Abstract: In order to identify manipulations of cyber-physical-systems, in which cyber-security attacks or manual attacks, can be identified in real-time, it is proposed with regard to (i) a cyber-physical-system with an embedded, distributed and complex system structure and providing sensor/actor-signal-information depicting a behavior of the cyber-physical-system during operation or commissioning, and (ii) a Digital-Twin-Unit, creates and executes a digital twin replicating the behavior of the cyber-physical-system and consequently producing replicated sensor/actor-signal-information by simulating the cyber-physical-system and when the cyber-physical-system and the Digital-Twin-Unit are run in parallel, (1) to detect cyclically a deviation in the behavior of the cyber-physical-system, (2) to determine an environmental model impacts on the deviation due to external and environmental conditions and based on external information, (3) to identify a manipulation of the cyber-physical-system if—for each detection cycle the

Abstract: A computer program and method for data communication in a network having a plurality of network nodes, via which method data packets are to be transferred between communication partners over protected connections, wherein the data packets originate from at least two different sending communication partners, or senders, and wherein the sending frequencies of at least two senders, at which the senders send data packets that are to be transferred over a protected connection, differ from one another, and the sending frequencies and/or variables representing same being taken into account when finding a path for the transfer of the data packets of at least one protected connection.

Abstract: To identify manipulations of cyber-physical-systems in real-time to avoid or prevent damages to the cyber-physical systems, it is proposed with regard to (i) a cyber-physical-system with an embedded, distributed and complex system structure and providing sensor/actor-signal-information depicting a behavior of the cyber-physical-system during operation or commissioning, and (ii) a Digital-Twin-Unit, which in the course of “Model-based Digital-Twin-Representation” of the cyber-physical-system creates and executes a digital twin replicating the behavior of the cyber-physical-system and consequently producing replicated sensor/actor-signal-information by simulating the cyber-physical-system, and when the cyber-physical-system and the Digital-Twin-Unit are run in parallel, to detect cyclically a deviation in the behavior of the cyber-physical-system by comparing information by information the sensor/actor-signal-information with the replicated sensor/actor-signal-information, to identify a manipulation of the cybe

Abstract: Various embodiments of the teachings herein include a computer-implemented method for scheduling transmissions of a plurality data streams through a telecommunication network. A respective repetitive transmission of each of the data streams is transmitted from a first originator node, in one or more of a plurality of phases according a respective repetition rate of the respective repetitive transmission. The method may include: selecting the first originator node from a group of nodes; iterating over data streams of the plurality of streams whose repetitive transmission is transmitted from the first originator node; and at each iteration: selecting a data stream from the selected originator node, and assigning a phase of the plurality of phases to the selected stream based on a distribution criterion taking into account previously selected data streams and their assignment to a respective phase. The respective repetitive transmission of each stream is scheduled according to the respective phase.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the teachings herein include a computer-implemented method for scheduling transmissions of a plurality of data streams in a telecommunication network. The transmissions are partitioned into transmission cycles with a predetermined length in time. Repetitive transmissions of each of the data streams are transmitted based on the predetermined length multiplied by a respective repetition rate.

Abstract: Provided is a computer-implemented method for adapting at least one pre-defined frame delay, wherein the corresponding at least one frame is communicated via at least one network switch of at least one computing unit in a frame-based computer network, including the steps a. receiving input data from the at least one network switch of the at least one computing unit; wherein b. the input data includes at least one information associated with the at least one frame and/or at least one network switch; c. deriving at least one current frame delay of the at least one frame from the at least one information; d. adapting the at least one pre-defined frame delay depending on the at least one current frame delay; and e. providing the at least one adapted frame delay. Also provided is a corresponding computer program product and monitoring unit.

Abstract: A computer program and method for data communication in a network having a plurality of network nodes, via which method data packets are to be transferred between communication partners over protected connections, wherein the data packets originate from at least two different sending communication partners, or senders, and wherein the sending frequencies of at least two senders, at which the senders send data packets that are to be transferred over a protected connection, differ from one another, and the sending frequencies and/or variables representing same being taken into account when finding a path for the transfer of the data packets of at least one protected connection.

Abstract: The controlling method uses a control specification. In the method, at least part of the progression of the controlling process is monitored, and at least one quality criterion characterizing the quality of the control method is determined, (e.g., ascertained), in accordance with the progression. The control specification is adjusted in accordance with the quality criterion.

Abstract: Provided is a bilateral transfer comprising the provision of a performance and a counter-performance, the provision of the performance necessitating the transport of a performance object by means of a distribution network, wherein a change frame indicates the range in which the performance and/or the counter-performance can be modified. Also provided is a method for controlling the transfer which includes steps of recording the performance, the counter-performance, and the change frame; transporting the performance object by means of the distribution network in dependence on an operational state of the distribution network; and determining the counter-performance based on the performance provided within the change frame.

Abstract: A method for estimating grid properties of a power grid coupled to a generator at a point of common coupling is provided. First, a voltage VPCC at the point of common coupling is measured. Second, a current IPCC at the point of common coupling is measured. Third, the grid properties are estimated by a grid model using as input parameters the measured voltage VPCC at the point of common coupling, the measured current IPCC at the point of common coupling and the determined phase angle. Advantageously, the absolute phases of the voltage and the current at the point of common coupling are not necessary, which makes the present method less prone to errors due to measurement noise. Further, a device and a computer program product are provided.

