Abstract: Novel isoindoline pigments of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is --CN and R.sup.2 is CN or a 5- to 7-membered hetero-cycle;R.sup.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, phenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, halogen or C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -acylamino;R.sup.4 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, halogen, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy or nitro;m is a number from 1 to 4;n is a number from 1 to 3; andR.sup.5 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl.

Abstract: Readily dispersible polycyclic pigments from the class of the quinacridones and dioxazines are prepared by using a fatty acid tauride of the formula (I)R.sup.1 --CO--NR.sup.2 --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --SO.sub.3.sup.- M.sup.+(I)in whichR.sup.1 is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having from 10 to 24 carbon atoms andR.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl group,M.sup.+ is a hydrogen ion, ammonium ion, alkali metal ion or alkaline earth metal ion and n is 1 or 2, or a mixture of at least two fatty acid taurides of the formula (I).

Abstract: Linear, unsubstituted quinacridone pigments of the .beta.-phase can be produced in an environmentally friendly manner bya) cyclizing 2,5-dianilinoterephthalic acid in polyphosphoric acid or a polyphosphoric ester to the quinacridone,b) then hydrolyzing the quinacridone with water at a temperature of at least 40.degree. C., preferably at from 60.degree. to 100.degree. C., to obtain a finely divided quinacridone pigment crude which is predominantly in the .alpha.-phase,c) then optionally wet grinding the finely divided quinacridone pigment crude from b) (pre-pigment), andd) then heating the crude pigment from b) or the pre-pigment from c) to a temperature between 120.degree. and 200.degree. C. in the presence of from 0.1 to 1.5 times the amount of an inorganic base, based on the weight of the crude pigment, in an inert liquid medium (solvent finish).To improve the depth and hue of the color, an oxidative treatment with a peroxodisulfate can be carried out subsequently.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of substituted and unsubstituted 2-(cyanomethyl)benzimidazoleA process for the preparation of substituted or unsubstituted 2-(cyanomethyl)benzimidazole, of the formula (I) ##STR1## which comprises reacting an o-phenylenediamine of the formula (II) ##STR2## in which R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, preferably methyl or methoxy, and n is an integer from 0 to 2, preferably 0 or 1, in particular 0, with a cyanoacetic ester of the formula (III)NC--CH.sub.2 --COOR.sup.2 (III)in which R.sup.2 is unsubstituted or substituted, linear, branched or cyclic C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 -alkyl and 1 to 3 CH.sub.2 groups of the alkyl radical can in each case be replaced by oxygen, at a temperature of 150.degree.-175.degree. C. in a halogen-free inert solvent whose boiling point is 150.degree. C. or more, or in a mixture of two or more of such solvents, without adding an aromatic sulfonic acid as catalyst.

Abstract: Novel perylene compounds based on perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid monoanhydride monoimides which are substituted by alkylene- or arylenesulfonic acid groups on one or both imide nitrogen atoms, or on corresponding tetracarboxylic acid diimides, or on a halogenation product thereof, have properties which render them accessible, in addition to their use as dispersing agent for pigments of the same class of compound or other categories, also for direct use as pigments and fluorescent dyestuffs as well as polymer-soluble dyestuffs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mixtures of dyes of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is hydrogen, halogen, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) -alkyl or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkoxy;R.sup.2 is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkoxy, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkoxycarbonyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkylcarbonyloxy or phenyl, which may be substituted or unsubstituted;R.sup.3 is hydrogen, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkoxy or phenyl, which may be substituted or unsubstituted; andR.sup.4 is hydrogen, halogen, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkoxy, phenylthio or phenoxy, which may be substituted or unsubstituted, to processes for their preparation and to the use of the dyes of the general formula I and their mixtures with one another for the dyeing and printing of textile hydrophobic synthetic fibre materials and blends thereof with natural fibre materials.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2,9-dimethylquinacridone pigments or mixed crystal pigments or mixtures of 2,9-dimethylquinacridone and quinacridones which in the two outer fused benzene rings can be substituted, characterized by the form of their crystalline particles having an average ratio of length to width of <2:1 and an average particle size of <0.4 .mu.m, by adding to the solution of 2,9-dimethylquinacridone before or during the finishing of the corresponding crude quinacridones of the quinacridones mentioned in water or solvent mixtures at temperatures from about 60.degree. to about 200.degree. C., in each case a compound of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in an amount of about 1 to 20% by weight, in which Q is a quinacridone radical which is unsubstituted or substituted, Y is an --NR.sup.4 R.sup.5 group or the radical of a five-, six- or seven-membered heterocycle which contains one to three hetero atoms and can be substituted, R and R' are hydrogen or alkyl, and R.sup.1 to R.sup.

