Abstract: Systems and methods for image enhancement are disclosed. A method for enhancing an image may include acquiring a first scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image at a first resolution. The method may also include acquiring a second SEM image at a second resolution. The method may further include providing an enhanced image by using the first SEM image as a reference to enhance the second SEM image. The enhanced image may be provided by using one or more features extracted from the first image to enhance the second SEM image, or using the first SEM image as a reference to numerically enhance the second SEM image.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus including: a substrate holder constructed to support a substrate; a patterning device configured to provide radiation modulated according to a desired pattern, the patterning device including an array of radiation source modules configured to project the modulated radiation onto a respective array of exposure regions on the substrate; and a distributed processing system configured to process projection related data to enable the projection of the desired pattern onto the substrate, the distributed processing system including at least one central processing unit and a plurality of module processing units each associated with a respective radiation source module.

Abstract: A direct write exposure apparatus configured to process a plurality of substrates, the apparatus including: a substrate holder configured to hold a substrate having a usable patterning area; a patterning system configured to project different patterns onto the substrate; a processing system configured to: determine a first combination of one or more patterns that are to be applied on a first substrate of the plurality of substrates; and determine a second, different combination of one or more patterns that are to be applied on a second, subsequent, substrate of the plurality of substrates.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus including: a substrate holder constructed to support a substrate; a patterning device configured to provide radiation modulated according to a desired pattern, the patterning device including an array of radiation source modules configured to project the modulated radiation onto a respective array of exposure regions on the substrate; and a distributed processing system configured to process projection related data to enable the projection of the desired pattern onto the substrate, the distributed processing system including at least one central processing unit and a plurality of module processing units each associated with a respective radiation source module.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus including: a substrate holder constructed to support a substrate; a patterning device configured to provide radiation modulated according to a desired pattern, the patterning device including a plurality of two-dimensional arrays of radiation sources, each radiation source configured to emit a radiation beam; a projection system configured to project the modulated radiation onto the substrate, the projection system including a plurality of optical elements arranged side by side and arranged such that a two-dimensional array of radiation beams from a two-dimensional array of radiation sources impinges a single optical element of the plurality of optical elements; and an actuator configured to provide relative motion between the substrate and the plurality of two-dimensional arrays of radiation sources in a scanning direction to expose the substrate.

Abstract: An electron beam inspection apparatus, the apparatus including a plurality of electron beam columns, each electron beam column configured to provide an electron beam and detect scattered or secondary electrons from an object, and an actuator system configured to move one or more of the electron beam columns relative to another one or more of the electron beam columns. The actuator system may include a plurality of first movable structures at least partly overlapping a plurality of second movable structures, the first and second movable structures supporting the plurality of electron beam columns.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to provide a plurality of radiation beams modulated according to at least two sub patterns of a pattern using radiation sources, the radiation sources producing radiation beams of at least two spot sizes such that each of the radiation beams having a same spot size of the at least two spot sizes is used to produce one of the at least two sub patterns, project the plurality of beams onto a substrate, and provide relative motion between the substrate and the plurality of radiation sources, in a scanning direction to expose the substrate. A method and apparatus to provide radiation modulated according to a desired pattern using a plurality of rows of two-dimensional arrays of radiation sources, project the modulated radiation onto a substrate using a projection system, and remove fluid from between the projection system and the substrate using one or more fluid removal units.