Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein fluctuation in potential is suppressed, and the occurrence of black spots is suppressed even if the electrophotographic photosensitive member is repeatedly used for a long period of time is provided. A process cartridge that is equipped with the electrophotographic photosensitive member and an electrophotographic apparatus that is equipped with the process cartridge are provided. An electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein an undercoat layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains an aluminum oxide particle that is surface-treated in a specific amount using a specific compound.

Abstract: There is provided an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus that are excellent in charging properties and can suppress residual potential in the case where a strontium titanate particle is used as a metal oxide particle in an undercoat layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. An electrophotographic photosensitive member in which an undercoat layer contains a strontium titanate particle having a maximum peak at a position of 2?=32.20±0.20 (? represents a Bragg angle) in a CuK? characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern, the maximum peak having a half-value width of 0.10 deg or more and 0.50 deg or less, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each provided with the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: There is provided an electrophotographic photosensitive member in which the variation in potential during repeated use is reduced. The electrophotographic photosensitive member is the electrophotographic photosensitive member of which an undercoat layer comprises a urethane resin and titanium oxide particles whose primary particle and secondary particle diameters are defined.