Abstract: A process for cleaning or dewatering a surface in which there is applied to the surface a washing composition containing a volatile methyl siloxane such as hexamethyldisiloxane or octamethyltrisiloxane, and an agent for enhancing cleaning or dewatering such as a glycol ether or surface active agent. While the surface is still wet with the washing composition, it is rinsed with an azeotrope containing hexamethyldisiloxane or octamethyltrisiloxane, and 2-pentanol, 2-methyl -1-pentanol, 3-methyl-3-pentanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-butoxy -2-propanol, 1-hexanol, n-propoxypropanol, or ethyl lactate. The surface is then dried or permitted to dry.

Abstract: Packing materials for liquid chromatographic or catalytic columns are prepared by contacting a porous protein-adsorptive particulate or membranous support, such as a porous silica particulate support, with an aqueous solution into which a protein has been dissolved to form a saturated coating of protein on the external surfaces of the porous protein-adsorptive support, removing excess protein that remains in solution by washing, and, then crosslinking the protein in the coating. The result is a packing material which resists further adsorption by many different proteins but which continues to provide the adsorptive or catalytic properties of the groups on the internal surfaces of the porous protein-adsorptive support for separations, analysis, or alteration of small molecules. The packing material of the present invention is particularly useful in HPLC or solid phase extraction columns for direct injection drug analysis in plasma, serum, and urine.

Abstract: Packing materials for liquid chromatographic or catalytic columns are prepared by contacting a porous protein-adsorptive particulate or membranous support, such as a porous silica particulate support, with an aqueous solution into which a protein has been dissolved to form a saturated coating of protein on the external surfaces of the porous protein-adsorptive support, removing excess protein that remains in solution by washing, and, then crosslinking the protein in the coating. The result is a packing material which resists further adsorption by many different proteins but which continues to provide the adsorptive or catalytic properties of the groups on the internal surfaces of the porous protein-adsorptive support for separations, analysis, or alteration of small molecules. The packing material of the present invention is particularly useful in HPLC or solid phase extraction columns for direct injection drug analysis in plasma, serum, and urine.

Abstract: New binary azeotropes of octamethyltrisiloxane (MDM) with n-propoxypropanol, and the use of the binary azeotropes as environmentally friendly cleaning agents are disclosed. New azeotrope-like compositions of octamethyltrisiloxane and n-propoxypropanol are also disclosed.

Abstract: Packing materials for liquid chromatographic or catalytic columns are prepared by contacting a porous protein-adsorptive particulate or membranous support, such as a porous silica particulate support, with an aqueous solution into which a protein has been dissolved to form a saturated coating of protein on the external surfaces of the porous protein-adsorptive support, removing excess protein that remains in solution by washing, and, then crosslinking the protein in the coating. The result is a packing material which resists further adsorption by many different proteins but which continues to provide the adsorptive or catalytic properties of the groups on the internal surfaces of the porous protein-adsorptive support for separations, analysis, or alteration of small molecules. The packing material of the present invention is particularly useful in HPLC or solid phase extraction columns for direct injection drug analysis in plasma, serum, and urine.

Abstract: Binary azeotropic and azeotrope-like compositions contain 1-heptanol, cyclohexanol, or 4-methylcyclohexanol, with octamethyltrisiloxane, and the compositions are useful for cleaning, rinsing, or drying.

Abstract: Binary azeotropic and azeotrope-like compositions contain 1-heptanol, cyclohexanol, or 4-methylcyclohexanol, with octamethyltrisiloxane, and the compositions are useful for cleaning, rinsing, or drying.

Abstract: Binary azeotropes and azeotrope-like compositions contain n-butyl lactate, n-propoxypropanol, 1-butoxy-2-propanol, 1-butoxy-2-ethanol, or 4-methylcyclohexanol, with octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, and are useful for cleaning, rinsing, or drying.

Abstract: New binary azeotropes of hexamethyldisiloxane with certain alcohols, and the use of the binary azeotropes as environmentally friendly cleaning agents are disclosed. The alcohol component of the binary azeotrope is 3-methyl-3-pentanol C.sub.2 H.sub.5 C(CH.sub.3)(OH) C.sub.2 H.sub.5 ; 2-pentanol CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(OH) CH.sub.3, or 1-methoxy-2-propanol CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3)OH.

