Abstract: A method of operating a memory controller, the method including performing a state shaping operation on received data based on state shaping information in response to a write request, the received data and the write request being received from a host, the state shaping information representing a memory cell characteristic corresponding to a memory cell group on which the received data is to be programmed, and the state shaping information being received from a memory device, and transmitting transformation data to the memory device, the transformation data being generated through the state shaping operation.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate including a display area and a peripheral area outside the display area, a thin-film transistor arranged in the display area, a display element arranged in the display area, an interlayer insulating layer covering the thin-film transistor, a conductive layer arranged above the interlayer insulating layer, a first insulating layer covering the conductive layer, a pad arranged in the peripheral area, and a second conductive layer covering a central portion of the pad. The pad is connected to a connection line through a contact hole, and the connection line is arranged on a same first layer as a gate electrode of the thin-film transistor. A side surface of the pad is covered by the first insulating layer or the second conductive layer.

Abstract: An artificial intelligence (AI) processor includes at least one memory; a plurality of neural network operators comprising circuitry configured to process an image; and a controller configured to control the at least one memory and the plurality of neural network operators. The controller controls input image data of an image to be stored in the at least one memory and controls at least one of the plurality of neural network operators to perform a neural network operation on image data split based on a size of the image and data processing capabilities of the plurality of neural network operators, and output upscaled image data.

Abstract: Disclosed are a display apparatus, an image providing apparatus, and methods of controlling the same, the display apparatus including: a display; and a processor configured to: decode an encoded video stream, decompress the video stream through a neural network including a plurality of channels and a plurality of layers with a parameter set based on learning, and perform image compensation determined based on learning about the decompression with respect to the video stream.

Abstract: Disclosed are a display apparatus and a method of controlling the same, the display apparatus including: a video decoder configured to decode a video signal; and an artificial intelligence (AI) scaler including a plurality of filters provided to make an output of a certain filter be used as an input of another filter, and configured to control a resolution of an image by processing the decoded video signal, each of the plurality of filters being selectively turned on or off based on a control signal, the filter being turned on processing the video signal based on a parameter set by learning, and the filter being turned off bypassing and outputting the input video signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a laundry treatment apparatus equipped with an exhaust type drying system, which is capable of not only enhancing drying efficiency while reducing consumption of energy and cooling water required to dry laundry, but also achieving smooth exhaust of air even when a water trap is formed in a drainage duct. The laundry treatment apparatus includes a casing, an outer tub, an inner tub, a drainage duct for guiding wash water stored in the outer tub to be discharged to the outside of the casing, a first exhaust duct connected, at one end thereof, to the drainage duct, to guide air present in the outer tub into the drainage duct, and a second exhaust duct upwardly branched from the drainage duct, to exhaust air present in the drainage duct to the outside of the outer tub or the outside of the cashing.

Abstract: A thin film transistor includes a substrate and a gate electrode disposed over the substrate. The gate electrode includes a center part and a peripheral part configured to at least partially surround the center part. The thin film transistor further includes a gate insulating layer disposed below the gate electrode and a first electrode insulated from the gate electrode by the gate insulating layer. The first electrode has at least a portion thereof overlapping the center part. The thin film transistor additionally includes a spacer disposed below the first electrode and a second electrode insulated from the first electrode by the spacer. The second electrode has at least a portion thereof overlapping the peripheral part. The thin film transistor further includes a semiconductor layer connected to the first and second electrodes, and insulated from the gate electrode by the gate insulating layer.

Abstract: A laundry treatment apparatus includes a cabinet. The laundry treatment apparatus further includes an outer tub. The laundry treatment apparatus further includes a circulation duct that is configured to guide air circulating through the outer tub. The laundry treatment apparatus further includes an exhaust duct that is configured to guide air exhausted from the outer tub. The laundry treatment apparatus further includes an air suction duct that is configured to guide air from outside the laundry treatment apparatus into the outer tub. The laundry treatment apparatus further includes a fan that is configured to circulate air through the outer tub. The laundry treatment apparatus further includes a heater that is located in the circulation duct and that is configured to heat air entering the outer tub. The laundry treatment apparatus further includes a plurality of heat-exchanging tubes. The laundry treatment apparatus further includes a condensed water pipe.

Abstract: A laundry treatment apparatus equipped with a thermoelectric module includes a thermoelectric element configured to emit heat from a first surface and to absorb heat through a second surface, a first heat exchange unit configured to contact the first surface of the thermoelectric element to undergo heat exchange with air upon receiving heat from the first surface, a heat transfer member having an interconnecting surface that is configured to contact the second surface of the thermoelectric element to be in a heat conducting relationship with the second surface, and a second heat exchange unit configured to contact the interconnecting surface of the heat transfer member, and that is configured to undergo heat exchange with air to enable heat to be absorbed by the second surface of the thermoelectric element through the heat transfer member.

