Abstract: Encoding PAM4 or PAM8 symbols to have a power spectral density (PSD) similar to the PSD of a standard 8b10b Non-Return-to-Zero stream. In one embodiment, a transmitter includes first and second 8b10b encoders that receive first and second streams split from an original byte stream. The first and second 8b10b encoders output first and second 8b10b streams, respectively. The first and second 8b10b streams are fed into a 2-bit combiner that performs a linear combination of the first and second 8b10b streams. And a 4-level Pulse Amplitude Modulation encoder (PAM4 encoder) converts the linear combination of each two bits, received from the combiner, into a PAM4 symbol. Wherein the resulting stream of PAM4 symbols has PSD similar to the PSD of the standard 8b10b non-return-to-zero stream.

Abstract: Encoding PAM4 or PAM8 symbols to have a power spectral density (PSD) similar to the PSD of a standard 8b10b Non-Return-to-Zero stream. In one embodiment, a transmitter includes first and second 8b10b encoders that receive first and second streams split from an original byte stream. The first and second 8b10b encoders output first and second 8b10b streams, respectively. The first and second 8b10b streams are fed into a 2-bit combiner that performs a linear combination of the first and second 8b10b streams. And a 4-level Pulse Amplitude Modulation encoder (PAM4 encoder) converts the linear combination of each two bits, received from the combiner, into a PAM4 symbol. Wherein the resulting stream of PAM4 symbols has PSD similar to the PSD of the standard 8b10b non-return-to-zero stream.

Abstract: Methods and systems for compression that maintains parameters related to uncompressed video (PRTUV) while changing video compression ratios on-the-fly. One embodiment of a system includes: A video transmitter that receives incoming high-definition uncompressed video (HD-UV) characterized by certain PRTUV. The video transmitter compresses the incoming HD-UV into a first compressed video of ratio between 1:1 and 5:1, and sends it over a communication link to a receiver that decompresses the video to an outgoing HD-UV. When the video transmitter receives a command to smoothly change on-the-fly the compression to a second compressed video of ratio between 2:1 and 10:1, it makes the change without interrupting the continuous flow of the incoming HD-UV. Wherein the outgoing HD-UV maintains the PRTUV before, during, and after the change from the first compressed video to the second compressed video.

Abstract: Methods and systems for smooth switching of video sources. One method includes the steps of: Inferring that first and second network paths share a common link that has insufficient bandwidth to carry both the respective first and second incoming high-definition uncompressed videos (HD-UVs) generated by first and second real-time video encoders (RT-VEs). And synchronizing a smooth switching between the first and second incoming HD-UVs by: indicating the first and second RT-VEs to increase their first and second compression ratios to ratios that enable the common link to carry both the first and second compressed videos; indicating a video switcher to perform the smooth switching between the first and second corresponding outgoing HD-UVs; indicating the first RT-VE to stop sending the first compressed video after the smooth switching; and indicating the second RT-VE to decrease the second compression ratio.

Abstract: Methods and systems for admitting new streaming sessions while preventing latency variations of existing sessions from exceeding their respective limits, including the steps of: receiving a request to establish a new streaming session over a new path, in presence of an existing streaming session that is established over an existing path. Estimating, before the new streaming session is established, an estimated end-to-end latency variation of the existing streaming session, supposing the new streaming session is established over the new path. Determining, by comparing the estimated end-to-end latency variation with the limit, a determination that the estimated end-to-end latency variation exceeds the limit. And rejecting the request, based on the determination.

Abstract: Methods and systems for indicating vulnerability of streaming sessions to additional latency variations, including the steps of: determining a threshold, based on a limit associated with an allowable end-to-end latency variation of a first session. Estimating the end-to-end latency variation of the first streaming session. Determining that the estimated end-to-end latency variation is higher than the threshold. Setting a first vulnerability indicator of the first streaming session at the first output port to a first level. Setting a second vulnerability indicator of a second existing streaming session at a second output port of a second switch to a second level, based on first level of the first vulnerability indicator. Receiving requests to establish new streaming sessions over first and second new paths passing through the first and second output ports. And rejecting the requests based on the first and second vulnerability indicators.