Abstract: New binary azeotropes and azeotrope-like compositions are mixtures containing octamethyltrisiloxane and 2-butoxyethanol, 2-methylcyclohexanol, or isopropyl lactate. The mixtures are useful as environmentally friendly cleaning, rinsing, and drying agents.

Abstract: New binary azeotropes of octamethyltrisiloxane (MDM) with certain alcohols and an ester, and the use of the binary azeotropes as environmentally friendly cleaning agents are disclosed. The alcohol and ester components of the binary azeotrope are 2-methyl-1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 1-butoxy-2-propanol, and ethyl lactate.

Abstract: New binary azeotropes of octamethyltrisiloxane (MDM) with n-propoxypropanol, and the use of the binary azeotropes as environmentally friendly cleaning agents are disclosed. New azeotrope-like compositions of octamethyltrisiloxane and n-propoxypropanol are also disclosed.

Abstract: Porous materials having a dual surface are disclosed. Also disclosed is a method for their preparation. An example of such a material is silica gel reacted with 1,1,1-trifluoropropyldimethylsilyl-N-methylacetamide and then, with N-trimethylsilyl-N-methylacetamide to give a dual treated material having 1,1,1-trifluoropropyldimethylsilyl groups on the exterior surface and trimethylsilyl groups on the porous interior surface.

Abstract: Packing materials for use in liquid chromatographic analysis are prepared by contacting a porous support, such as porous silica, with a ketal silane to form ketal blocked diol groups on the surfaces thereof. An end-capping reagent such as a trimethylsilyl reagent may be added. In addition, the ketal blocked diol groups may be further hydrolyzed to diol groups.

Abstract: Dual zone porous materials having an external zone and an internal zone are prepared by contacting a suspension of a porous support, such as particulate silica, in a solvent with a halosilane and a catalyst for the halosilane in order to form first silyl groups predominantly on the external surfaces of the porous support. Preferably thereafter the porous support is contacted with a silane having second silyl groups in order to a form second silyl groups predominantly on the internal surfaces.

Abstract: Dual zone porous materials having an external zone and an internal zone are prepared by contacting a suspension of a porous support, such as particulate silica, in an aprotic solvent with an organosilane mixture of a first organosilane having first silyl groups and a second organosilane of a second type in order to form first silyl groups predominantly or the external surfaces of the porous support and second silyl groups predominantly on the internal surfaces of the porous support.

Abstract: Dual zone reverse phase packing materials for use in liquid chromatographic blood serum analysis are prepared by contacting a porous support, such as porous silica, with a fluorocarbon silane, such as a perfluorobutylsilyl compound, to form a lipophobic phase in the external zone of the porous support, and, then contacting the porous support with a lipophilic silane, such as an octadecylsilyl compound, to form a lipophilic partitioning phase in the internal zone of the porous support. Ketal blocked diol groups, which later may be hydrolyzed to diol groups, are also attached to both zones of the packing materials. The dual zone reverse phase packing materials display a reduced degree of serum protein adsorption in the external zone while drug substances are retained and separated by the lipophilic partitioning phase in the internal zone.

Abstract: Packing material for use in liquid chromatographic analysis are prepared by contacting a porous support, such as porous silica, with a ketal silane to form ketal blocked diol groups on the surfaces thereof. An end-capping reagent such as a trimethylsilyl reagent may be added. In addition, the ketal blocked diol groups may be further hydrolyzed to diol groups.

Abstract: Dual zone reverse phase packing materials for use in liquid chromatographic blood serum analysis are prepared by contacting a porous support, such as porous silica, with a fluorocarbon silane, such as a perfluorobutylsilyl compound, to form a lipophobic phase in the external zone of the porous support, and, then contacting the porous support with a lipophilic silane, such as an octadecylsilyl compound, to form a lipophilic partitioning phase in the internal zone of the porous support. Ketal blocked diol groups, which later may be hydrolyzed to diol groups, are also attached to both zones of the packing materials. The dual zone reverse phase packing materials display a reduced degree of serum protein adsorption in the external zone while drug substances are retained and separated by the lipophilic partitioning phase in the internal zone.

Abstract: Porous materials having a dual surface are disclosed. Also disclosed is a method for their preparation. An example of such a material is a silica gel reacted with a reactive silane intermediate such as (CH.sub.3).sub.2 Si.dbd.O and then, with a reactive silane such as ##STR1## to give a dual treated material having --((CH.sub.3).sub.2 SiO).sub.x H on the exterior surface and ##STR2## on the interior surface of the pores.