Abstract: A cooling drum for metal cast strip by continuous casting has dimples 40 to 200 ?m in average depth and 0.5 to 3 mm in diameter of circle equivalent formed on a plated peripheral surface of the cooling drum, adjacent to each other at rims of the dimples; and a film, containing oxides of at least one member selected from the group consisting of Ni—W, Ni—Co—W, Cr, Ni—Fe and Ni—Al, is formed on the peripheral surface.

Abstract: Dimples, preferably 40 to 200 ?m in average depth and 0.5 to 3 mm in diameter of circle equivalent, are formed on the peripheral surface of a cooling drum, adjacent to each other at the rims of the dimples; and fine humps (preferably, fine humps 1 to 50 ?m in height and 5 to 200 ?m in diameter of circle equivalent on the surfaces of the dimples and/or fine humps 1 to 50 ?m in height and 30 to 200 ?m in diameter of circle equivalent at the rims of the dimples), fine holes (preferably, fine holes 5 ?m or more in depth and 10 to 200 ?m in diameter of circle equivalent), or fine unevenness (preferably, fine unevenness 1 to 50 ?m in average depth and 10 to 200 ?m in diameter of circle equivalent) are formed at the rims and/or on the indented surfaces of said dimples.

Abstract: Dimples, preferably 40 to 200 ?m in average depth and 0.5 to 3 mm in diameter of circle equivalent, are formed on the peripheral surface of a cooling drum, adjacent to each other at the rims of the dimples; and fine humps (preferably, fine humps 1 to 50 ?m in height and 5 to 200 ?m in diameter of circle equivalent on the surfaces of the dimples and/or fine humps 1 to 50 ?m in height and 30 to 200 ?m in diameter of circle equivalent at the rims of the dimples), fine holes (preferably, fine holes 5 ?m or more in depth and 10 to 200 ?m in diameter of circle equivalent), or fine unevenness (preferably, fine unevenness 1 to 50 ?m in average depth and 10 to 200 ?m in diameter of circle equivalent) are formed at the rims and/or on the indented surfaces of said dimples.

Abstract: A cast slab has a negative segregation zone composed of a multilayer structure of negative segregation layers disposed between dendrite or crystalline layers. The dendrite or crystalline layers are a deflection structure caused by vibration during formation of the cast slab. The negative segregation layers have a distance between them of not more than 2 mm and the number of negative segregation layers is not less than 3. The cast slab has an equi-axed crystal ratio of not less than 50% inside the multilayer negative segregation zone.

Abstract: In order to quickly and economically evaluate cleanliness of a metal with high representativity when quantities, compositions, etc., of non-metallic inclusion particles existing in a metal and resulting in product defects are evaluated by a sample collected during the production process of the metal, the present invention provides an evaluation method involving the steps of levitation-melting a metal piece for a predetermined time by cold crucible levitation-melting means, discharging non-metallic inclusion particles contained in the metal piece to the surface of a molten metal, and directly analyzing a curved and non-smooth sample surface after solidification by a fluorescent X-ray analysis method using an energy dispersion type spectroscope, or by other chemical or physical measurements, to measure or analyze the quantities of elements constituting the non-metallic inclusion particles and to determine quantity of the non-metallic inclusions.

Abstract: Dimples, preferably 40 to 200 &mgr;m in average depth and 0.5 to 3 mm in diameter of circle equivalent, are formed on the peripheral surface of a cooling drum, adjacent to each other at the rims of the dimples; and fine humps (preferably, fine humps 1 to 50 &mgr;m in height and 5 to 200 &mgr;m in diameter of circle equivalent on the surfaces of the dimples and/or fine humps 1 to 50 &mgr;m in height and 30 to 200 &mgr;m in diameter of circle equivalent at the rims of the dimples), fine holes (preferably, fine holes 5 &mgr;m or more in depth and 10 to 200 &mgr;m in diameter of circle equivalent), or fine unevenness (preferably, fine unevenness 1 to 50 &mgr;m in average depth and 10 to 200 &mgr;m in diameter of circle equivalent) are formed at the rims and/or on the indented surfaces of said dimples.

