Abstract: The embodiments relate to a method, and a technical equipment for implementing the method. The method comprises generating a bitstream defining a presentation, the presentation comprising an omnidirectional visual media content; and indicating in the bitstream a definition for an external media to be overlaid on the omnidirectional visual media content during rendering; wherein the definition comprises at least an overlay placement information for the external media on the omnidirectional visual media content. The embodiments also relate to a method and technical equipment for decoding the bitstream.

Abstract: Described embodiments include methods and techniques for creating media container files. An exemplary method comprises steps wherein, instead of estimating the size of a media segment header based on the segment duration, identified media data boxes are used. In the method, an identified media data element is written in a container file. Included into the identified data element, an identifier is used as a reference for the identified media data of the segment by other elements. The identifier can be a first movie fragment sequence number, or a first track fragment decode time.

Abstract: An apparatus includes at least one processor; and at least one non-transitory memory including computer program code; wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: provide signal information to identify an atlas identifier on a sample of a volumetric media track, or on the volumetric media track in a multi-track container; wherein the signal information allows a file parser to link volumetric media tracks with different atlas identifiers that originate from a volumetric media elementary stream; and wherein the file parser is able to reconstruct the volumetric media elementary stream based on the signal information and data encapsulated in the multi-track container.

Abstract: An apparatus includes at least one processor; and at least one non-transitory memory including computer program code; wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: receive a scene description comprising data associated with a scene; place the data associated with the scene into data buffers and create command buffers; adapt the data placed within the data buffers and synchronize the data within the data buffers with information provided from local media or network media; signal information about the adaptation to update the command buffers that command a renderer; and render the scene using the data within the data buffers and the command buffers.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product describing groups of overlays, such as semantically correlated overlays, to background media content. In the context of a method, a group of overlays to background media content is defined by metadata (60). The overlays include semantically correlated overlays having alternative overlays representing content with different levels of detail or overlays providing different choices of content. The method also includes receiving client selection of a respective overlay from a group of overlays (62). In response to the client selection, the method causes the respective overlay to be provided. The respective overlay is received (64) for presentation concurrent with background media content (68).

Abstract: A method comprising: deriving a first prediction block (608) at least partly based on an output of a neural net (602) using a first set of parameters; deriving a first encoded prediction error block (614-620) through encoding a difference of the first prediction block and a first input block; encoding (620) the first encoded prediction error block into a bitstream; deriving a first reconstructed prediction error block (624) from the first encoded prediction error block; deriving a training signal (628) from one or both of the first encoded prediction error block and/or the first reconstructed prediction error block (624); retraining (630) the neural net (602) with the training signal (628) to obtain a second set of parameters for the neural net (602); deriving a second prediction block (608) at least partly based on an output of the neural net using the second set of parameters; deriving a second encoded prediction error block (614-620) through encoding a difference of the second prediction block and a second

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product enable multiple timeline support in playback of omnidirectional media content with overlay. The method, apparatus and computer program product receive a visual overlay configured to be rendered as a multi-layer visual content with an omnidirectional media content file (30). The omnidirectional media content file is associated with a first presentation timeline. The visual overlay is associated with a second presentation timeline. The method, apparatus and computer program product construct an overlay behavior definition file associated with the visual overlay (32). The overlay behavior definition file indicates a behavior of the second presentation timeline with respect to the first presentation in an instance that a pre-defined user interaction switch occurs during a playback of the omnidirectional media content file.

Abstract: An apparatus, a method and a computer program product are described comprising: obtaining or receiving video data; providing a current frame and/or one or more previous frames of the obtained or received video data to an input of a neural network; generating a predicted output at an output of the neural network, wherein the predicted output comprises at least one of one or more predicted future frames of the video data and predicted properties of one or more future frames of the video data; determining one or more processing decisions based, at least in part, on the predicted output; and processing the current frame of the video data at least partially according to the one or more processing decisions.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided to store and signal pre-derivation properties in an image container file (24, 26). Relative to the construction of image package comprising an image container file, the method, apparatus and computer program product assign a pre-derivation property identifier data structure identifying one or more pre-derivation properties of one or more pre-derived images (22). With respect to the processing of an image container file, the method, apparatus and computer program product permit an image container file and a pre-derivation property identifier data structure identifying one or more pre-derivation properties of one or more pre-derived images in the image be processed to cause one or more pre-derived image items from the image container file to be rendered or edited and regenerated in accordance with the pre-derivation properties.

