Abstract: A system for nondestructive measurement of a sample, the system includes a stage configured to support the sample thereon; a light source unit configured to output a pump beam having a first inspection wavelength and a probe beam having a second inspection wavelength; a beam delayer configured to delay a path of one of the pump beam and the probe beam; an optical system configured to provide the pump beam and the probe beam to the sample; a detector configured to detect the probe beam reflected from the sample; and a processor configured to: determine at least one of the first inspection wavelength and the second inspection wavelength so that a change in a reflectance at which the probe beam is reflected from the sample is maximized; and determine characteristics of the sample based on the probe beam reflected from the sample.

Abstract: A skin-permeable peptide, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof of the present disclosure effectively delivers skin bioactive molecules deep into the skin tissues through assembly or fusion methods, thereby providing outstanding skin permeability as well as excellent skin residual effect of bioactive materials to maximize bioactive efficacy. Accordingly, the skin-permeable peptide, derivative thereof, or fragment thereof may be widely used as an active ingredient of a pharmaceutical composition for external use and a functional cosmetic composition that target skin tissues including mucous membranes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a battery module including: a pair of battery groups in which a plurality of battery cells are stacked; a first heat exchanger disposed between the pair of battery groups to perform heat exchange with first stacked surfaces of the pair of battery groups; and a pair of second heat exchangers disposed outside the pair of battery groups to perform heat exchange with second stacked surfaces which are sides opposite to the first stacked surfaces.

Abstract: An optimal transfer hospital determining method and server are provided. Provided is the optimal transfer hospital determining method comprising: determining candidate hospitals; acquiring status information about an emergency patient; determining the severity of the patient on the basis of the acquired status information; calculating emergency event possibility information on the basis of the acquired status information; acquiring transport resources availability information about the determined candidate hospitals; calculating the suitability of each candidate hospital on the basis of the determined severity of the patient, the acquired emergency event possibility information, and the transport resource availability information; and determining the optimal transfer hospital on the basis of the calculated suitability of each candidate hospital.

Abstract: The present invention provides a battery module including: a pair of battery groups in which a plurality of battery cells are stacked; a first heat exchanger disposed between the pair of battery groups to perform heat exchange with first stacked surfaces of the pair of battery groups; and a pair of second heat exchangers disposed outside the pair of battery groups to perform heat exchange with second stacked surfaces which are sides opposite to the first stacked surfaces.

Abstract: A negative-level shifting circuit includes a first level shifter including an input circuit configured to receive a logic signal having a first voltage level and a load circuit configured to generate a first output signal having a second voltage level based on a voltage generated by the input circuit, and a second level shifter configured to receive the first output signal from the first level shifter and generate a second output signal having a third voltage level. The first level shifter further includes a shielding circuit connected between the input circuit and the load circuit and configured to separate an operating voltage region of the input circuit from an operating voltage region of the load circuit such that the input circuit operates in a positive voltage region and the load circuit operates in a negative voltage region.

Abstract: A negative-level shifting circuit includes a first level shifter including an input circuit configured to receive a logic signal having a first voltage level and a load circuit configured to generate a first output signal having a second voltage level based on a voltage generated by the input circuit, and a second level shifter configured to receive the first output signal from the first level shifter and generate a second output signal having a third voltage level. The first level shifter further includes a shielding circuit connected between the input circuit and the load circuit and configured to separate an operating voltage region of the input circuit from an operating voltage region of the load circuit such that the input circuit operates in a positive voltage region and the load circuit operates in a negative voltage region.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sustained-release lipid pre-concentrate, comprising: a) at least one liquid crystal former; b) at least one phospholipid; c) at least one liquid crystal hardener; and d) at least one bi- or multivalent metal salt, wherein the sustained-release pre-concentrate exists as a lipid liquid phase in the absence of aqueous fluid and forms into a liquid crystal upon exposure to aqueous fluid. The sustained-release lipid pre-concentrate is configured to enhance the sustained release of anionic pharmacologically active substances through ionic interaction between the bi- or multivalent metal salt and the anionic pharmacologically active substances.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit device includes: a substrate which has a first conductivity type and in which a first amplifier area and a second amplifier area are defined; a first well which has a second conductivity type, a first pocket well which has the first conductivity type and is separated from the first well, and a first deep well which has the second conductivity type, surrounds the first pocket well, and is separated from the first well; and a second well which has the second conductivity type, a second pocket well which has the first conductivity type and is separated from the second well, and a second deep well which has the second conductivity type, surrounds the second pocket well, and is separated from the second well The first well, the first pocket well, and the first deep well are formed in the first amplifier area of the substrate, and the second well, the second pocket well, and the second deep well are formed in the second amplifier area of the substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including a recessed channel transistor, and a method of manufacturing the same, provide: a substrate in which an isolation trench is provided; an isolation layer provided in the isolation trench so as to define a pair of source/drain regions in the substrate; a gate pattern provided in the isolation trench between the pair of source/drain regions, the gate pattern having a top surface at a same level as a top surface of the isolation layer and having a bottom surface at a lower depth than the pair of source/drain regions with respect to a top surface of the substrate; and a gate insulating layer provided between the substrate and the gate pattern at a bottom surface of the isolation trench.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit device includes: a substrate which has a first conductivity type and in which a first amplifier area and a second amplifier area are defined; a first well which has a second conductivity type, a first pocket well which has the first conductivity type and is separated from the first well, and a first deep well which has the second conductivity type, surrounds the first pocket well, and is separated from the first well; and a second well which has the second conductivity type, a second pocket well which has the first conductivity type and is separated from the second well, and a second deep well which has the second conductivity type, surrounds the second pocket well, and is separated from the second well The first well, the first pocket well, and the first deep well are formed in the first amplifier area of the substrate, and the second well, the second pocket well, and the second deep well are formed in the second amplifier area of the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to detoxified and immunologically active proteins (“mutant LTs”) having mutated amino acid sequences of heat-labile enterotoxin of E. coli, DNA sequences encoding the mutant LTs, recombinant expression vectors comprising the DNAs, recombinant microorganisms transformed with the recombinant expression vectors, process for preparing the mutant LTs and pharmaceutical application of the said protein as immunogenic antigens for vaccination and as adjuvants for anti-body production. In contrast to wild-type LT, the mutant LTs did not induce any toxic activities. The mutant LTs elicited high and comparable levels of anti-LT antibodies when delivered either intragastrically or intranasally, inducing systemic and local responses in serum and fecal extracts. Thus, they might be useful for the development of a novel diarrheal vaccine in humans and animals.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel angiogenesis inhibitor, LK68 whose amino acid sequence is identical with the human apolipoprotein (a) kringle domains IV36, IV37 and V38, a cDNA sequence encoding the LK68, a recombinant expression vector comprising the cDNA, a recombinant microorganism transformed with the recombinant expression vector and a novel use of the LK68 as an anticancer agent and a method for treating angiogenesis-mediated disease. LK68, LK6, LK7 and LK8 exhibit inhibitory activities on the cultured endothelial cell proliferation as well as on the endothelial cell migration. LK68 and its single kringles also inhibit the normal development of capillaries in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). It was also showed that systemic administration of LK68 causes the inhibition of primary tumor growth, which is correlated with a suppression of tumor-induced angiogenesis.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel angiogenesis inhibitor, LK68 whose amino acid sequence is identical with the human apolipoprotein (a) kringle domains IV36, IV37 and V38, a cDNA sequence encoding the LK68, a recombinant expression vector comprising the cDNA, a recombinant microorganism transformed with the recombinant expression vector and a novel use of the LK68 as an anticancer agent and a method for treating angiogenesis-mediated disease. LK68, LK6, LK7 and LK8 exhibit inhibitory activities on the cultured endothelial cell proliferation as well as on the endothelial cell migration. LK68 and its single kringles also inhibit the normal development of capillaries in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). It was also showed that systemic administration of LK68 causes the inhibition of primary tumor growth, which is correlated with a suppression of tumor-induced angiogenesis.