Abstract: The present invention provides a continuous casting method in which vibration is given to molten metal by a shifting magnetic field so that the equi-axed crystal ratio can be enhanced and the equi-axed crystals can be made fine without generating surface defects caused by powder trapping. Further, the present invention provides an apparatus to which the continuous casting method is applied. Furthermore the present invention provides a cast slab produced by the above method and apparatus.

Abstract: A continuous casting apparatus for molten metal is equipped with a mold having an electromagnetic coil which imparts a low frequency alternating current to the initially solidified portion of a meniscus and is formed with a plurality of divided cooling portions wherein the divided cooling portions are formed with a plurality of cooling copper plates each having cooling paths and back plates. The outer wall of the divided cooling portions is formed by facing the cooling path side of each of the divided cooling copper plates to that of the corresponding nonmagnetic stainless steel back plate and closing and fixing both plates, and the cooling copper plates are electrically insulated from each other by bonding electric insulating material to the joint faces of the cooling copper plates.

Abstract: In order to quickly and economically evaluate cleanliness of a metal with high representativity when quantities, compositions, etc., of non-metallic inclusion particles existing in a metal and resulting in product defects are evaluated by a sample collected during the production process of the metal, the present invention provides an evaluation method involving the steps of levitation-melting a metal piece for a predetermined time by cold crucible levitation-melting means, discharging non-metallic inclusion particles contained in the metal piece to the surface of a molten metal, and directly analyzing a curved and non-smooth sample surface after solidification by dissolving the surface and extracting and filtering the inclusions to measure or analyze the quantities of elements constituting the non-metallic inclusion particles and to determine quantity of the non-metallic inclusions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a continuous casting method in which vibration is given to molten metal by a shifting magnetic field so that the equi-axed crystal ratio can be enhanced and the equi-axed crystals can be made fine without generating surface defects caused by powder trapping. Further, the present invention provides an apparatus to which the continuous casting method is applied. Furthermore, the present invention provides a cast slab produced by the above method and apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention provides a continuous casting method in which vibration is given to molten metal by a shifting magnetic field so that the equi-axed crystal ratio can be enhanced and the equi-axed crystals can be made fine without generating surface defects caused by powder trapping. Further, the present invention provides an apparatus to which the continuous casting method is applied. Furthermore, the present invention provides a cast slab produced by the above method and apparatus.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a process for continuously casting a molten metal which process suppresses the instability of the initial solidification and stably improves the lubrication and the surface properties of the cast metal, and an apparatus therefore, in the process for continuously casting a molten metal an alternating current is applied to an electromagnetic coil which is provided so that it surrounds a continuous casting mold wall or is embedded in the side wall of the mold, whereby an electromagnetic force is exerted on the molten metal poured into the mold which either oscillates in a constant mode or does not oscillate and is starting to be solidified the process of the present invention also comprises periodically changing the amplitude or waveform of the alternating current to be applied, and the apparatus of the present invention is used for the process.

Abstract: A method for making an aluminium material which is electroplated on its aluminum or aluminium alloy base with iron or an iron alloy containing 2-20 weight % of chromium, and which can be utilized as a new structural or functional material in various industrial fields. The material is characterized in having an inter-diffusion layer produced between the base and the plating and/or having such fine cracks produced in the plating which can reserve well machine oil, work well for painting it, and be impregnated with a resin for improving its wear resistance and so on.

Abstract: In order to quickly and economically evaluate cleanliness of a metal with high representativity when quantities, compositions, etc., of non-metallic inclusion particles existing in a metal and resulting in product defects are evaluated by a sample collected during the production process of the metal, the present invention provides an evaluation method involving the steps of levitation-melting a metal piece for a predetermined time by cold crucible levitation-melting means, discharging non-metallic inclusion particles contained in the metal piece to the surface of a molten metal, and directly analyzing a curved and non-smooth sample surface after solidification by a fluorescent X-ray analysis method using an energy dispersion type spectroscope, or by other chemical or physical measurements, to measure or analyze the quantities of elements constituting the non-metallic inclusion particles and to determine quantity of the non-metallic inclusions.

