Abstract: Aldehydes, such as acetaldehyde, are oxidized to carboxylic acids, such as acetic acid, by contacting the aldehyde with oxygen at oxidative conditions in the presence of a catalyst of the empirical formulaMo.sub.12 P.sub.0.1-3 Cu.sub.0.01-2 V.sub.0.1-3 M.sub.0.1-3 M'.sub.0.01-3 O.sub.x (I)whereM is at least one of K, Rb, Cs and Tl;M' is at least one of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Nb, Ti, Zr, Ta, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Ag, Al, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Bi, Te, Ce, Th, U and Sb; andx is a number that satisfies the valence requirements of the other elements present.

Abstract: A process is provided for the oxydehydrogenation of aldehydes such as isobutyraldehyde with oxygen in the presence of iron phosphorus oxide catalysts containing promoters selected from Ag, Al, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Ge, In, Mn, Ni, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, Zn, Zr, rare earths and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of coated iron phosphorus oxide containing catalysts useful in the oxydehydrogenation of saturated carboxylic acids, wherein the catalysts are prepared by partially wetting a carrier or support in an aqueous silica solution/suspension, contacting the partially wet carrier with a powder of the iron phosphorus oxide catalyst, drying and calcining.

Abstract: Isobutyraldehyde is oxidized to methacrylic acid by contacting gaseous isobutyraldehyde with molecular oxygen at oxidative conditions in the presence of a catalyst of the empirical formula:Mo.sub.12 P.sub.0.1-3 Cu.sub.0.01-2 V.sub.0.01-3 M.sub.0.1-3 M'.sub.0.01-2 O.sub.xwhereM is at least one of K, Rb, Cs and Tl;M' is at least one of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Nb and Sb; andx is a positive number that satisfies the valence requirements of the other elements present.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of maleic anhydride in high yield and selectivity which comprises partially oxidizing an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon selected from 1-butene, 2-butene and 1,3-butadiene or mixtures thereof in the vapor phase at elevated temperatures with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a single phase vanadium(IV)bis(metaphosphate) catalyst having the formula VO(PO.sub.3).sub.2. Preferably the reaction is carried out in the presence of steam to enhance the selectivity to maleic anhydride.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a single phase vanadium(IV)bis(metaphosphate), VO(PO.sub.3).sub.2, catalyst having an improved surface area and useful for the vapor phase oxidation of linear C.sub.4 unsaturated olefins, such as the n-butenes, to prepare maleic anhydride.

Abstract: A lower unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon of at least 4 carbon atoms and an oxygen-containing gas react to form maleic anhydride in the presence of a catalyst having the oxides of tungsten, phosphorus, thallium, and vanadium, said catalyst being a phosphotungstic catalyst modified by minor amounts of thallium oxide and vanadium oxide, the sum of the oxides of Tl and V constituting from 1% to 15% of the catalyst, the atom ratio of Tl:V being within a range from about 2:1 to about 8:1 and the overall atomic ratios are such that W:P:Tl:V corresponds to 1:0.1-0.7:0.01-0.16:0.01-0.1. Sometimes from about 3 to about 50 volume percent steam is added to the reactant stream to enhance catalyst stability and selectivity.

Abstract: Protein hormones are fractionated and isolated from extracts of pituitary glands or tissues. Increased yield and purity of the growth hormone is obtained by using controlled amounts of polyethylene glycol as precipitating agent at pH = 4-6, preferably 4.5-5.0 and separating the precipitated fractions.