Abstract: Methods and systems for establishing new streaming sessions based on capabilities of their destinations, including the steps of: receiving a request to establish a new streaming session over a new path, in presence of an existing streaming session. Receiving capabilities of a destination of the new streaming session. Allocating for the new streaming session a limit for an allowable end-to-end latency variation thereof, based on the capabilities. Estimating, before the new streaming session is established, an estimated end-to-end latency variation of the new streaming session, supposing it is established over the first path. Determining, based on comparing the estimated end-to-end latency variation with the limit, that the estimated end-to-end latency variation exceeds the limit. And rejecting the request, based on the determination.

Abstract: A network that supports retransmissions with fixed and minimum delays includes at least first, second and third transceivers. The first transceiver transmits to the second transceiver packets comprising data of first and second data types. The second transceiver: stores the received data in a second buffer; transmits to the third transceiver, without waiting a fixed delay, successfully-received packets comprising data of the first data type, which is encoded with a first error resistance level; and transmits to the third transceiver, after waiting the fixed delay, successfully-received packets comprising data of the second data type, which is also encoded with the first error resistance level. When the second transceiver receives a retransmission request from the third transceiver, it retransmits a packet comprising data of either the first or second data types, encoded with a second error resistance level that is higher than the first error resistance level.

Abstract: Methods and systems for rapidly recovering from a serious interference. One method includes the following steps: transmitting, by a transmitter to a transceiver over a communication channel, ongoing data at a fixed data rate above 100. Mbps; receiving, by a receiver from the transceiver, an indication indicating that the transceiver is experiencing a serious interference; responsive to the indication, reducing data rate at which the transmitter transmits; storing excess data that cannot be sent during the period of the reduced data rate; and increasing the data rate, at which the transmitter transmits, to a level that enables it to transmit, within less than 1 millisecond from the moment of reducing the data rate, both the stored excess data and the ongoing data at the fixed data rate.

Abstract: Methods and systems for synchronizing USB 2.0 isochronous IN and OUT transfer clocks over a non-USB network. One method for synchronizing isochronous IN transfer clocks includes: receiving, by a USB host adaptor (USBH), packets from a USB host; writing in each packet an indication of the time in which the packet was received by the USBH; sending the packets from the USBH to a USB device adaptor (USBD) over the network; and synchronizing the USBD clock to the USBH clock based on a property related to the received packets.

Abstract: A network that supports retransmissions with fixed and minimum delays includes at least first, second and third transceivers. The first transceiver transmits to the second transceiver packets comprising data of first and second data types. The second transceiver: stores the received data in a second buffer; transmits to the third transceiver, without waiting a fixed delay, successfully-received packets comprising data of the first data type, which is encoded with a first error resistance level; and transmits to the third transceiver, after waiting the fixed delay, successfully-received packets comprising data of the second data type, which is also encoded with the first error resistance level. When the second transceiver receives a retransmission request from the third transceiver, it retransmits a packet comprising data of either the first or second data types, encoded with a second error resistance level that is higher than the first error resistance level.

Abstract: Method and network for connecting a first end device to a network. One method includes the following steps: supporting, by a common data link layer, both Ethernet protocol and time sensitive network protocol; utilizing the Ethernet protocol for discovering, by the first end device, at least one other end device that is connected to the network; and utilizing the time sensitive network protocol for sending time sensitive data by the first end device to the at least one other end device over the network.

Abstract: Methods and systems for fast switching between bi-directional co-shared sessions having different network paths over a resource reservation network. Embodiment of one method includes: creating a bi-directional parent session (Sp) between first and second session partners, creating a bi-directional derivative session (Sd) between the first session partner and a third session partner, and reassigning a predetermined amount of co-shared network resources (PA-CSNR) assigned to the Sp using the following steps: (i) sending a first message to request the second session partner to stop using the PA-CSNR, (ii) sending a second message to register whether the PA-CSNR are assigned to the Sd, and (iii) sending a third message to allow the third session partner to utilize at least some of the PA-CSNR for the Sd.

Abstract: System and method indicating delays added to packets due to retransmission events. The method includes the steps of receiving multiple packet streams and multiplexing them into a first multiplexed packet stream; storing in memory the first multiplexed packet stream together with time indications; receiving a retransmission request and selecting data for retransmission; multiplexing the first multiplexed packet stream and the data for retransmission into a second multiplexed packet stream; utilizing the time indications for calculating delays that were added to packets of the second multiplexed packet stream as a result of fulfilling the retransmission request; adding the calculated delays to at least some of the packets of the second multiplexed packet stream; and transmitting the second multiplexed packet stream.

