Abstract: The present invention enabled the detection and quantification of CAST, which is localized to synapses and tightly bound to the cytomatrix, and of the mRNA encoding the CAST. Furthermore, it was revealed that CAST functions as a protein scaffold for localizing RIM1 to synapses, contributing as a molecular basis for active zone formation.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission apparatus includes a toroidal-type continuously variable transmission, a planetary gear type transmission and a clutch apparatus that connects the toroidal-type continuously variable transmission and the planetary gear type transmission. The clutch apparatus includes: a low speed clutch engaged for realizing a low speed mode and disengaged for realizing a high speed, a high speed clutch engaged for realizing the high speed mode and disengaged for realizing the low speed mode and a controller. The controller controls the transmission ratio of the toroidal-type continuously variable transmission so that rotational speeds of members connected via the clutch apparatus equals with each other, and then disengages the one of the low speed clutch and the high speed clutch after engaging the other.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission apparatus, has: an input shaft; a toroidal-type continuously variable transmission; a rotation transmission shaft; first, second and third planetary-gear-type transmissions; a first power transmission mechanism; a second power transmission mechanism; a third power transmission mechanism; and, a switching mechanism, wherein the second sun gear and one of the first and third sun gears are rotated together with the rotation transmission shaft to thereby execute the power transmission through the rotation transmission shaft and one of the first and second planetary-gear-type transmissions, and, in a state where the power transmission through the third planetary-gear-type transmission is cut off, in accordance with the control of the transmission ratio of the toroidal-type continuously variable transmission, the output shaft is stopped while the input shaft is rotating.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission apparatus includes: an input shaft, an output shaft, a toroidal continuously variable transmission, a gear-type differential unit including a plurality of gears, and a controller. The controller calculates a torque actually passing through the toroidal continuously variable transmission to obtain a deviation of the torque from a target value and adjusts a transmission ratio of the toroidal continuously variable transmission to eliminate the deviation. The controller stops the adjustment of the transmission ratio when the torque is not stable.

Abstract: A sleeve 28 making up a gear ratio control valve 21 is driven by not only a stepping motor 29 but also a secondary actuator 47. Pressure oil is made free to be introduced into the secondary actuator 47 through a manual oil pressure switching valve 37 which is switched over by a gearshift. Then, when the gearshift is operated from a non-running state to a running state, a gear ratio of a toroidal type continuously variable transmission is corrected by a predetermined amount by driving the sleeve 28 by means of the secondary actuator 47. As a result, while improving characteristic of a vehicle when starting from rest, the vehicle can be prevented from being reduced in speed unintentionally excessively even when the gearshift is operated while running.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission apparatus, has: an input shaft; a toroidal-type continuously variable transmission; a rotation transmission shaft; first, second and third planetary-gear-type transmissions; a first power transmission mechanism; a second power transmission mechanism; a third power transmission mechanism; and, a switching mechanism, wherein the second sun gear and one of the first and third sun gears are rotated together with the rotation transmission shaft to thereby execute the power transmission through the rotation transmission shaft and one of the first and second planetary-gear-type transmissions, and, in a state where the power transmission through the third planetary-gear-type transmission is cut off, in accordance with the control of the transmission ratio of the toroidal-type continuously variable transmission, the output shaft is stopped while the input shaft is rotating.

Abstract: A rotational speed of an input side disk is detected by an input side rotation sensor, and a rotational speed of an output side disk is detected by an output side rotation sensor, respectively. Based on detected values of the two sensors, a transmission ratio of a toroidal type continuously variable transmission is calculated. Further, a rotational speed of the output shaft is calculated from the transmission ratio and a gear ratio of a planetary gear type transmission. In a state in which the select lever selects no-running condition, the transmission ratio of the toroidal type continuously variable transmission is controlled such that the rotational speed of the output shaft becomes null or at an extremely low speed even when the running state is selected at the instance. Further, a position of a control valve apparatus under the state is stored to a controller.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission apparatus, has: an input shaft; a toroidal-type continuously variable transmission; a rotation transmission shaft; first, second and third planetary-gear-type transmissions; a first power transmission mechanism; a second power transmission mechanism; a third power transmission mechanism; and, a switching mechanism, wherein the second sun gear and one of the first and third sun gears are rotated together with the rotation transmission shaft to thereby execute the power transmission through the rotation transmission shaft and one of the first and second planetary-gear-type transmissions, and, in a state where the power transmission through the third planetary-gear-type transmission is cut off, in accordance with the control of the transmission ratio of the toroidal-type continuously variable transmission, the output shaft is stopped while the input shaft is rotating.

Abstract: A power roller unit for a toroidal-type continuously variable transmission, has: a trunnion including a support plate portion, a pair of bent wall portions, two pivot shafts, and a connecting member; a displacement shaft; a power roller; a thrust ball bearing including an outer ring, a ball, and a retainer; a thrust bearing, wherein the thrust bearing is held by a hold portion disposed in the support plate portion, and wherein, where the distance between the small end face of the power roller and the connecting member is expressed as a, the distance between the outer ring and the opposed surface of the hold portion opposed to the outer ring is expressed as b, and the thickness of the thrust bearing is expressed as c, the sum of a and b is set smaller than c.

Abstract: A toroidal type continuously variable transmission has an input shaft to which a rotation torque is input, an input side disk and an output side disk that are concentrically and rotatably supported by the input shaft in a state that an inner peripheral surface of the input side disk opposes to an inner peripheral surface of the output side disk, a power roller held between the input side disk and the output side disk and a hydraulic loading device applying predetermined pressing force so that the power roller is pressed between the input and output side disks. Fine grooves are formed on at least a radially inner part of the inner peripheral surface of the input side disk and at least radially outer part of the inner peripheral surface of the output side disk, respectively.

