Abstract: A method of shutting down a fuel cell system and a fuel cell system using the method include a fuel cell having an anode and a cathode attached to opposite sides of an electrolyte membrane and generating electric energy by-electrochemical reaction between a gaseous hydrogen-containing fuel and an oxidizing agent respectively supplied to the anode and the cathode. The method includes electrically disconnecting an external load from the fuel cell in response to a shutting down signal for the fuel cell, intercepting the gaseous fuel and the oxidizing agent, and electrically connecting output terminals coupled to the anode and the cathode of the fuel cell with respective terminals of a battery, each battery terminal having a same polarity as the coupled anode or cathode.

Abstract: A fuel cell system including a stack provided with a plurality of unit cells generating electricity based on a chemical reaction between hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, and a reformer for supplying the hydrogen gas obtained by reforming hydrogen-containing fuel to the stack. A fuel storage tank is provided for storing the hydrogen-containing fuel to be supplied to the reformer and an air supplier is provided for supplying air to the stack. An injection nozzle assembly is detachably provided and includes an injection means placed in front of the inlet formed in the first side of the reformer to introduce the hydrogen-containing fuel from the fuel storage tank.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display of the present invention is disclosed. The reflective liquid crystal display of the present invention comprising: a lower substrate including a reflective electrode and a lower orientation film; an upper substrate opposed to the lower substrate, the upper substrate including a transparent substrate and an upper orientation film, the transparent substrate being capable of compensating a phase of ?/4 with an optical axis of a predetermined angle, the upper orientation film being formed on a surface of the transparent substrate opposed to the lower substrate; a twisted nematic liquid crystal layer interposed between the lower substrate and the upper substrate, including a predetermined phase delay value (d? n); and a polarizing plate attached to a outer surface of the upper substrate not opposed to the lower substrate, having a predetermined polarizing axis.

Abstract: An optical bench, an integrated optical system, and an optical alignment method are provided. The integrated optical system includes a light source; a main photodetector which receives light that is emitted from the light source and reflected from a disc; an optical bench on which the light source and the main photodetector are installed; a lens unit installed on the optical bench; and an optical path separator which separates a path of light from the light source to the lens unit and a path of light from the lens unit. The optical bench includes a landing recess which is open upward toward the disc and which has an aperture on a bottom thereof to pass light. The optical path separator is mounted within the landing recess.

Abstract: An optical head has a beam input/output coupler on a planar waveguide and other parts including: a light transmitting element emitting a beam; a planar waveguide formed on a substrate and receiving the beam oscillated from the light transmitting element; a beam input/output coupler integrated as a thin film on a portion of the planar waveguide and receiving the beam through the planar waveguide to transmit the beam vertically toward a disc positioned above the planar waveguide or transmitting the beam reflected from the disc through the planar waveguide; and light receiving elements receiving the beam propagated to the planar waveguide through the beam input/output coupler.

Abstract: Provided are a jig used in a forming a cover layer of a small form factor optical disk and a method forming a cover layer in a small form factor optical disk using the jig. The jig includes: a body; a cylindrical wall formed inside the body and mounting an optical disk plate to a predetermined depth; and a pin positioned in a center of the cylindrical wall and combined with a central hole of the optical disk plate.

Abstract: An optical pickup apparatus and a method of combining a submount and an optical bench of the optical pickup apparatus are provided. The optical pickup apparatus includes an optical bench, a submount installed on the optical bench, a light source mounted on the submount, a lens unit joined to the optical bench, and an optical path separator which separates light that is emitted from the light source and then proceeds to the lens unit from light that is incident from the lens unit, wherein the submount is soldered to the optical bench.

Abstract: An optical system including a light source that generates light, a mirror changing an optical path of the light generated by the light source and an aberration correcting element that corrects aberrations generated in the light reflected from the mirror due to an error in the surface shape of the mirror.

Abstract: An optical system and an information apparatus using the optical system are provided. The optical system includes an optical bench on which a light source and a photodetector including a main photodetector receiving the light are mounted. A lens unit is coupled to the optical bench, and an optical path separating member separates an optical path of light emitted from the light source and propagating toward the lens unit and an optical path of light incident from the lens unit. The optical system may include a monitor photodetector and/or an optical path forming unit coupled to the optical bench. The monitor photodetector receives a portion of the light emitted from the light source. The optical path forming unit includes a first mirror reflecting the light emitted from the light source and a second mirror reflecting the light incident from the lens unit and reflected by the first mirror.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a transfer for a tray feeder comprising: a base frame; a support frame installed at both sides of the base frame; first and second linear motion guiders installed oppositely and longitudinally to the inside of the support frame and having a plurality of first and second linear motion guide rails; first and second plates installed to an upper portion of the first and second linear guides and having a cylinder block capable of supporting a side of the tray received an electronic parts and the like; and a driving unit installed to a side portion of the support frame and for making the movement of the first and second plates; wherein the first and second plates can move along the first and second guide rails, crossing with each other.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a carbon-porous media composite electrode material, a composite electrode using the same and a preparation method thereof. The carbon-porous media composite electrode can be applied for a device such as a secondary battery, a capacitor or the like, or for preparing ultra pure water using a capacitive deionization process, purifying salty water or the like.