Abstract: A semiconductor device in which polysilicon is used to form source and drain regions in an initial process step so as to reduce resistance of bit lines and minimize a junction capacitance and thus improve its reliability, and a method for fabricating the same are disclosed, the semiconductor device including a semiconductor substrate, trenches formed in predetermined areas of the semiconductor substrate, an insulating layer formed in the trenches and beneath a surface of the substrate to have a recess, a polysilicon layer formed on the insulating layer in the trench, source and drain regions formed at both sides of the polysilicon layer beneath a surface of the semiconductor substrate, and gates formed over the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel angiogenesis inhibitor, LK68 whose amino acid sequence is identical with the human apolipoprotein (a) kringle domains IV36, IV37 and V38, a cDNA sequence encoding the LK68, a recombinant expression vector comprising the cDNA, a recombinant microorganism transformed with the recombinant expression vector and a novel use of the LK68 as an anticancer agent and a method for treating angiogenesis-mediated disease. LK68, LK6, LK7 and LK8 exhibit inhibitory activities on the cultured endothelial cell proliferation as well as on the endothelial cell migration. LK68 and its single kringles also inhibit the normal development of capillaries in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). It was also showed that systemic administration of LK68 causes the inhibition of primary tumor growth, which is correlated with a suppression of tumor-induced angiogenesis.

Abstract: A semiconductor device in which polysilicon is used to form source and drain regions in an initial process step so as to reduce resistance of bit lines and minimize a junction capacitance and thus improve its reliability, and a method for fabricating the same are disclosed, the semiconductor device including a semiconductor substrate, trenches formed in predetermined areas of the semiconductor substrate, an insulating layer formed in the trenches and beneath a surface of the substrate to have a recess, a polysilicon layer formed on the insulating layer in the trench, source and drain regions formed at both sides of the polysilicon layer beneath a surface of the semiconductor substrate, and gates formed over the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor device in which polysilicon is used to form source and drain regions in an initial process step so as to reduce resistance of bit lines and minimize a junction capacitance and thus improve its reliability, and a method for fabricating the same are disclosed, the semiconductor device including a semiconductor substrate, trenches formed in predetermined areas of the semiconductor substrate, an insulating layer formed in the trenches and beneath a surface of the substrate to have a recess, a polysilicon layer formed on the insulating layer in the trench, source and drain regions formed at both sides of the polysilicon layer beneath a surface of the semiconductor substrate, and gates formed over the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a flash memory cell includes the steps of forming a field insulating layer on a substrate, forming a first gate oxide layer on the substrate, forming a floating gate, a first insulating layer and a control gate on the first gate oxide layer, forming sidewall insulating layers at both sides of the floating gate and the control gate, forming sidewall conductive layers on the sidewall insulating layers, and forming a source and drain region in the substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor device in which polysilicon is used to form source and drain regions in an initial process step so as to reduce resistance of bit lines and minimize a junction capacitance and thus improve its reliability, and a method for fabricating the same are disclosed, the semiconductor device including a semiconductor substrate, trenches formed in predetermined areas of the semiconductor substrate, an insualting layer formed in the trenches and beneath a surface of the substrate to have a recess, a polysilicon layer formed on the insualting layer in the trench, source and drain regions formed at both sides of the polysilicon layer beneath a surface of the semiconductor substrate, and gates formed over the semiconductor substrate.