Abstract: Systems and methods for fast recovery from serious interferences using limited retransmissions. In one embodiment, a system includes a transceiver coupled to a second transceiver over a communication channel. The transceiver maintains a pre-retransmission packet loss rate below 1% when there is no serious interference. A limited resources retransmission module (LRRM) stores, for a delayed transmission, a maximum amount of erred packets that are accumulated during less than 1 ms at data rate above 500 Mbps. And within less than 1 ms from receiving an indication that the serious interference has occurred, a fast-adaptive canceller mitigates the effect of the serious interference, bringing the effect to a level that enables the communication system to successfully transmit data at a rate of above 500 Mbps.

Abstract: Methods and systems for fast convergence. One embodiment includes the following steps: extracting a digital representation of a common mode signal of a received differential signal sent by a transceiver, and generating, by a fast-adaptive mode-conversion canceller (FA-MCC), a compensation signal to mitigate differential interference; feeding the received differential signal to at least one of the following: a digital equalizer, and a digital canceller (DEDC); wherein the FA-MCC and the DEDC feed a slicer; responsive to receiving an indication that a serious differential interference has occurred, indicating the transceiver to transmit known data; and utilizing the received known data for improving the accuracy of the slicer's errors, which enables rapid adaptation of the FA-MCC to a level that mitigates the serious differential interference and enables requesting retransmission of erred packets fast enough to maintain a fixed rate of data transmission over a 2-millisecond window.

Abstract: Systems and methods for recovering rapidly from a mode-conversion of a common mode interference. One exemplary transceiver includes: a slicer configured to generate slicing decisions and slicing errors based on a differential signal, transmitted at a rate above 500 Mbps, which is received from a second transceiver; and a common mode sensor analog front end (CMS-AFE) configured to sense a common mode component of the differential signal. The CMS-AFE is coupled to a fast-adaptive mode-conversion canceller (FA-MCC) configured to generate a compensation signal that compensates for differential interferences that are correlated with the common mode component. Wherein, within less than 1 millisecond from an occurrence of a differential interference that causes the packet loss to exceed 10% as a result of the mode-conversion, the transceiver is configured to utilize the slicing errors to adapt the FA-MCC to a level that reduces the packet loss rate to below 1%.

Abstract: Transceivers and methods able to recover within less than 1 millisecond from quality degradation in the transceiver's operating point, including: receiving a signal from a second transceiver, using an adaptive digital equalizer and canceller (ADEC) to generate a slicer input signal, and generating slicing decisions and slicing errors that are used to adapt the ADEC. Shortly after identifying quality degradation in the transceiver's operating point, indicating the second transceiver to transmitting known data. And within less than 1 millisecond from identifying the quality degradation, the transceiver utilizes the known data to improve the accuracy of the slicing errors, which enables fast adaptation of the ADEC that improves the quality in the transceiver's operating point to a level that enables the transceiver to indicate the second transceiver to transmit data.

Abstract: Methods and systems for a resource reservation network that supports bi-directional co-shared sessions. A session creation module (SCM) creates a bi-directional parent session (Sp), between first and second session partners, by: allocating co-shared network resources over a first network hop, and allocating network resources over a second network hop. The SCM further creates a bi-directional derivative session (Sd) between the first session partner and a third session partner, by: allocating network resources to the Sd over a third network hop, and not allocating specifically for the Sd all the network resources required for the Sd over the first network hop.

Abstract: Methods and systems for rapidly recovering from a serious interference. One method includes the following steps: transmitting, by a transmitter to a transceiver over a communication channel, ongoing data at a fixed data rate above 100 Mbps; receiving, by a receiver from the transceiver, an indication indicating that the transceiver is experiencing a serious interference; responsive to the indication, reducing data rate at which the transmitter transmits; storing excess data that cannot be sent during the period of the reduced data rate; and increasing the data rate, at which the transmitter transmits, to a level that enables it to transmit, within less than 1 millisecond from the moment of reducing the data rate, both the stored excess data and the ongoing data at the fixed data rate.