Abstract: Provided is a planar focusing grating coupler, comprising: a light waveguide including a cladding layer and a core layer formed on a substrate and maintaining incident laser light in a single mode; and a focusing grating coupler formed to have a predetermined grating pitch at a certain area over the core layer, wherein the light using to the light waveguide forms a focal point with the grating layer in the direction perpendicular to the focusing grating coupler, whereby an ultra small pickup head for a mobile optical disk can be used.

Abstract: Provided are a stamper fabricated by using an embossing master and a focusing grating coupler fabricated by using the stamper, which is applicable to a subminiature pickup head for a mobile optic disk, whereby it is possible to reduce a weight and a volume of the pickup head with a simple process and low cost and to apply for mass production.

Abstract: A tent frame including: leg posts a plurality of expandable connectors connected in pairs between adjacent posts, each connector having first and second outer ends and is fixedly connected at the first outer end to the upper end of one post and slidably connected at the second outer end to a lower portion of the same post, each connector movable between extended and folded states; a roof comprising upper poles, each pivotally connected to a post and to a central pole, each upper pole and corresponding central pole are movable between an extended and folded states; and support pole assemblies, each connected at one end to slide with a second outer end and at another end to a central pole so that each connector, upper pole and central pole expand together to the extended state and the support pole assemblies support the central poles to maintain the extended state.

Abstract: A leaky plasmon mode directional coupler and a polarization detection module for a magneto-optical pickup head, which uses the leaky plasmon mode directional coupler, are provided. The leaky plasmon mode directional coupler is manufactured by integrating a planar waveguide and a leaky plasmon mode waveguide, which share a cladding layer with each other, into one body. The polarization detection module includes the leaky plasmon mode directional coupler, a first photo diode, which is formed on the leaky plasmon mode directional coupler, and a second photo diode, which is located at an output port of the planar waveguide.

Abstract: An exchanger for a tray feeder is provided which can easily and stably grasp and move a tray plate loaded with electronic parts using a suction force. A plurality of vacuum pads are provided on a moveable nozzle support unit of the exchanger. The vacuum pads are mounted on a plurality of suction nozzles along the surface of the nozzle support unit. A plurality of stoppers are interspersed between pairs of adjacent suction nozzles. These stoppers stably and precisely position the tray plate while it is grasped by the suction nozzles and moved through the action of the nozzle support unit.

Abstract: An elevation apparatus for a handler used for loading/unloading integrated circuit devices into/from a test tray is provide that includes an up/down block slidably mounted to be vertically displaceable with respect to a base plate. A nozzle block is affixed to the up/down block for displacement therewith. An aligner assembly is disposed above the nozzle block and supported by a pair of upper base blocks that are slidably mounted for displacement relative to the base plate. An elastically coupling assembly couples the pair of upper base blocks to the up/down block, the elastic coupling assembly upwardly displacing the pair of upper base blocks responsive to a corresponding upward displacement of the up/down block. The apparatus also includes a drive assembly secured to the base plate and coupled to the up/down block for vertically displacing the up/down block.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a stacker for a tray feeder including: a plurality of frames for forming an outer portion of the stacker; an elevator capable of moving upwardly and downwardly and positioned at a side of an auxiliary frame of the plurality of frames; a driving means for driving the elevator; and a magazine for receiving the tray plates and mounted to the elevator. According to the present invention, the tray plate on which the electronic parts is positioned is precisely mounted by the magazine having the alignment bars due to operation of the stacker, and safely transferred to a predetermined position, to improve productivity and reliability.

Abstract: A mounter head is provided for a surface mounting apparatus which is capable of easily controlling a pitch of a mounting device as well as preventing backlash when the device is mounted on a printed circuit board. The mounter head includes a rack block having a rack for moving up and down by means of a pinion rotated by a driving source; a nozzle shaft installed at one side of the moving unit; a nozzle secured to the lower end of the nozzle shaft for sucking a device to be mounted; and a driving source installed corresponding to each nozzle shaft for rotating each nozzle.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a stacker for a tray feeder including: a plurality of frames for forming an outer portion of the stacker; an elevator capable of moving upwardly and downwardly and positioned at a side of an auxiliary frame of the plurality of frames; a driving means for driving the elevator; and a magazine for receiving the tray plates and mounted to the elevator. According to the present invention, the tray plate on which the electronic parts is positioned is precisely mounted by the magazine having the alignment bars due to operation of the stacker, and safely transferred to a predetermined position, to improve productivity and reliability.