Abstract: The controlling method uses a control specification. In the method, at least part of the progression of the controlling process is monitored, and at least one quality criterion characterizing the quality of the control method is determined, (e.g., ascertained), in accordance with the progression. The control specification is adjusted in accordance with the quality criterion.

Abstract: One or a plurality of sub-networks are defined in the communications network. Each of the sub-networks includes a plurality of network nodes from the communications network. One or a plurality of the sub-networks represent pre-determined sub-networks, in which respective pre-determined network nodes have both the function of a global slave node and the function of a local master node. The one or the other network nodes of the respective pre-determined sub-networks are local slave nodes. In addition to global synchronization using the global master node and the global slave nodes, local synchronization is also performed in the pre-determined sub-networks using the local master node and the local slave nodes. Thus, in the event of an error outside a pre-determined sub-network, the local synchronization may be continued, whereas the global synchronization is aborted. It is thus avoided that an erroneous synchronization is propagated into corresponding sub-networks.

Abstract: A wind turbine controller for controlling power production of a wind turbine is provided. The wind turbine is arranged within a wind farm coupled to a public power network via a point of common coupling. The wind turbine controller has a receiving unit for receiving a measured value of a property of the wind farm taken at the point of common coupling and for receiving a reference value for the property, and a control unit for controlling the power production of the wind turbine by regulating a local property of the wind turbine based on the received measured value and the received reference value such that the measured value of the wind farm taken at the point of common coupling corresponds to the reference value. Further, a wind turbine having such a controller, a wind farm and a method for controlling a power production of a wind turbine are provided.

Abstract: A method for time synchronization in a communication network comprising a multiplicity of network nodes, wherein synchronization messages are transmitted in the communication network and the synchronization message received in a slave node contains synchronization information for synchronizing the slave time of the slave node with the master time, i.e., synchronization messages are transmitted in a closed ring or line topology and the slave node receives first and second synchronization messages from different transmission directions, and wherein the slave node synchronizes a first time with the synchronization message from one transmission direction and a second time with the synchronization message from the other transmission direction.

Abstract: Locating a frequency deviation in a communication network is provided. A node clock frequency is assigned to each internal clock of each network node. Messages are transmitted synchronizing the internal clocks. The synchronization messages are transmitted from one node to another in succession based on a reference clock frequency predefined by a reference clock. The synchronization messages include a reference clock count state of the reference clock. Synchronization deviations are calculated at predefined intervals of time. If the synchronization deviation of the middle network node exceeds a threshold value, a change in the reference clock frequency is detected if the synchronization deviations of adjacent nodes. Otherwise, a change in the node clock frequency of the middle network node is detected.

Abstract: A method for initializing an optimization function for parameters of a controller controlling a controlled system is provided. The controlled system includes at least one sensory component and at least one actuator component. The method includes receiving process data over time of the controller, determining a value of at least one prior specified key performance indicator (KPI) of the controller, and identifying a model of the controlled system. The method also includes comparing the at least one determined KPI value with at least one provided former KPI value, and comparing the identified model with at least one provided former model in the case of any significant difference between said values. The method includes initializing an optimization function of the controller parameters by using the determined KPI values as a cost function in the case of any significant difference between the models.

Abstract: Locating a frequency deviation in a communication network is provided. A node clock frequency is assigned to each internal clock of each network node. Messages are transmitted synchronizing the internal clocks. The synchronization messages are transmitted from one node to another in succession based on a reference clock frequency predefined by a reference clock. The synchronization messages include a reference clock count state of the reference clock. Synchronization deviations are calculated at predefined intervals of time. If the synchronization deviation of the middle network node exceeds a threshold value, a change in the reference clock frequency is detected if the synchronization deviations of adjacent nodes. Otherwise, a change in the node clock frequency of the middle network node is detected.

Abstract: A method for synchronizing clocks in a communication network includes a first clock of a first network element which is a master element is used for synchronizing second clocks of one or more second network dements which are slave elements. A first sequence of first messages transmitted from the first network element to the second network element and/or a second sequence of second messages transmitted from the second network element to the first network element is recorded. First messages and/or second messages out of those sequences are identified by using an appropriate threshold function with respect to the transmission delays of those messages. Those identified messages have the same constant minimum delay, and based on those messages clock synchronization between the first clock and the second clock is performed.

Abstract: One or a plurality of sub-networks are defined in the communications network. Each of the sub-networks includes a plurality of network nodes from the communications network. One or a plurality of the sub-networks represent pre-determined sub-networks, in which respective pre-determined network nodes have both the function of a global slave node and the function of a local master node. The one or the other network nodes of the respective pre-determined sub-networks are local slave nodes. In addition to global synchronization using the global master node and the global slave nodes, local synchronization is also performed in the pre-determined sub-networks using the local master node and the local slave nodes. Thus, in the event of an error outside a pre-determined sub-network, the local synchronization may be continued, whereas the global synchronization is aborted. It is thus avoided that an erroneous synchronization is propagated into corresponding sub-networks.

Abstract: A method for computer-aided analysis of an automation system, where the automation system executes a number of jobs, each job being performed repetitively, wherein the execution durations of a respective job of the number of jobs for several repetitions of the respective job is determined to produce a plurality of execution durations, a statistical analysis on the plurality of execution durations is performed to produce at least one statistical quantity valid for the plurality of execution durations, and an action is performed for protecting the automation system and/or for generating a warning if a condition indicating an incorrect execution of the respective job is fulfilled for at least one statistical quantity.