Abstract: There are disclosed various methods, apparatuses and computer program products for video encoding. In some embodiments a method comprises including two or more entities into a container file, wherein each entity is a media item or a media track; and indicating in one of the following: the container file or a description of the container file; that the two or more entities are playable in the order they appear in the container file to achieve progressive refinement. In addition, a method, an apparatus and a computer program product for parsing information is provided.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, and computer programs for compressing a neural network are disclosed. An apparatus includes at least one processor; and at least one non-transitory memory including computer program code, the memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: receive information from a second device, where the information comprises at least one parameter configured to be used for compression of a neural network, where the at least one parameter is in regard to at least one first aspect or task of the neural network; and compress the neural network, where the neural network is compressed based, at least partially, upon the at least one parameter received from the second device. The apparatus may also receive a compressed neural network from the second device, and further compress the compressed neural network based on the information.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided to include information within a container that also includes a video bitstream as to whether individual image items corresponding to the video frames of the video bitstream bitstreams are self-decodable or, alternatively, are dependent upon one or more other image items. In an instance in which a respective image item is dependent upon one or more other image items, the method, apparatus and computer program product also include dependence information within the container identifying the other image item(s)upon which the decodability of the respective image item is dependent. As such, the method, apparatus and computer program product permit decoding relationships to be defined in the container between a predictively coded frame and other image item(s)upon which the predictively coded frame is dependent, thereby facilitating the decoding of the frame and, in turn, the video bitstream.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided to signal grouping types in an image container file. Relative to the construction of an image container file, the method, apparatus and computer program product construct an image container file having a group box with a grouping type associated with burst-captured images, time-synchronized images captured by a plurality of image capture devices or an image item associated with an audio track. With respect to the processing of an image container file, the method, apparatus and computer program product permit an image container file having a group box with a grouping type associated with one of burst-captured images, time-synchronized images captured by a plurality of image capture devices or an image item associated with an audio track to be processed to cause one or more image items from the image container file to be rendered in accordance with the grouping type.

Abstract: The embodiments relate to a method, and a technical equipment for implementing the method. The method comprises generating a bitstream defining a presentation, the presentation comprising an omnidirectional visual media content; and indicating in the bitstream a definition for an external media to be overlaid on the omnidirectional visual media content during rendering; wherein the definition comprises at least an overlay placement information for the external media on the omnidirectional visual media content. The embodiments also relate to a method and technical equipment for decoding the bitstream.

Abstract: There are provided methods, apparatuses, systems and computer program products for coding volumetric video, where a first texture picture is coded, the first texture picture comprising a first projection of texture data of a first source volume of a digital scene model, the scene model comprising a number of further source volumes, the first projection being from the first source volume to a first projection surface, a first geometry picture is coded, the first geometry picture representing a mapping of the first projection surface to the first source volume, and first projection geometry information of the first projection is coded, the first projection geometry information comprising information of position of the first projection surface in the scene model.

Abstract: There are disclosed various methods, apparatuses and computer program products for video encoding. In some embodiments a method comprises including two or more entities into a container file, wherein each entity is a media item or a media track; and indicating in one of the following: the container file or a description of the container file; that the two or more entities are playable in the order they appear in the container file to achieve progressive refinement. In addition, a method, an apparatus and a computer program product for parsing information is provided.

Abstract: There are disclosed various methods, apparatuses and computer program products for video encoding. In some embodiments a method comprises including two or more entities into a container file, wherein each entity is a media item or a media track; and indicating in one of the following: the container file or a description of the container file; that the two or more entities are playable in the order they appear in the container file to achieve progressive refinement. In addition, a method, an apparatus and a computer program product for parsing information is provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and technical equipment for implementing the method. The method comprises generating a three-dimensional segment of a scene of a content; generating more than one two-dimensional views of the three-dimensional segment, each two-dimensional view representing a virtual camera view; generating multi-view streams by encoding each of the two-dimensional views; encoding parameters of a virtual camera to the respective stream of the multi-view stream; receiving a selection of one or more streams of the multi-view stream; and streaming only the selected one or more streams.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method comprising receiving, by a neural network, a first image comprising at least one target object; receiving, by the neural network, a second image comprising at least one query object; and determining, by the neural network, whether the query object corresponds to the target object, wherein the neural network comprises a discriminator neural network of a generative adversarial network (GAN). The invention further relates to an apparatus and a computer program product that perform the method.

Abstract: There are disclosed various methods, apparatuses and computer program products for video encoding. In some embodiments a method comprises: obtaining a coded first image and a coded second image, wherein the coded second image depends on the coded first image; determining that, when displaying a decoded second image that is decoded from the coded second image, it is allowed to first display a decoded first image that is decoded from the coded first image; and in response to said determination: including the coded first image into a first image container file and including the coded second image into a second image container file; indicating, in a markup language code, that a first image container file and a second image container file are alternatives; and indicating, in the markup language code, that the second image container file depends on the first image container file.