Abstract: A toroidal type continuously variable transmission has input and output side disks arranged concentrically with a first axis, a power roller, a trunnion swung around a second axis, the trunnion including a main body portion, bent wall portions, pivot shafts and an oval hole, an outer ring contained in a pocket portion provided on the trunnion and a bearing for movably supporting the outer ring in the direction perpendicular to the second axis provided between the rain body portion and the outer ring. The outer ring includes a first shaft portion for rotatably supporting the power roller and a second shaft portion arranged concentrically with the first shaft portion and movably supported by the oval hole along a direction perpendicular to the second axis. Tangential forces generated between the power roller, the input and output side disks are supported on the second shaft portion and the trunnion.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission apparatus having input and output shafts, a toroidal-type continuously variable transmission unit (CVT unit), a gear-type differential unit with gears, and a control unit, the CVT unit has; input and output side disks, power rollers, input and output side rotation sensors, wherein the differential unit has; a first input portion and a second input portion, and wherein the control unit regulates the transmission ratio of the CVT unit so as to change relative displacement speeds of the gears of the differential unit to thereby convert the rotational state of the output shaft to forward and backward rotations with a stationary state being interposed therebetween, with the input shaft being kept rotating in one direction, and to calculate a rotational speed of the output shaft based on rotational speeds of the input and output side disks and a gear ratio of the differential unit.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission apparatus is constructed by a combination of a toroidal-type continuously variable transmission unit (11a) and a planetary-gear-type transmission unit (12c). The planetary-gear-type transmission unit (12c) includes a carrier (24d), a plurality of first planetary gears (44), a hollow rotary shaft (33), a first sun gear (45), a plurality of second planetary gears (46), a second sun gear (47) and a ring gear (48). The first and second planetary gears (44, 46) are meshed with the single ring gear (48) while said first and second planetary gears (44, 46) are supported on said carrier (24d) independently of each other.

Abstract: A method for controlling air intake into an air conditioned enclosure includes generating a plurality of sensor output voltages using a NOx sensor. A NOx voltage ratio is calculated from the sensor output voltages. A determination is made when the NOx voltage ratio one of equals and exceeds a NOx threshold. The NOx voltage ratio is reset to a unitary value for a predetermined length of time.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission apparatus, has: an input shaft; a toroidal-type continuously variable transmission; a first rotation transmission shaft; a first planetary-gear-type transmission; a second planetary-gear-type transmission; a second rotation transmission shaft; an output shaft; a first power transmission mechanism; a second power transmission mechanism; and a switching mechanism, wherein, in a state where the power transmission through the first power transmission mechanism is allowed and the power transmission through the second power transmission mechanism is cut off, in accordance with the control of the transmission ratio of the toroidal-type continuously variable transmission, the output shaft be stopped while leaving the input shaft rotating.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission apparatus includes a toroidal continuously variable transmission, a planetary gear transmission and a clutch apparatus that connects the toroidal continuously variable transmission and the planetary gear transmission. The clutch apparatus includes: a low speed clutch a high speed clutch and a controller. The controller controls the transmission ratio of the toroidal continuously variable transmission so that rotational speeds of members connected via the clutch apparatus equals with each other, and then disengages the one of the low speed clutch and the high speed clutch after engaging the other, whereby an instance of simultaneously transmitting the power by the two clutches is set during a time period until disconnecting the other clutch after starting to transmit the power by the one clutch.

Abstract: The present invention provides a clutch connection method which controls the disconnection/connection of a wet friction clutch on the basis of a duty pulse outputted from an electronic control unit. When the clutch is connected, the electronic control unit initially outputs a start duty (Dst) for largely connecting the clutch as far as the vicinity of a torque point, and, thereafter, outputs, at prescribed time intervals (?t), a gradual connection duty (Dk) for gradually connecting the clutch, and determines a gradual connection duty value on the basis of a clutch input/output side revolution difference ?N. Since the clutch is gradually connected while monitoring the clutch connection state, variations between connection times and connection shock, resulting from individual clutch differences or the like, can be eliminated, whereby it is possible to achieve a stable feel.

Abstract: A toroidal-type continuously variable transmission has: a casing; a rotary shaft; outside disks; an inside disk; support members; a plurality of support plates; an actuator body; a pair of support posts including support ring portions, the support ring portions respectively existing in middle portions between the inside disk and the outside disks, wherein the respective one-side end portions of the two support posts are connected and fixed to the actuator body in a state that the rotary shaft is inserted through the support ring portions of the two support posts, the axial-direction two end portions of the inside disk are rotatably supported on the support ring portions of the two support posts, and the support plates are supported on the neighboring portions of the respective two end portions of the two support posts.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission apparatus includes a toroidal-type continuously variable transmission, a planetary gear type transmission and a clutch apparatus that connects the toroidal-type continuously variable transmission and the planetary gear type transmission. The clutch apparatus includes: a low speed clutch engaged for realizing a low speed mode and disengaged for realizing a high speed, a high speed clutch engaged for realizing the high speed mode and disengaged for realizing the low speed mode and a controller. The controller controls the transmission ratio of the toroidal-type continuously variable transmission so that rotational speeds of members connected via the clutch apparatus equals with each other, and then disengages the one of the low speed clutch and the high speed clutch after engaging the other.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission apparatus includes: an input shaft, an output shaft, a toroidal continuously variable transmission, a gear-type differential unit including a plurality of gears, and a controller. The controller calculates a torque actually passing through the toroidal continuously variable transmission to obtain a deviation of the torque from a target value and adjusts a transmission ratio of the toroidal continuously variable transmission to eliminate the deviation. The controller stops the adjustment of the transmission ratio when the torque is not stable.