Abstract: A magnetic memory device such as a magnetic random access memory (MRAM), and a memory module and a memory system on which the magnetic memory device is mounted are disclosed. The MRAM includes magnetic memory cells each of which varies between at least two states according to a magnetization direction and an interface unit that provides various interface functions. The memory module includes a module board and at least one MRAM chip mounted on the module board, and further includes a buffer chip that manages an operation of the at least one MRAM chip. The memory system includes the MRAM and a memory controller that communicates with the MRAM, and may communicate an electric-to-optical conversion signal or an optical-to-electric conversion signal by using an optical link that is connected between the MRAM and the memory controller.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a cell array including one or more bank groups, where each of the one or more bank groups includes a plurality of banks and each of the plurality of banks includes a plurality of spin transfer torque magneto resistive random access memory (STT-MRAM) cells. The semiconductor memory device further includes a source voltage generating unit for applying a voltage to a source line connected to the each of the plurality of STT-MRAM cells, and a command decoder for decoding a command from an external source in order to perform read and write operations on the plurality of STT-MRAM cells.

Abstract: A magnetic random access memory (MRAM), and a memory module, memory system including the same, and method for controlling the same are disclosed. The MRAM includes magnetic memory cells configured to change between at least two states according to a magnetization direction, and a mode register supporting a plurality of operational modes.

Abstract: Novel influenza viruses A/Canine/Korea/01/07 (H3N2), A/Canine/Korea/02/07 (H3N2) and A/Canine/Korea/03/07 (H3N2) are disclosed. A vaccine composition comprising at least one of the viruses, a method for preventing or treating diseases resulting from influenza virus infection by administering the vaccine composition, and an assay kit for detecting the viruses are also disclosed.

Abstract: A wireless wake-up system and an operation method thereof are provided to optimize power consumption when wireless data is received. The wireless wake-up system activates a wake-up detection module and then compares a wireless input signal received through an antenna with a pre-stored reference value. If the wireless input signal is equal to the reference value, the wireless wake-up system determines that the input signal is a wake-up signal with a low bit rate, and then generates a wake-up command corresponding to the wake-up signal. Also, the wireless wake-up system activates a selected module kept in an inactive state by sending the wake-up command to the selected module. The activated module may be a microcontroller unit (MCU). When the MCU is activated, the wireless wake-up system may inactivate the wake-up detection module.

Abstract: An antitheft method and system for motorcycles are provided. The antitheft method and system for motorcycles authenticate an electronic identifier when power-up of a motorcycle or engine start-up is sensed and cut off the power-up or engine start-up if the power-up or engine start-up is not authenticated. An electronic control unit can generate a theft alarm signal in case of unauthenticated power-up or engine start-up. The motorcycle engine is automatically stopped if the engine is started through an illegal method, and thus the motorcycle is prevented from being stolen. Further, a user can confirm the electronic identifier and start the motorcycle without inserting a key into a key cylinder, and thus the user can start the motorcycle easily and rapidly.

Abstract: Novel influenza viruses A/Canine/Korea/01/07 (H3N2), A/Canine/Korea/02/07 (H3N2) and A/Canine/Korea/03/07 (H3N2) are disclosed. A vaccine composition comprising at least one of the viruses, a method for preventing or treating diseases resulting from influenza virus infection by administering the vaccine composition, and an assay kit for detecting the viruses are also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided are a passive entry system for changing a scan method to reduce battery consumption of a smart key and a method for performing a function thereof. In the passive entry system, a smart key ECU periodically transmits a low-frequency scan signal for detecting the smart key. When the smart key being in a slip state is located within a receiving radius of the scan signal, the smart key receives the scan signal and is converted into an active state. Battery consumption of the smart key can be reduced because the smart key normally being in the slip state is converted into the active state when receiving the scan signal from the smart key ECU. Furthermore, the smart key is converted into the active state only within the low-frequency scan signal receiving radius formed near an automobile and requests the smart key ECU to perform a function of the automobile, for example, a function of closing/opening doors. Accordingly, a reliable passive entry system can be achieved.

Abstract: There are provided an apparatus and a method of managing short message service (SMS) messages related to the settlement of payments using a hand-held phone. The apparatus includes a message receiver, a settlement-related SMS message manager, and a message displayer. The message receiver receives and stores SMS messages. The settlement-related SMS message manager searches settlement-related SMS messages of the SMS messages based on attribute data of the SMS messages to create settlement-related statistical data. The message displayer displays the settlement-related statistical data to the outside. Users can conveniently manage data on payments to be settled and receives statistically analyzed settlement-related data as settlement-related SMS messages can be managed in a HHP.

Abstract: A digital contents superdistribution and transmittance method through the digital contents download services including accessing a server providing digital contents download services via a communication network to make payment for digital contents on the server, and receiving a download of the digital contents on which a security code is set; distributing the downloaded digital contents for which payment has been made to another user; executing the digital contents on the another user's computer, and accessing the server automatically via a communication network; and if the server is accessed and payment is made for the digital contents by the another user, offering a predetermined compensation to the user that has received the download. Accordingly, those who properly receive a download of digital contents can re-distribute the digital contents, and digital contents distribution can be promoted by offering a predetermined portion of profits resulting from the distribution.

Abstract: There are provided an apparatus and a method of managing short message service (SMS) messages related to the settlement of payments using a hand-held phone. The apparatus includes a message receiver, a settlement-related SMS message manager, and a message displayer. The message receiver receives and stores SMS messages. The settlement-related SMS message manager searches settlement-related SMS messages of the SMS messages based on attribute data of the SMS messages to create settlement-related statistical data. The message displayer displays the settlement-related statistical data to the outside. Users can conveniently manage data on payments to be settled and receives statistically analysed settlement-related data as settlement-related SMS messages can be managed in a HHP.

Abstract: A digital contents superdistribution and transmittance method through the digital contents download services including accessing a server providing digital contents download services via a communication network to make payment for digital contents on the server, and receiving a download of the digital contents on which a security code is set; distributing the downloaded digital contents for which payment has been made to another user; executing the digital contents on the another user's computer, and accessing the server automatically via a communication network; and if the server is accessed and payment is made for the digital contents by the another user, offering a predetermined compensation to the user that has received the download. Accordingly, those who properly receive a download of digital contents can re-distribute the digital contents, and digital contents distribution can be promoted by offering a predetermined portion of profits resulting from the distribution.

Abstract: An electronic music distribution (EMD) service system and method using a synchronous multimedia integration language (SMIL) format under a network environment, the system including a web server to upload a multimedia file, which is generated using a synchronous multimedia integration language (SMIL) format, from the web browser of a user terminal linked to the network, to generate a hyper text markup language (HTML) corresponding to the multimedia file, and to display the HTML file so that a user can access the HTML file through a web browser; a file database to store the uploaded multimedia file and the corresponding HTML file; and a streaming server to search the file database for a multimedia file requested by the web browser linked to the web page and to provide the multimedia file in a streaming service.