Abstract: 1,2-Disulfones are particularly suitable as thermally and photochemically activatable latent acid catalysts for binder systems which contain at least one acid-curable component.

Abstract: Liquid-crystalline compounds of the formula I ##STR1## R is H, an alkyl or alkylene radical, Z.sup.1 and Z are each, independently of one another, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.dbd.CH--,--C.tbd.C-- or a single bond, and one of the radicals Z.sup.1 and Z is alternatively --(CH.sub.2).sub.4 -- or --CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --,A is trans-1,4-cyclohexylene in which, in addition, one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O--,A.sup.1 is trans-1,4-cyclohexylene in which, in addition, one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O--, or is 1,4-phenylene which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or disubstituted by fluorine and/or Cl atoms and in which, in addition, one or two CH groups may be replaced by N,W is --O--,Q is a single bond,m, o, s, r and t are as defined below,Y is F, Cl, OCF.sub.3, CHF.sub.2, OCHF.sub.2 or OCHF, and can be CF.sub.3,are suitable as components for liquid-crystalline media.

Abstract: A nematic liquid-crystal composition for active matrix displays with high voltage holding ratio, an optical birefringence an in the range from 0.12 to 0.13 and a low threshold voltage.

Abstract: A liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds having positive dielectric anisotropy, characterized in that it comprises one or more compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R, Y, L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 are as defined in claim 1.

Abstract: Partially fluorinated benzene derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## in which R, A.sup.1, A.sup.2, Q, Y, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, L.sup.3 and m are as defined in claim 1,are suitable as components of liquid-crystalline media.

Abstract: The invention relates to difluorovinyl ethers of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R, A, X and m are as defined in claim 1, and to the use of these compounds as components of liquid-crystalline media, and to liquid-crystal and electro-optical display elements which contain the novel liquid-crystalline media.

Abstract: 1,2-Disulfones are particularly suitable as thermally and photochemically activatable latent acid catalysts for binder systems which contain at least one acid-curable component.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, A.sup.1, A.sup.2, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, L.sup.3, m and n are as defined herein, are suitable as component of liquid-crystalline media.

Abstract: Vinylene compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which R, A.sup.1, Z.sup.1, X, L.sup.1, L.sup.2 and m have the meaning given in claim 1 are suitable as components of liquid-crystalline media.

Abstract: 1,2,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl ethers of the formula IR--(A.sup.1 --Z.sup.1).sub.m --A.sup.2 --Z.sup.2 A.sup.3 --O--CHF--CF.sub.3(I)are suitable as components of liquid-crystalline media whereinR is H, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkenyl radical having 1 to 15 carbon atoms,A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are each, independently of one another, a(a) trans-1,4-cyclohexylene radicals and derivatives thereof in which, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups is optionally replaced by --O-- and/or --S--,(b) 1,4-phenylene radicals and derivatives thereof in which, in addition, one or two CH groups is optionally replaced by N, or(c) radical from the group consisting of 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4-bicyclo(2,2,2)octylene, piperidine-1,4-diyl, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl,wherein radicals (a) and (b) are optionally substituted by one or two fluorine atoms,Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are each, independently of one another, --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.

Abstract: Fluorobenzene derivatives of formula I, ##STR1## in which R an alkenyl radical as further defined in the specification,A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene radical, 1,4-phenylene radical or other cyclic structure as further defined in the specification,Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are a single bond or bridging group,L is H or F,m is 0, 1 or 2,Y is F or Cl, andQ is a single bond.

Abstract: Polyamide esters which can be prepared from tetracarboxylic dianhydrides and can be converted into polyimides by alcohol cleavage with cyclization, characterized in that the radicals OR of the ester groups --COOR which are substituted during the polyimide formation are alkoxy radicals having 2 to 5 C atoms which are monosubstituted or polysubstituted by fluorine.Polyimides prepared therefrom are suitable as orientation layers in liquid-crystal display elements and in optical wave guides.