Abstract: A rapid analysis device for analyzing nonmetallic inclusions in steel by a cold crucible method is combined with a mathematical model, and the quality of cast steel is predicted online by simulating the behavior. of the nonmetallic inclusions by calculation. Further, continuous casting process variables are controlled to minimize the amount of nonmetallic inclusions in the cast steel.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a process for continuously casting a molten metal which process suppresses the instability of the initial solidification and stably improves the lubrication and the surface properties of the cast metal, and an apparatus therefor, in the process for continuously casting a molten metal an alternating current is applied to an electromagnetic coil which is provided so that it surrounds a continuous casting mold wall or is embedded in the side wall of the mold, whereby an electromagnetic force is exerted on the molten metal poured into the mold which either oscillates in a constant mode or does not oscillate and is starting to be solidified the process of the present invention also comprises periodically changing the amplitude or waveform of the alternating current to be applied, and the apparatus of the present invention is used for the process.

Abstract: In a CCD type solid state image pickup device including two-dimensionally arranged photo/electro conversion portions, a plurality of vertical shift registers each connected to one column of the photo/electro conversion portions, and a horizontal transfer portion connected to the vertical shift register, signal charges of every four of each column of the photo/electro conversion portions are mixed within the vertical shift registers or within the vertical transfer portions and the horizontal output register, to create a mixed signal charge. Then, the mixed signal charge corresponding to four of the photo/electro conversion portions is transferred within the horizontal output register. Thus, one scanning line is formed by every four rows of the photo/electro conversion portions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method, for regulating the flow of a molten steel within a mold by taking advantage of a direct current magnetic field, comprising the step of carrying out continuous casting while regulating the flow of a molten steel, delivered through a nozzle, by applying a direct current magnetic field having a substantially uniform magnetic flux distribution over the whole width direction of the mold, characterized in that the flow velocity of a meniscus on the surface of the molten steel within the mold is regulated in a range of from 0.20 to 0.40 m/sec by regulating the molten steel delivery angle of the nozzle, the position of the magnetic field, and the magnetic flux density.

Abstract: (Object) IF-based, continuously cast slab essentially freed from defects such as surface defects, difficult production and poor strength, etc. of the product that the IF-based sheet steels have; sheet steels and a process for producing the same are provided.(Structure) A continuously cast slab of extremely low carbon steel comprising not more than 1.5% by mass of Si, not more than 2.0% by mass of Mn, not ore than 0.15% by mass of P, 0.01-0.15% by mass of Al, and not more than 0.0050% by mass of N, where the surface layer further contains 0.01-0.08% by mass of C existing as a cementite and the inner layer further contains not more than 0.0050% by mass of C, and at least one of 0.02-0.10% by mass of Ti, 0.01-0.10% by mass of Nb, 0.02-0.10% by mass of V and 0.03-0.10% by mass of Zr, the carbon existing substantially as carbides of these elements, preferably both the surface layer and the inner layer further contain 0.0001-0.

Abstract: An electrostatic recording apparatus includes a developing agent carrier member provided to extend along a predetermined path. A developing agent convey unit conveys a developing agent along the surface of the developing agent carrier member. The developing agent carrier member has a step in a developing agent convey direction of its surface. A plurality of recording electrodes are aligned on an upper surface of the step of the developing agent carrier member and spaced apart from each other with gaps therebetween in a direction perpendicular to the developing agent convey direction, and project uniformly from the step. An opposite electrode is disposed to oppose the plurality of recording electrodes. A leaf spring member supports at least portions of the plurality of recording electrodes projecting from the step and can swing the projecting recording electrodes in directions to approach to and to separate from the opposite electrode.