Abstract: The reformer for a fuel cell system includes a reforming reaction part that generates hydrogen gas from a fuel through a catalyst reforming reaction using heat energy, and a carbon monoxide reducing part that reduces the concentration of carbon monoxide in the hydrogen gas, through an oxidizing reaction of hydrogen gas with the oxidant. The carbon monoxide reducing part includes a first reducing part including a first carbon monoxide oxidizing catalyst and a second reducing part including a second carbon monoxide oxidizing catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a thin film transistor array panel and apparatus and more particularly to an apparatus containing an in-situ fluorine generation chamber.

Abstract: A carbon monoxide oxidizing catalyst for a reformer of a fuel cell system comprises: a compound including selenium oxide, tellurium oxide, bismuth oxide, or a combination thereof; copper oxide; and cesium oxide.

Abstract: An etchant for removing an indium oxide layer includes sulfuric acid as a main oxidizer, an auxiliary oxidizer such as H3PO4, HNO3, CH3COOH, HClO4, H2O2, and a Compound A that is obtained by mixing potassium peroxymonosulfate (2KHSO5), potassium bisulfate (KHSO4), and potassium sulfate (K2SO4) together in the ratio of 5:3:2, an etching inhibitor comprising an ammonium-based material, and water. The etchant may remove desired portions of the indium oxide layer without damage to a photoresist pattern or layers underlying the indium oxide layer.

Abstract: An on-die termination control unit turns on/off a corresponding transistor according to a code signal and adjusts an on-die termination resistance so it is equal to an external resistance. An offset compensating unit detects an offset voltage from an output voltage of the on-die termination control unit, stores the detected offset voltage in a capacitor, compares the capacitor voltage canceled the offset voltage with a preset reference voltage, and outputs the comparison result. A latch stores the output of the offset compensating unit for a predetermined time. A counter counts the output of the latch and increases or decreases the code signal.

Abstract: An on-die termination apparatus for a semiconductor memory according to the invention includes: a first D/A converting unit that outputs a first voltage corresponding to a first code;.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for controlling data output of a memory device using a DLL clock signal, the device comprising: an output driver for outputting data; and a CAS latency control unit for generating a signal adjusting an operation timing of the output driver depending on CAS latency, wherein the CAS latency control unit generates a signal for controlling the output driver by using time difference between the DLL clock signal and an external clock applied to the memory device from an exterior.

Abstract: An input circuit for a semiconductor integrated circuit in which an operational state is constant even when a process condition, a temperature, a voltage, and the like are varied at the time of operation is provided. The input circuit includes a first input unit that performs a first amplifying operation on a potential difference between a reference voltage and an input signal and outputs a result of the amplification, and a second input unit that performs a second amplifying operation on a signal amplified by the first input unit and outputs a result of the amplification.

Abstract: An on-die termination control unit turns on/off a corresponding transistor according to a code signal and adjusts an on-die termination resistance so it is equal to an external resistance. An offset compensating unit detects an offset voltage from an output voltage of the on-die termination control unit, stores the detected offset voltage in a capacitor, compares the capacitor voltage canceled the offset voltage with a preset reference voltage, and outputs the comparison result. A latch stores the output of the offset compensating unit for a predetermined time. A counter counts the output of the latch and increases or decreases the code signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a thin film transistor array panel and apparatus and more particularly to an apparatus containing an in-situ fluorine generation chamber.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for efficiently starting a high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack and a fuel cell system using the same method. The high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack electrochemically oxidizes a fuel received from a fuel reformer to generate electricity, operates at high temperature, and does not require external steam. The method for starting the high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack preheats the stack through a heating block coupled to the stack, senses the temperature of the stack, compares the sensed temperature of the stack with a reference temperature, and supplies off-gas from the fuel reformer to the stack according to the results of comparison. Thus, the conductive heat of the heating block and the high temperature off-gas of the fuel reformer are used in sequence, thereby reducing a cost and preventing the electrolyte membrane from being damaged.

Abstract: A fuel reforming apparatus including reaction substrates is provided. The reaction substrates of the present invention is made of stainless steel, nickel steel, or chromium steel. Each of the reaction substrates has a channel formed on the surface of the reaction substrate. Reactant for oxidation reaction or for fuel reforming reaction flow through the channel. A catalyst containing layer is formed on the surface of the channel by directly oxidizing the surface of the channel. Therefore, the catalyst containing layer is formed with oxidized steel. A catalyst layer is formed on the catalyst containing layer. A pair of substrates can be laminated to make one substrate a thermal source unit and another a reforming reaction unit.

