Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member, which is excellent in cleaning property and durability, and in which residual potential is reduced and occurrence of a crack is suppressed. In the electrophotographic photosensitive member including a surface layer, the surface layer contains: a binder resin; and organic resin particles, the binder resin has a specific structural unit, and the organic resin particles are each subjected to surface treatment with a specific compound.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member that is excellent in the cleaning property and the durability and has a reduced residual potential. The electrophotographic photosensitive member has a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains a vinyl resin particle, and the vinyl resin particle is surface-treated with a specific compound.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic apparatus including: an electrophotographic photosensitive member; and an intermediate transfer belt that is allowed to be brought into abutment against the electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains polytetrafluoroethylene particles, a binding material, and a polymer A including a specific structural unit, and wherein the intermediate transfer belt contains a perfluoropolyether, a binding material, and a polymer B including a specific structural unit.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer that is excellent in dispersibility of a fluorine atom-containing resin particle and suppresses a potential fluctuation at the time of repeated use. The electrophotographic photosensitive member having the surface layer, wherein the surface layer includes the fluorine atom-containing resin particle, a binder material, and a polymer A having a specific structural unit.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a surface layer, which is excellent in dispersibility of fluorine atom-containing resin particles and is suppressed from causing a ghost image. Specifically, provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains a fluorine atom-containing resin particle, a binder material, and a polymer A having specific structural units.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains a fluorine atom-containing resin particle, a binder material, and a polymer having specific structural units.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member having excellent dispersibility of fluorine atom-containing resin particles, and excellent durability, with an occurrence of a ghost suppressed. In the electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer, the surface layer includes a fluorine atom-containing resin particle, a binder material, a charge transport substance, and a polymer A having a specific structural unit, wherein the binder material is a thermoplastic resin, and a film thickness of the surface layer is 35 ?m or larger and 50 ?m or smaller.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member including a surface layer, wherein the surface layer comprises a fluorine atom-containing resin particle, a binder material, and a polymer having a specific structural unit.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member that has an electroconductive support and a photosensitive layer on the electroconductive support, and reduces image failures. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a cured product of a composition of: a charge transporting compound having a specific polymerizable functional group; a polytetrafluoroethylene particle having a specific primary particle diameter; and a polymer having specific structural units and having weight average molecular weight.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer in which an occurrence of the image deletion is suppressed; a process cartridge equipped with the electrophotographic photosensitive member; and an electrophotographic apparatus provided with the process cartridge. An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a surface layer that includes a copolymerized product of a composition including a metal oxide particle having a polymerizable functional group on a surface thereof and a polymerizable compound having a particular structure.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member in which the generation of a positive ghost image is suppressed under a low-temperature and low-humidity environment, and the occurrence of cracking is suppressed under a high-temperature and high-humidity environment. Also provided are a process cartridge mounted with the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and an electrophotographic apparatus including the process cartridge. The electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present disclosure is characterized in that an undercoat layer contains aluminum oxide particles and titanium oxide particles at a specific mass ratio.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member that has an electroconductive support and a photosensitive layer on the electroconductive support, and reduces image failures. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a cured product of a composition of: a charge transporting compound having a specific polymerizable functional group; a polytetrafluoroethylene particle having a specific primary particle diameter; and a polymer having specific structural units and having weight average molecular weight.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a surface layer containing: a copolymerization product of a composition containing a hole-transportable compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group and a compound having a specific structure; and metal oxide particles.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer in which an occurrence of the image deletion is suppressed; a process cartridge equipped with the electrophotographic photosensitive member; and an electrophotographic apparatus provided with the process cartridge. An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a surface layer that includes a copolymerized product of a composition including a metal oxide particle having a polymerizable functional group on a surface thereof and a polymerizable compound having a particular structure.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member in which the generation of a positive ghost image is suppressed under a low-temperature and low-humidity environment, and the occurrence of cracking is suppressed under a high-temperature and high-humidity environment. Also provided are a process cartridge mounted with the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and an electrophotographic apparatus including the process cartridge. The electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present disclosure is characterized in that an undercoat layer contains aluminum oxide particles and titanium oxide particles at a specific mass ratio.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a surface layer containing: a copolymerization product of a composition containing a hole-transportable compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group and a compound having a specific structure; and metal oxide particles.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can suppress the generation of both an interference fringe and a streaky uneven part in a circumferential direction on an image. The generation of the interference fringe and the generation of the streaky uneven part in the circumferential direction on the image are suppressed by defining a length of a line-shaped groove of a support in a circumferential direction, and defining roughness parameters of a support in an axial direction.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can achieve both of satisfactory wear resistance and the suppression of an image streak at the time of its repeated use. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support and a photosensitive layer. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains: a polymer of a hole-transportable compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group; and an ester compound having specific alkyl groups.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can suppress the generation of both an interference fringe and a streaky uneven part in a circumferential direction on an image. The generation of the interference fringe and the generation of the streaky uneven part in the circumferential direction on the image are suppressed by defining a length of a line-shaped groove of a support in a circumferential direction, and defining roughness parameters of a support in an axial direction.

Abstract: There is provided an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus in which residual potential is suppressed and a ghost image is prevented from being generated in a low-humidity environment in an undercoat layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. An electrophotographic photosensitive member including: an undercoat layer containing a strontium titanate particle having a maximum peak at a position of 2?=32.20±0.20 (? represents a Bragg angle) in a CuK? characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern and a half-value width of the maximum peak of 0.10 deg or more and 0.50 deg or less, and a titanium oxide particle; and a photosensitive layer containing a polyvinyl butyral resin, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each provided with the electrophotographic photosensitive member.