Abstract: Engine valve driving apparatus having a camshaft and a radially movable cam supported on the camshaft. A support is fixed to the camshaft. Both the movable cam and the fixed support are formed with holes, whose axes coincide with each other when the movable cam protrudes at its maximum outward position. A connecting pin is disposed in the hole of the fixed support and an oil supply actuates the connecting pin. When the connecting pin is forced by the oil supply, the connecting pin lifts the movable cam radially outwardly to its maximum outward position.

Abstract: An oil pressure control apparatus for a valve driving system for an internal combustion engine, in which a main oil supply passage feeds oil to a hydraulic actuator of the engine valve driving apparatus. A control valve is provided for closing the oil supply passage. A bypass oil passage bypasses the control valve continuously. The control valve, when closed, regulates the oil pressure to below a predetermined value and the oil pressure is insufficient to actuate the hydraulic actuator. When the control valve is opened, responsive to an engine operating condition such as engine speed, oil pressure is above the predetermined value, and the hydraulic actuator is actuated rapidly to shift the valve driving system from low speed to high speed operation.

Abstract: The surfactant composition of the present invention, which comprises mono acyl glycero phosphilipid(s) and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of polyglycerol fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, sorbitan fitty acid esters and glycerol fatty acid monoesters as essential components, exhibits excellent acid- and salt-resistances, permeability, emulsification and dispersion capabilities and hydrophilicity. Further it is highly safe and can be appropriately applied to various products, in particular, food, cosmetics and pharamceuticals.

Abstract: A valve driving system for an internal combustion engine having two intake valves and/or two exhaust valves for each cylinder, which includes a cam shaft formed with a pair of low speed cams and a high speed cam located at substantially the center part of the cam shaft, a pair of first rocker arms driven by the low speed cams respectively, each having a portion engaged with one of the valves, second rocker arms driven by the high speed cam and located between the first rocker arms, two oil pressure chambers formed in the second rocker arm and facing the respective first rocker arms, two plungers, each being provided in one of the oil chambers, two bores each being formed engageably with one of the plungers in one of the first rocker arms, an oil passage formed in the second rocker arm and communicated with both oil pressure chambers, and a control valve for controlling oil pressure fed to the oil passage in accordance with the engine operating condition.