Abstract: A current driver circuit includes a pull-down switch unit that is coupled between a node and a first reference potential and is operative to switch between an on-state and an off-state responsive to an input signal. A pull-up switch unit is coupled between the node and a second reference potential and is operative to switch between an on-state and an off-state, complementary to the pull-down switch unit. A turn-on speed of the pull-up switch unit is slower than that of the pull-down switch unit, and a turn-off speed of the pull-up switch unit is faster than that of the pull-down switch unit.

Abstract: A fuel reforming system and a fuel cell system including the same, the fuel reforming system including: a fuel reformer adapted to produce a reformed gas having hydrogen as a main component from a fuel containing hydrogen; a carbon monoxide (CO) remover adapted to remove carbon monoxide from the reformed gas; a heat source adapted to supply heat energy to the reformer and the CO remover; and a moving unit adapted to move the heat source between the fuel reformer and the CO remover. With this configuration, the fuel reformer and the CO remover can be directly heated by a heat source. Then, when the temperature of the CO remover reaches a catalyst activation temperature, the heat source can be moved to directly heat only the fuel reformer, thereby enhancing a reforming effect and a power generation efficiency of the fuel reforming system.

Abstract: A fuel cell system comprises: a fuel container for storing fuel liquefied with pressure; a reformer for generating hydrogen from the fuel through a catalyst reaction based on heat energy; an electric generator for generating electricity by transforming energy of an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen into electric energy; a condenser for condensing water produced in the electric generator; and a heat exchanger passing through the condenser for cooling the condenser by latent heat of the fuel. With this configuration, cooling water cooled by latent heat of a fuel container is employed to cool the condenser without using a separate cooler. Furthermore, air is mixed with butane fuel without using a separate power unit, so that it is possible to achieve a more compact and highly efficient fuel cell.

Abstract: An on-die termination control unit turns on/off a corresponding transistor according to a code signal and adjusts an on-die termination resistance so it is equal to an external resistance. An offset compensating unit detects an offset voltage from an output voltage of the on-die termination control unit, stores the detected offset voltage in a capacitor, compares the capacitor voltage canceled the offset voltage with a preset reference voltage, and outputs the comparison result. A latch stores the output of the offset compensating unit for a predetermined time. A counter counts the output of the latch and increases or decreases the code signal.

Abstract: A fuel cell system having an electricity generator that generates electricity by the electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. The electricity generator includes a membrane electrode assembly with a conductive polymer membrane, and anode and cathode electrode layers on opposite sides of the conductive polymer membrane. The electricity generator has a pair of separator plates facing the anode and cathode electrode layers of the membrane electrode assembly and having channels through which flow hydrogen containing fuel or oxygen containing gas. There is also a pair of gaskets provided on opposite sides of the ionic conductive polymer to enclose each edge of the anode and cathode electrodes so that fluid leakage is prevented between the ionic conductive polymer membrane and the separator plates, wherein at least one of the gaskets is used as a voltage measuring gasket including a nonconductive first frame and a conductive second frame.

Abstract: The present invention relates to emitting compounds for organic electroluminescent device, particularly to porphines-platinum metal complex compounds represented by the following formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 are as defined in the specification. In addition, the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent device comprising the above material which has high luminescence efficiency, enhanced operating life time, and high purity of red chromaticity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for controlling data output of a memory device using a DLL clock signal, the device comprising: an output driver for outputting data; and a CAS latency control unit for generating a signal adjusting an operation timing of the output driver depending on CAS latency, wherein the CAS latency control unit generates a signal for controlling the output driver by using time difference between the DLL clock signal and an external clock applied to the memory device from an exterior.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an output driver circuit which exhibits a reduced variation in the slew rate of an output signal thereof, irrespective of a variation in temperature occurring during a process carried out by a semiconductor memory device, to which the output driver circuit is applied, or a variation in temperature caused by the operation characteristics of the semiconductor memory device, while exhibiting excellent operation characteristics even in a high-speed operation mode thereof.