Abstract: Use of biscationic acid imide and acid imide derivatives whose anion is the stoichiometric equivalent of one or more organic or inorganic, mixed or non-mixed anions, the compounds also being able to exist as mixed crystals with different cations, individually or in combination, as charge controllers for toners and developers employed for electrophotographic copying or multicopying of originals and for printing electronically, optically or magnetically stored data or in color proofing, and as charge controllers for powders and powder paints.

Abstract: The invention relates to biscationic acid amide and acid imide derivatives with an anion of formula (BR.sub.9 R.sub.10 R.sub.11 R.sub.12)--, where R.sub.9 to R.sub.12 are aliphatic, iso- or heterocyclic aromatic residues or aralkyl residues, which may be substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl residues, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy residues, aryl residues or halogen atoms (e.g. fluorine atoms), and mixtures of these compounds and mixed crystals with mixed anions and/or cations. The invention also relates to a process for preparing them. The new compounds are excellent colorless charge controllers in toners and developers for electrophotographic recording and as charge-enhancers in powders and paints for surface coating, in particular in triboelectrically or electrokinetically sprayed powder paints.

Abstract: In conventional dry milling of C.I. Pigment Violet 23, the environment is heavily polluted by the necessarily formed dusts, the resulting noise and vigorous vibration during the milling process.According to the invention, it has now been found that these shortcomings can be avoided by carrying out the comminution of the base pigment by aqueous-alcoholic milling in the presence of beads and selected pigment dispersants derived from dioxazine compounds containing basic groups, followed by a solvent finish.Such a combination of the two abovementioned treatment operations even makes it possible to increase the capacity without the need for any other expensive investments for constructional modifications of the equipment.

Abstract: Phthalocyanine pigments and phthalocyanine pigment preparations in the .alpha. phase and in the .beta. phase are prepared with phase conservation in an environmentally safe and economical manner bya) first wet milling a phthalocyanine pigment in an inert liquid medium in a stirred ball mill which is operated at a power density of more than 2.

Abstract: Copper phthalocyanine pigments and pigment preparations in the .alpha. phase are prepared with phase conversion from copper phthalocyanine crude pigments of the .beta. phase in an environmentally safe and economical manner bya) first wet milling a copper phthalocyanine pigment, which is predominantly present in the .beta. phase, in an aqueous, preferably neutral to alkaline medium in a stirred ball mill which is operated at a power density of more than 2.

Abstract: In order to improve the application properties, in particular the rheological and coloristic properties, and the gloss behavior and the flocculation stability of dioxazine pigments in acrylic varnishes, the surface of the base pigment is modified by coating with sulfo-containing dioxazine derivatives, which in most cases have been converted into the corresponding metal salts, into specific salt-like derivatives derived therefrom or, if desired, into cyclic ammonium compounds. Such a modification of the base pigment, i.e. production of the pigment preparations according to the invention by adding the specific dispersant, can take place at the stage of the pigment synthesis, during a comminution process of the coarse-crystalline crude pigment, by addition to the already finely divided crude pigment in the course of a subsequent solvent finish treatment or by mechanical mixing of the two essential components, pigment and dispersant.

Abstract: Pigment preparations consisting essentially of (a) at least one pigment based on perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride or on corresponding monoimides or diimides of tetracarboxylic acid monoanhydride, or a halogenation product thereof, (b) at least one pigment dispergent based on perylene-3,4,9,10-monoimide substituted on one or both imide nitrogen atoms by alkylene or arylene sulphonic or carboxylic acid groups or on corresponding diimides of tetracarboxylic acid monoanhydride, or a halogenation product thereof. The dispergents used appreciably enhance the key properties of perylene pigments, such as dispersibility, coloring power, stability to flocculation, transparency, rheological behavior and surface properties of the application medium. These new preparations are suitable for the pigmentation of high-quality lacquers and synthetic resins.