Abstract: A laundry treatment apparatus that includes: a cabinet; an outer tub that is disposed inside the cabinet; a plurality of heat exchange tubes through which air discharged from the outer tub moves, the plurality of heat exchange tubes being arranged to have a gap between adjacent heat exchange tubes; a heat exchange tube housing that is configured to accommodate the plurality of heat exchange tubes and that defines an interior area configured to store cooling water; a cooling water introduction passage that is coupled to a lower portion of the heat exchange tube housing and through which cooling water is provided to the heat exchange tube housing; and a cooling water discharge passage that is coupled to a upper portion of the heat exchange tube housing and through which cooling water stored in the heat exchange tube housing is discharged is disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a laundry treatment machine. The laundry treatment machine according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a casing; a door attached to the casing; a washing tub disposed inside the casing; a heating unit; a blower for supplying to the washing tub; a temperature detector for detecting a temperature of the washing tub; a motor for rotating the washing tub; a driving unit for driving the motor; and a controller to control the blower to operate in a first drying mode, and to control the heating unit to intermittently output a first power during a first period after the operation of the blower while controlling an operating time of the heating unit to increase during the first period. Accordingly, the power consumption can be reduced while reducing the drying period in the drying mode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a laundry treatment apparatus equipped with an exhaust type drying system, which is capable of not only enhancing drying efficiency while reducing consumption of energy and cooling water required to dry laundry, but also achieving smooth exhaust of air even when a water trap is formed in a drainage duct. The laundry treatment apparatus includes a casing, an outer tub, an inner tub, a drainage duct for guiding wash water stored in the outer tub to be discharged to the outside of the casing, a first exhaust duct connected, at one end thereof, to the drainage duct, to guide air present in the outer tub into the drainage duct, and a second exhaust duct upwardly branched from the drainage duct, to exhaust air present in the drainage duct to the outside of the outer tub or the outside of the cashing.

Abstract: According to example embodiments, a method of operating a storage device includes reading a process capability index using a memory controller, adjusting at least one operation condition based on the process capability index, and operating one of at least one nonvolatile memory device according to the at least one operation condition adjusted. The process capability index indicates how a structure associated with a memory cell to be operated deviates from a target shape.

Abstract: A thin film transistor includes a substrate and a gate electrode disposed over the substrate. The gate electrode includes a center part and a peripheral part configured to at least partially surround the center part. The thin film transistor further includes a gate insulating layer disposed below the gate electrode and a first electrode insulated from the gate electrode by the gate insulating layer. The first electrode has at least a portion thereof overlapping the center part. The thin film transistor additionally includes a spacer disposed below the first electrode and a second electrode insulated from the first electrode by the spacer. The second electrode has at least a portion thereof overlapping the peripheral part. The thin film transistor further includes a semiconductor layer connected to the first and second electrodes, and insulated from the gate electrode by the gate insulating layer.

Abstract: A laundry treatment apparatus that includes: a cabinet; an outer tub that is disposed inside the cabinet; a plurality of heat exchange tubes through which air discharged from the outer tub moves, the plurality of heat exchange tubes being arranged to have a gap between adjacent heat exchange tubes; a heat exchange tube housing that is configured to accommodate the plurality of heat exchange tubes and that defines an interior area configured to store cooling water; a cooling water introduction passage that is coupled to a lower portion of the heat exchange tube housing and through which cooling water is provided to the heat exchange tube housing; and a cooling water discharge passage that is coupled to a upper portion of the heat exchange tube housing and through which cooling water stored in the heat exchange tube housing is discharged is disclosed.

Abstract: A laundry treatment apparatus includes a cabinet. The laundry treatment apparatus further includes an outer tub. The laundry treatment apparatus further includes a circulation duct that is configured to guide air circulating through the outer tub. The laundry treatment apparatus further includes an exhaust duct that is configured to guide air exhausted from the outer tub. The laundry treatment apparatus further includes an air suction duct that is configured to guide air from outside the laundry treatment apparatus into the outer tub. The laundry treatment apparatus further includes a fan that is configured to circulate air through the outer tub. The laundry treatment apparatus further includes a heater that is located in the circulation duct and that is configured to heat air entering the outer tub. The laundry treatment apparatus further includes a plurality of heat-exchanging tubes. The laundry treatment apparatus further includes a condensed water pipe.

Abstract: A laundry treatment apparatus equipped with a thermoelectric module includes a thermoelectric element configured to emit heat from a first surface and to absorb heat through a second surface, a first heat exchange unit configured to contact the first surface of the thermoelectric element so as to undergo heat exchange with air upon receiving heat from the first surface, a heat transfer member having an interconnecting surface that is configured to contact the second surface of the thermoelectric element so as to be in a heat conducting relationship with the second surface, and a second heat exchange unit configured to contact the interconnecting surface of the heat transfer member, the second heat exchange unit being configured to undergo heat exchange with air upon receiving heat from the second surface of the thermoelectric element through the heat transfer member.

Abstract: A dryer having a waste heat recovery device includes a cabinet, a drum rotatably mounted within the cabinet and having a front surface and a rear surface, an intake duct configured to provide an intake flow path through which air flows into the drum, an exhaust duct configured to exhaust air coming from the drum out of the cabinet, a heater configured to heat air flowing into the drum, and an ambient air duct configured to inhale air from outside the cabinet and supply the air from outside the cabinet into the drum. The waste heat recovery device includes an evaporation unit configured to absorb heat from air that is exhausted from the drum, a condenser unit configured to transfer heat absorbed from the evaporation unit to ambient air that flows into the ambient air duct, and a heat transfer medium configured to transfer heat between the evaporation unit and the condenser unit.

Abstract: A method of programming a nonvolatile memory device comprises applying at least one test program pulse to selected memory cells located in a scan read area, performing a scan read operation on the selected memory cells following application of the at least one test program pulse to detect at least one one-shot upper cell, calculating an offset voltage corresponding to a scan read region at which the scan read operation is performed, setting a program start bias using the offset voltage, and executing at least one program loop using the program start bias.

Abstract: A method of programming a nonvolatile memory device comprises applying at least one test program pulse to selected memory cells located in a scan read area, performing a scan read operation on the selected memory cells following application of the at least one test program pulse to detect at least one one-shot upper cell, calculating an offset voltage corresponding to a scan read region at which the scan read operation is performed, setting a program start bias using the offset voltage, and executing at least one program loop using the program start bias.