Abstract: High-intensity-discharge lamp of the mercury-metal halide type efficiently illuminates objects with excellent color appearance. The arc tube filling comprises the usual inert, ionizable starting gas and mercury in predetermined amount as required to provide a predetermined operating voltage drop between the lamp electrodes. The metal halide filling substantially comprises a predetermined limited amount of thallous iodide, a predetermined limited amount of stannous iodide and a predetermined limited amount of calcium iodide. The stannous iodide is used in such amount that it serves primarily to enhance the emission of the calcium iodiode and the amount of stannous iodide is sufficiently limited to curtail the generation of the characteristic continuous tin emission. The calcium iodide is present in greater gram amount than the tin iodide so that the effects of the calcium iodide emission are predominant.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for expressing as a number the relative brightness of artificial illumination as it is perceived by the average observer. There is extracted (i.e., detected) from the illumination to be measured, a blue-appearing narrow band, a green-appearing narrow band, a yellow-appearing narrow band and a red-orange-appearing narrow band. From these extracted bands are generated six different signals: a signal expressed as (aB) where (a) is about 0.23 and (B) is the watts of energy in the blue band, a signal expressed as (bG) where (b) is about 0.97 and (G) is the watts of energy in the green band, a signal expressed as (cR) where (c) is about 0.33 and (R) is the watts of energy in the red-orange band, a signal expressed as (dY) where (d) is about 0.19 and (Y) is the watts of energy in the yellow band, a signal expressed as (eG) where (e) is about 0.25 and (G) is the watts of energy in the green band, and a signal expressed as (fR) where (f) is about 0.

Abstract: Apparatus comprises a tool member (U) such as a sonic transducer, a fixture (F) for a workpiece, an anvil member (A), one of the members being stationary and the other being movable toward and away from the stationary member, a carriage (31) for the movable member, first means such as a piston rod (49) for holding the carriage up in ready position, second means such as a valve (VI) for releasing the first means to cause the carriage to descend to the workpiece, and third means such as a piston rod 51 for retarding descent to a velocity less than the free fall gravitational velocity. An automatic control system comprises sensing means, control relays and timing relays for activating the movable member, for energizing the tool member, for timing the period of energization, and for assuring dwell of the movable member in contact with the workpiece after the tool is deenergized.