Abstract: A conductor arrangement is provided for reducing very fast transients in high voltage applications. The conductor arrangement includes a conductor element having a main conducting orientation, and a conductive annular shell element coaxial to the conductor element, thus forming an annular cavity around the conductor element. The annular shell element in the main conducting orientation includes a first end portion and a second end portion. The first end portion is conductively connected to the conductor element. The second end portion includes an annular collar which is substantially coaxial to the conductor element, thus together with the conductor element forming a coaxial capacitor which has a solid material filling. The capacitor includes a surge arrester which may serve as an energy conversion portion.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments are directed to a power electronic device with an electronic device including a substrate, a metal layer formed on the substrate and a field grading means located along an edge of the metal layer. The field grading means has a non-linear electrical resistivity.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments are directed to a device with overvoltage protection that includes a varistor which can be connected by a first connection via a first line to high-voltage potential in a circuit arrangement, while a second connection is connected to ground via a second line. Furthermore, an additional impedance is provided, which can be connected between the second connection and ground or the first connection and the high voltage, or is mounted fixed in this position. The corresponding line can be interrupted by a switching arrangement. In order to test the withstand voltage of the circuit arrangement, at least one of the first and second line is interrupted and an additional impedance is inserted. A test voltage is applied to the circuit arrangement. After the overvoltage test, the interruption in at least one of the first and second lines is removed again.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a varistor material for a surge arrester with target switching field strength ranging from 250 to 400 V/mm comprising ZnO forming a ZnO phase and Bi expressed as Bi2O3 forming an intergranular bismuth oxide phase, said varistor material further comprising a spinel phase, characterized in that the amount of a pyrochlore phase comprised in the varistor material is such, that the ratio of the pyrochlore phase to the spinel phase is less than 0.15:1.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an overvoltage protection means containing ZnO microvaristor particles for protecting electrical elements and a method to produce the means. Single microvaristor particles are placed in an arrangement having a monolayer thickness and are electrically coupled to the electrical element to protect it against overvoltages. Embodiments, among other things, relate to: 1-dimensional or 2-dimensional arrangements of microvaristor particles; placement of single microvaristors on a carrier; the carrier being planar or string-like, being structured, being a sticky tape, having fixation means for fixing the microvaristors, or having electrical coupling means. The monolayered overvoltage protection means allows very tight integration and high flexibility in shaping and adapting it to the electric or electronic element. Furthermore, reduced capacitance and hence reaction times of overvoltage protection are achieved.

Abstract: Surface modified electrical insulation system including a hardened or cured synthetic polymer composition including at least one filler, wherein the surface of said synthetic polymer composition is modified by being coated with a thin coating. The thin coating is applied by a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) with a thickness within the range of about 50 nanometer to about 50 ?m; and/or a by a sol-gel technique with a thickness within the range of about 0.5 micron to about 1 mm. The thin coat is an electrically non-conductive polymeric material having a melting point which is distinctly higher than the melting point or degradation temperature of the synthetic filler containing polymer composition.

Abstract: Polymer concrete electrical insulation including a hardened epoxy resin composition filled with an electrically non-conductive inorganic filler compositions. The polymer concrete electrical insulation system optionally may contain additives. The epoxy resin composition is based on a cycloaliphatic epoxy resin. The inorganic filler composition can be present within the range of about 76% by weight to about 86% by weight, calculated to the total weight of the polymer concrete electrical insulation system. The inorganic filler composition includes a uniform mixture of (i) an inorganic filler with an average grain size within the range of 1 micron (?m) to 100 micron (?m) [component c(i)], and (ii) an inorganic filler with an average grain size within the range of 0.1 mm (100 micron) to 2 mm [component c(ii)].

Abstract: The invention relates to a nonlinear electrical material with improved microvaristor filler (1?), to devices and electrical apparatuses comprising such nonlinear electrical material and to a production method thereof. According to invention, the filler (1?) comprises larger spherical particles (5) and smaller irregular particles (6) that are arranged interstitially and provide non-point-like and/or multiple contact areas (56, 56a, 56b, 66) owing to their irregular outer shape comprising edges and faces. Embodiments, among other things, relate to: spherical particles (5) being calcinated and broken-up to retain their original shape; irregular, spikly shaped, particles (6) obtained by calcinating or sintering and crushing or fracturing granules or blocks; and addition of a third filler fraction.

Abstract: The polymer compound contains a polymer matrix and a filler embedded in the matrix. The filler comprises two filler components with nonlinear current-voltage characteristics deviating from one another. By selection of suitable amounts of these filler components, a polymer compound with a predetermined nonlinear current-voltage characteristic deviating from these two characteristics can be formed in this way.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an overvoltage protection means containing ZnO microvaristor particles for protecting electrical elements and a method to produce the means. Single microvaristor particles are placed in an arrangement having a monolayer thickness and are electrically coupled to the electrical element to protect it against overvoltages. Embodiments, among other things, relate to: 1-dimensional or 2-dimensional arrangements of microvaristor particles; placement of single microvaristors on a carrier; the carrier being planar or string-like, being structured, being a sticky tape, having fixation means for fixing the microvaristors, or having electrical coupling means. The monolayered overvoltage protection means allows very tight integration and high flexibility in shaping and adapting it to the electric or electronic element. Furthermore, reduced capacitance and hence reaction times of overvoltage protection are achieved.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a tape with nonlinear field control properties containing ZnO microvaristor particles. The doped ZnO particles are produced by crushing a sintered ZnO block, by desagglomeration or crushing of calcinated granulated particles, or by crushing of a calcined or sintered tape (tape casting). Embodiments, among other things, relate to: hollow ZnO microvaristor particles produced by granulation technique, having reduced average density and having diameters in a range well below 90 ?m; and compounding the Zno filler in binders that are used to impregnate tapes. Compared to nonlinear field control tapes with conventional embedded nonlinear filler particles, a stronger and more reliable nonlinear resistivity is achieved and the ZnO filler is simpler to produce and to compound in the binder. The resulting tapes are flexible, preferably self-adhesive and have a strong nonlinear electrical resistivity. The tapes are useful to protect high field-stress regions in electrical components.