Abstract: Fluorine-containing five-membered ring compounds of the formula IR.sup.1 -(A.sup.1 -Z.sup.1).sub.m -A.sup.2 -Z.sup.2 -W Iin whichW is ##STR1## is a cyclohexane, cyclohexene or phenyl,Y.sup.1 is O or S,Y.sup.2 is (a) O, S, C.dbd.O or fluoroalkyl,Y.sup.3 is (a) N, CH or CF,Q is C.dbd.O, CHF, CF.sub.2, CHR.sup.2 or CFR.sup.2Q' is CF or CR.sup.2,R.sup.2 is C.sub.1-15 -alkyl, optionally at least mono-substituted by F,X is H, F or Cl,R.sup.1 H or hydrocarbyl,A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are a carbocyclic, aromatic or heterocyclic radicalZ.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are --CO--O, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.2 O--, --O--CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.dbd.CH--, --C.ident.C-- or a single bond, andm is 0, 1 or 2, and liquid-crystalline media containing same.

Abstract: A nematic liquid crystalline medium having at least two liquid crystalline components with at least one being of formula I ##STR1## wherein R is H, a straight-chain alkyl or alkenyl radical having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, it also being possible to replace one or more CH.sub.2 groups in these radicals, independently of one another, by --O--, --S--, ##STR2## --CO--, --CO--O--, --O--CO-- or --O--CO--O-- in such a way that oxygen atoms are not linked directly to one another,Z.sub.1 and Z are each, independently of one another, --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --, --CH.dbd.CH--, --C.tbd.C-- or a single bond, and one of the radicals Z.sup.1 and Z is alternatively --(CH.sub.2).sub.4 -- or --CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --,A and A.sup.1 are each, independently of one another, trans-1,4-cyclohexylene in which, in addition, one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.

Abstract: Benzene derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## in which R, A.sup.1, A.sup.2 X, L.sup.1, L.sup.2 m and n are as defined in claim are suitable as components of liquid-crystalline media.

Abstract: Partially fluorinated benzene derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## in which R, A.sup.1, A.sup.2, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, L.sup.1, L.sup.2 and m are as defined in claim 1, are suitable as components of liquid-crystalline media.

Abstract: Hexafluoropropyl ethers of the formula I ##STR1## in which R, A.sup.1, Z.sup.1, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, m and n are as defined herein are suitable as components of liquid-cyrstalline media.

Abstract: The invention relates to liquid crystal compounds having a terminal structure in accordance with formula 1, 2, 3 or 4:--A.sup.3 --OCF.sub.3 1--A.sup.2 --Q--CHF.sub.2 2--3,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene-X.sup.1 3--3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene-X.sup.2 4wherein A.sup.2, A.sup.3, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 and are defined herein. The invention further relates liquid crystal phases containing the above components as well as electrooptical displays containing same.

Abstract: The invention relates to a matrix liquid crystal display containing integrated non-linear elements and a liquid crystal mixture which has a particularly high resistivity.

Abstract: Biphenylylethanes of the formula I ##STR1## in which one of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is X and the other radical R.sup.1 or R.sup.2 is R--Y-- whereX is H, halogen, --CF.sub.3, --OCHF.sub.2, --OCF.sub.3, --CN, --NCS or --NO.sub.2,R is alkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkenyl or oxaalkyl andY is O, S, --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --O--CO--O--, a single bond or--in the case where m=1--alternatively trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or ##STR2## m is 1 or 2, Ph is in each case identical or different radicals selected from the group comprising 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene and 3,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene,L.sup.3 and L.sup.4 are each H, or one of these radicals is alternatively F,L.sup.1, L.sup.2and L.sup.5 are each H or F, with the proviso that in the case where X=CN or R.sup.1 =--NCS, Y is trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or ##STR3## and/or m=2 and/or one of the radicals L.sup.1, L.sup.2 and L.sup.