Abstract: Pigment preparation essentially comprisinga) at least one pigment from the class of azo, anthrapyrimidine, anthanthrone, quinacridone, perinone, diketopyrrolopyrrole, dioxazine, flavanthrone, indanthrone, isoindolinone, isoviolanthrone, perylene, phthalocyanine, pyranthrone or thioindigo pigments or a mixture of pigments belonging to various classes, andb) at least one dispersant of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which P, independently of the pigments mentioned in a), is a radical of an anthanthrone azo, quinacridone, perinone, diketopyrrolopyrrole, dioxazine, indanthrone, perylene, phthalocyanine or thioindigo pigment,R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, independently of one another, are hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ecologically favorable process for the hydrolytic decomposition of halogen-containing compounds of the formula CX.sub.4 or CHX.sub.3 or mixtures of these compounds, in which X as halogen is chlorine or bromine or a combination thereof, in an aqueous-alkaline medium, which comprises first keeping the aqueous-alkaline reaction mixture comprising the abovementioned halogen-containing compounds at a temperature of between 0.degree. and 1000.degree. C. under the autogenous pressure which is formed in a closed reaction vessel for a period of up to 10 hours and then subjecting the mixture to a heat treatment at a temperature of between 70.degree. and 150.degree. C. under the autogenous pressure which is formed therein, in the presence of sulfite. The process according to the invention is particularly suitable for hydrolytic decomposition of halogen-containing reaction products from aqueous-alkaline hypohalite oxidations.

Abstract: Perylenetetracarboxylic diimides which contain a radical in the same molecule on one imide nitrogen which acts as an anion but contain a radical on the other imide nitrogen which acts as a cation, and on this basis form inner salts, are available by reaction of sulfo-containing alkylamines with perylenetetracarboxylic monoanhydride monoalkylaminoalkylimides or by reaction of alkylaminoalkylamines with perylenetetracarboxylic monoanhydride monosulfoalkylimides. As a result of their characteristic structural principle, these novel perylene compounds have excellent dispersing properties, in particular for pigments of the same chemical classes of compounds and can even be used themselves as pigments (colorants) depending on the substituent.

Abstract: Polymeric, water-soluble triazine compounds which contain both basic and acidic groups in the molecule have out-standing surfactant properties and are suitable for the preparation of dispersions of solids, preferably of dispersions of inorganic and/or organic pigments, in an aqueous or water-dilutable medium. Since these triazine compounds are colorless or only slightly colored, they do not influence the shade of the medium used.

Abstract: Pigment preparations whose pigment portion is composed essentially of organic pigments and of pigment additives of the formula I ##STR1## in which P is a radical of an organic pigment and X in the methylene groups of the lactam ring is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, phenyl, hydroxyl, NR.sup.1 R.sup.2 or COOM, m is an integer from 3 to 20 and n can have a value from 0.1 to 4, are suitable for pigmenting high-molecular-weight organic materials in solvent-borne as well as aqueous systems.The pigment preparations have high flocculation stability and good rheological properties.

Abstract: Quinacridones having selectively adjusted triboelectric effects, which quinacridones contain about 0.05% to 100 percent by weight of triboelectrically active compounds of the general formula IQ--A--Y].sub.n (I),in which Q is a quinacridone radical which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen atoms, alkyl, alkoxy H.sub.2 N--CO--, alkyl--NH--CO-- or (alkyl).sub.2 N--CO groups, A is a direct bond or --O--, --S--, --NR.sup.1 --, --CO--, --SO.sub.2 --, --CR.sup.2 R.sup.3 -- or arylene and Y is an --NR.sup.4 R.sup.5 group or a five-, six- or seven-membered heterocycle which contains one to three heteroatoms from the series comprising nitrogen and/or oxygen and/or sulfur and which can be substituted by alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyphenyl, halogen, --CN, --COOH, --CO-- NRR', --SO.sub.2 --NRR', hydroxyalkyl or alkylaminoalkyl, in which R and R' together with the nitrogen atom can be a heterocycle, R and R' are hydrogen atoms or alkyl and R.sup.1 to R.sup.