Abstract: Fluorobenzene derivatives of the formula I, ##STR1## R, A1, A2, S1, 22, L, m, Y, Q are as defined herein.

Abstract: Fluoromethyl ketones of the formula I ##STR1## are suitable as components of liquid-crystalline media wherein R is H, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkenyl radical having 1 to 15 carbon atoms,A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are each, independently of one another, a(a) trans-1,4-cyclohexylene radicals and derivatives thereof in which, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups is optionally replaced by --O-- and/or --S--,(b) 1,4-phenylene radicals and derivatives thereof in which, in addition, one or two CH groups is optionally replaced by N, or(c) radical from the group consisting of 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4-bicyclo(2,2,2)octylene, piperidine-1,4-diyl, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl,wherein radicals (a) and (b) are optionally substituted by one or two fluorine atoms,Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are each, independently of one another, --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.2 O--, --OCH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.dbd.CH--, --C.tbd.

Abstract: A liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds having positive dielectric anisotropy, comprising one or more compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which R, A.sup.1,. A.sup.2, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, m, n, L.sup.1, L 2 and L.sup.3 are as defined in claim 1.

Abstract: Vinyl compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which the variables are as described in the claims. The compounds are useful as components in liquid-crystalline media.

Abstract: The invention relates to optically active compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which R is an alkyl or alkenyl radical having up to 15 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted by --CN or at least monosubstituted by fluorine or chlorine, it also being possible for a CH.sub.2 group in these radicals to be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --O--CO--, --CO--O-- or --O--CO--O--,A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are each, independently of one another, a 1,4-phenylene radical, pyridine-2,5-diyl radical, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl radical, pyrazine-2,5-diyl radical, pyridazine-3,6-diyl radical, 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-diyl radical, 1,2,4-thiadiazole-3,5-diyl radical or trans-1,4-cyclohexylene radical, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two fluorine atoms, and in which, in addition, one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O-- and/or --S--, and/or a CH group,Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.3 are each, independently of one another, --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.2 O--, --OCH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula IR--(A.sup.1 -A.sup.1).sub.m --A.sup.2 --Q--CHF.sub.2 Iin which R, A.sup.1, Z.sup.1, m, A.sup.2 and Q have the meaning given in Patent Claim 1 are suitable as components of liquid-crystalline media.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium essentially comprisinga) 5-65% by weight of a component A, comprising two or more compounds selected from group A: ##STR1## b) 20-95% by weight of a component B comprising two or more compounds selected from group B: ##STR2## and c) 0-40% by weight of a component C, comprising one or more compounds having a clearing point above 170.degree. C., where R, X and Y each, independently of one another, have the following meanings:R is in each case alkyl, oxaalkyl, haloalkyl or alkenyl having up to 7 carbon atoms,X is F, Cl, CHF.sub.2, CF.sub.3, OCHF.sub.2 or OCF.sub.3, andY is H, F or Cl.

Abstract: The invention relates to a matrix liquid-crystal display based on the principle of electrically controlled birefringence, havingtwo plane-parallel outer plates, which, together with a frame, form a cell,integrated nonlinear elements for switching individual pixels on the outer plates,a nematic liquid-crystal mixture of negative dielectric anisotropy and high specific resistance which is located in the cell,electrode layers covered by alignment layers on the insides of the outer plates, anda tilt angle between the longitudinal axis of the molecules at the surface of the outer plates and the outer plates of from about 85 degrees to 95 degrees,in which the nematic liquid-crystal mixture contains at least one compound which contains a structural element of the formula 1, 2 or 3 ##STR1## and to a process for the production thereof and to the nematic liquid-crystal mixture it contains.

Abstract: The invention relates to a matrix liquid crystal display containing integrated non-linear elements and a liquid crystal mixture which has a particularly high resistivity.

Abstract: Trifluoromethylene compounds of the formula I ##STR1## which can be used as components of liquid-crystalline media for liquid-crystal and electrooptical display elements.

Abstract: Chiral 1,2-difluorobenzene derivatives are suitable as components of chiral tilted smectic liquid-crystalline phases.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel phenylcyclohexanes of the formula I ##STR1## in which Q is CH--Hal or C--Hal.sub.2 where Hal is F or Cl,n is 1 to 5,r is 0 to 6,A is a single bond, ##STR2## X is F, Cl, --CF.sub.3, --OCF.sub.3 or --OCHF.sub.2, and Y and Z are each, independently of one another, H or F.

Abstract: Positive-working photoresist compositions containing 23-27%, based on said composition, of at least one compound of formula (I) ##STR1## wherein one of the substituents X is hydrogen or a group of formula II ##STR2## and the other substituents X are a group of formula II; and 6-11%, based on said composition, of at least one polyhydroxy compound of formula III ##STR3## wherein X is a direct bond, --O--, --S--, --SO.sub.2 --, --CO-- or C(R.sub.6 (R.sub.7)--, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are each independently of the other hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or hydroxy, and R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are each independently of the other hydrogen, --CH.sub.3 or --CF.sub.3.These compositions have particularly good profile contrast and exhibit insignificant fluctuations in line width.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid crystalline medium having at least two components, where at least one component is a haloacetylene derivatives of the formula IR.sup.1 --A.sup.1 --Z.sup.1 --(A.sup.2 --Z.sup.2).sub.m --A.sup.3 --C.tbd.C--X IwhereinR.sup.1 is an alkyl or alkenyl radical having up to 15 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted by CN, halogen or CF.sub.3, or such a radical wherein one or more CH.sub.2 groups is replaced, in each case independently of one another, by --S--, --O--, ##STR1## --CO--, --CO--O--, --O--CO-- or --O--CO--O-- in such a manner that sulfur and/or oxygen atoms are not linked directly to one another,A.sup.1, A.sup.2 and A.sup.3, in each case independently of one another, are(a) a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene radical or --S-- one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to a matrix liquid crystal display containing integrated non-linear elements and a liquid crystal mixture which has a particularly high resistivity.

Abstract: The invention relates to positive photoresists based on alkali-soluble phenolic resin and photosensitive quinonediazide compounds which, by means of particular additives, give relief structures produced therewith an increased stability towards changes due to thermal effects.

Abstract: The invention relates to positive working photoresists for producing relief structures of high-temperature resistant polyimide prepolymers, which photoresists can be developed in aqueous-alkaline medium and which contain, in an organic solvent, essentially at leasta) one prepolymer which is convertible into a polyimide,b) one radiation-sensitive quinonediazide compound, and further optional components, said prepolymer being a completely esterified polyamic acid polymer.

Abstract: Difluoromethylene compounds of the formula IR.sup.1 --(A.sup.1 --Z.sup.1).sub.m --A.sup.2 --Q--CF.sub.2 --(A.sup.3 --Z.sup.2).sub.n --A.sup.4 --R.sup.2 Iin which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3, A.sup.4, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, m and n are as defined herein and Q is --CO--, --O-- or --S--, can be used as components of liquid-crystalline media for liquid-crystal and electrooptical display elements.

Abstract: The invention relates to negative photoresists of the polyimide type essentially containing, in an organic solvent, in each case at least(a) one polyamide-acid or polyamide-acid derivative prepolymer which can be converted into a highly heat-resistant polyimide polymer,(b) a photoinitiator, and, if appropriate, further customary additives which contain, as the photoinitiator, a compound of the formula IR.sup.1 --SO.sub.2 --SO.sub.2 --R.sup.2 Iin which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 1,2-disulfone compounds by oxidation of corresponding 1,2-disulfonylhydrazine compounds with the aid of concentrated nitric acid as the oxidizing agent.