controlled.

Abstract: An operation method of a first communication node in an Ethernet-based vehicle network includes identifying a link status between the first communication node and each of a plurality of communication nodes included in the vehicle network; receiving a first frame from a second communication node whose link status is normal among the plurality of communication nodes; identifying a first time difference between a local time of the first communication node and a time stamp of the first frame; and determining a synchronization error between the first communication node and the second communication node based on the first time difference.

Abstract: In-vehicle communication and, more particularly, a controller operating an in-vehicle Ethernet environment and a control method thereof are disclosed. A controller operating in an in-vehicle Ethernet network includes a central processing unit (CPU) and a physical layer (PHY) device connected to the CPU through a first interface, a second interface, and a first pin, wherein the PHY device includes a decoder, the PHY device being configured based on a predetermined configuration value for initialization irrespective of booting of an operating system of the CPU, and the decoder decodes compressed video data received from an external source through the Ethernet network into uncompressed video data and transmits the uncompressed video data to the external source after initialization of the PHY device is completed based on configuration of the first pin.

Abstract: In-vehicle communication and, more particularly, a signal conversion method in a vehicle having Ethernet and controller area network (CAN) communication coexisting therein and an apparatus to perform the same are provided. The signal conversion method includes determining, by a processor, a start bit of at least one CAN signal disposed in a CAN message and generating an Ethernet signal having the CAN signal and the start bit that corresponds to the CAN signal in different fields.

Abstract: An operation method of a first communication node comprises: receiving a first frame from a second communication node; obtaining a destination address of the first frame; and transmitting a second frame including an indicator for indicating an occurrence of an error in the first frame to a communication node corresponding to a source address of the first frame, when a port corresponding to the destination address does not exist in a routing table.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to porous boron nitride and a method for preparing the same. The porous boron nitride of the present invention may be obtained by mixing a boron source with a nitrogen source, heating the mixture to form a compound, and then, extracting elements other than boron and nitrogen. The porous boron nitride of the present invention comprises both micropores and mesopoers, and it has a large specific surface area, and thus, may be usefully used in various fields.

Abstract: An operation method of a first communication node in a vehicle network, which includes a power sourcing equipment (PSE) for supplying power to a second communication node and a powered device (PD) for obtaining power from the second communication node, includes: operating the first communication node in a first mode based on the PSE that is activated and the PD that is inactivated; receiving a first signal requesting power supply from the second communication node; and supplying power to the second communication node in response to the first signal.

Abstract: Disclosed are power supply methods in a power over data lines (PoDL) system for a vehicle network. An operation method of a power sourcing equipment (PSE) for power supply to a powered device (PD) comprises measuring an input voltage applied to the PSE; detecting a low voltage state in which the input voltage is lower than a low voltage detection reference voltage; determining whether the low voltage state is a transient voltage drop state; and entering a settle-sleep step when the low voltage state is not the transient voltage drop state, and stopping the power supply between the PSE and the PD while maintaining a link between the PSE and the PD when the low voltage state is the transient voltage drop state.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for allocating an address to an Electronic Control Unit (ECU) on an in-vehicle Ethernet network and devices therefor. A method may include allocating a first address value identifying the in-vehicle Ethernet network, allocating a second address value identifying a domain corresponding to the ECU, allocating a third address value identifying a group of ECUs in the allocated domain, allocating a fourth address value identifying the ECU in the group, and generating an IP address including the allocated first to fourth address values. The generated IP address is set as a fixed IP address of the ECU.

Abstract: Disclosed are link status diagnostic methods for a vehicle network. A link status diagnostic method performed in a communication node includes: identifying a type of a fault occurring in a link connected to the communication node; generating a signal including a link fault type indicator indicating the type of the fault; and transmitting the signal. Also, the signal is generated and transmitted according to an auto negotiation protocol. Therefore, stability and reliability of the vehicle network can be enhanced, thereby improving overall performance of the vehicle network.

