Abstract: A solution polymerization process for producing ethylene-based polymer includes introducing ethylene monomer, hydrocarbon solvent, and Ziegler-Natta catalyst into an entrance of a solution polymerization reactor. An ethylene-based polymer is produced by solution polymerizing the ethylene monomer in hydrocarbon solvent. Subsequently, a catalyst deactivator is introduced into the exit of the solution polymerization reactor, thereby producing hydrochloric acid byproduct. The catalyst deactivator includes long chain carboxylate and at least one cation selected from Groups 1, 2, and 12 of the IUPAC periodic table, with the exception of calcium. The catalyst deactivator reduces the effectiveness of the Ziegler-Natta catalyst and neutralizes the hydrochloric acid by forming a chloride salt other than calcium chloride.

Abstract: Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs), consisting of densely packed, highly oriented polynucleotide strands attached to the surface of nanoparticles, are able to overcome the typical challenges of nucleic acid delivery. The present disclosure demonstrates that G-rich SNAs exhibit several-fold higher uptake into cells relative to SNAs rich in other nucleotides. This disclosure provides an effective strategy to maximize the intracellular delivery of SNAs, which is applicable to other nanoparticle systems, thus establishing an important design consideration for nanoparticle-based intracellular delivery of therapeutics.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to compositions comprising alkyne oligonucleotides, nanoconjugates prepared from the same, and methods of their use.