Abstract: Methods for time synchronization among communication nodes in a vehicle network are disclosed. An operation method of a first communication node includes: transmitting a first frame requesting verification of time synchronization to a second communication node; receiving a second frame including information indicating a link delay time of the second communication node from the second communication node; receiving a third frame including information indicating a transmission time of the second frame from the second communication node; and verifying time synchronization between the first and second communication nodes based on the information included in the received second and third frames.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel group 4 transition metal compound, a method for preparing the compound, a catalyst composition containing the compound, and a method for preparing a polyolefin, comprising a step for forming a polymerization reaction of olefin monomers in the presence of the catalyst composition. The group 4 transition metal compound of the present invention exhibits an excellent catalytic activity and has excellent thermal stability in a polyolefin synthesis reaction, and thus can be used even in a polyolefin synthesis reaction at a high temperature. In addition, the compound of the present invention can be advantageously used in the synthesis process of grade-controlled polyolefin since the weight average molecular weight of the synthesized polyolefin and the octane content in the polymer can be adjusted by varying the kinds of center metal and ligand.

Abstract: An operation method of a switch apparatus includes: obtaining configuration information of communication nodes connected to the switch apparatus; identifying ports connected to end nodes among the communication nodes based on the configuration information; identifying link statuses of the ports; and when the link statuses of the ports are a DOWN state during a predetermined period of time, changing an operation mode of the switch apparatus from a normal mode to a low-power mode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling an audio/video bridging (AVB) stream in an in-vehicle Ethernet communication network. A method for controlling an audio/video bridging (AVB) stream in an in-vehicle Ethernet communication network may include configuring an AVB frame using audio/video (AV) data received from an upper application layer, acquiring a stream subtype identifier (ID) corresponding to the configured AVB frame, identifying a host having generated the AVB frame, identifying a domain including the identified host, identifying a stream class of the AVB frame, generating an AVB stream ID based on the acquired stream subtype ID, the identified host, the identified domain and the identified stream class, and transmitting the generated AVB stream ID in the AVB frame to a sub layer.

Abstract: An operation method of a communication node in a vehicle network is disclosed. A transmission method performed by a communication node may be configured to comprise performing an initialization operation for transmission of an audio video bridging (AVB) stream, performing an operation of obtaining a buffer for the transmission of the AVB stream, performing the transmission of the AVB stream stored in the buffer, and performing an operation of finalizing the transmission of the AVB stream. Accordingly, performance of the vehicle network can be enhanced.

Abstract: An operation method of a communication node in an Ethernet-based vehicle network, the communication node including a regulator, a physical (PHY) layer unit, and a processor, includes outputting, by the processor, a first signal to initiate a supply of power to the communication node; outputting, by the processor, a second signal to initiate a transition of the communication node from a normal mode to a sleep mode; and transitioning, by the PHY layer unit, the communication node from the normal mode to the sleep mode when the second signal is received at the PHY layer unit from the processor.

Abstract: A method for providing network time synchronization using a redundant grandmaster includes sensing a loss of the grandmaster. A sync message is generated according to a sensed result. The generated sync message is transmitted through a clock master port.

Abstract: A network diagnosis method and apparatus are disclosed. An operation method of a first communication node includes checking whether each of communication nodes connected to the first communication node are in a fault state based on a first message transmitted between the communication nodes and a first response message, which is a response to the first message and generating a diagnosis response message including identification information of the communication node that is in a fault state or normal state. Accordingly, network performance may be enhanced.

Abstract: An operation method of a communication node including a physical (PHY) layer block and a controller , includes: receiving, at the PHY layer block, a signal transmitted from a counterpart communication node; transmitting, by the PHY layer block, a wakeup signal for waking up the controller to the controller; storing, by the PHY layer block, data included in the signal received from the counterpart communication node in a PHY layer buffer; and transmitting, by the PHY layer block, the data stored in the PHY layer buffer to the controller.

Abstract: An operation method of a communication node including a physical (PHY) layer block and a controller includes: transmitting, by the controller, a wakeup signal for a booting operation of an operating system (OS) in a counterpart communication node to the counterpart communication node through the PHY layer block; determining, by the controller, that the booting operation of the OS in the counterpart communication node is completed; and transmitting, by the controller, data to the counterpart communication node through the PHY layer block after the booting operation of the OS in the counterpart communication node is completed.