Abstract: The polymer compound contains a polymer matrix and a filler embedded in the matrix. The filler comprises two filler components with nonlinear current-voltage characteristics deviating from one another. By selection of suitable amounts of these filler components, a polymer compound with a predetermined nonlinear current-voltage characteristic deviating from these two characteristics can be formed in this way.

Abstract: The polymer compound contains a polymer matrix and a filler embedded in the matrix. The filler comprises two filler components with nonlinear current-voltage characteristics deviating from one another. By selection of suitable amounts of these filler components, a polymer compound with a predetermined nonlinear current-voltage characteristic deviating from these two characteristics can be formed in this way.

Abstract: The manufacturing method for an electroceramic component (1), for example a varistor (1), comprises a laser irradiation of a part (5; 6) of the surface of an electroceramic body (2) before a metallization (3; 4) is applied to the part (5; 6) of the surface. By means of the laser irradiation it is possible to produce a micro-roughness and/or a chemical modification of the surface which permits good adhesion of the metallization, and it is possible to reduce or eliminate areas of unevenness or waviness of that part (5; 6) of the surface of the electroceramic body (2) which is to be metallized. In addition, improved transverse conductivity can be produced, by virtue of which a low contact resistance and a very homogeneous current distribution is achieved, in particular near to the metallization (3; 4). In addition it is possible to remove residues which originate in particular from a sinter support or from the application of a passivation layer.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a dielectric bushing (1?), in particular a high-voltage bushing (1?) for an electrical high-voltage apparatus. To realize the field control in the field-stressed zone (7; 7a, 7b), at least one screening electrode (6; 6a, 6b) arranged in the interior (20) of the insulator part (2; 2a, 2b; 2c) is eliminated and replaced with a non-linear electric and/or dielectric field control element (9; 9a, 9b; 9i, 9o; 9s) on the insulator part (2; 2a, 2b; 2c) in the region of the first installation flange (4; 8).

Abstract: The surrounding body (1) serves to surround the end, a branching or a connecting point of a high-voltage cable. It has an element (3) with a nonlinear current-voltage characteristic line, which serves to control the electric field in the surrounding area. The field control element (3) contains a polymer and a filler embedded in the polymer und containing microvaristors, as well as at least a hollow body section extending along an axis (2) and designed flat, with an axially symmetrical inner surface conductive by deforming the surrounding body (1) to an outer surface of the cable. To ensure good field control in cables, which are operated at high voltages, the inner surface of the hollow body section is designed as a variation of the outer surface of the cable and in such a way that the field control in the surrounding area is achieved by altering the number of microvaristors per surface unit as a result of expansion and/or shrinking of the hollow body section after deforming.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nonlinear electrical material with improved microvaristor filler (1?), to devices and electrical apparatuses comprising such nonlinear electrical material and to a production method thereof. According to invention, the filler (1?) comprises larger spherical particles (5) and smaller irregular particles (6) that are arranged interstitially and provide non-point-like and/or multiple contact areas (56, 56a, 56b, 66) owing to their irregular outer shape comprising edges and faces. Embodiments, among other things, relate to: spherical particles (5) being calcinated and broken-up to retain their original shape; irregular, spikly shaped, particles (6) obtained by calcinating or sintering and crushing or fracturing granules or blocks; and addition of a third filler fraction.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a dielectric bushing (1?), in particular a high-voltage bushing (1?) for an electrical high-voltage apparatus. According to the invention, in order to realize the field control in the field-stressed zone (7; 7a, 7b), at least one screening electrode (6; 6a, 6b) arranged in the interior (20) of the insulator part (2; 2a, 2b; 2c) is eliminated and replaced with a non-linear electric and/or dielectric field control element (9; 9a, 9b; 9i, 9o; 9s) on the insulator part (2; 2a, 2b; 2c) in the region of the first installation flange (4; 8). Among other things, embodiments refer to: design criteria for the geometric arrangement and for the specific materials of the field control element (9; 9a, 9b; 9i, 9o; 9s), in particular various axial and radial arrangements of field control elements (9; 9a, 9b; 9i, 9o; 9s), as well as the realization of the field control element (9; 9a, 9b; 9i, 9o; 9s) in the form of a coating or of a massive element that absorbs mechanical forces.

Abstract: The surrounding body (1) serves to surround the end, a branching or a connecting point of a high-voltage cable. It has an element (3) with a nonlinear current-voltage characteristic line, which serves to control the electric field in the surrounding area. The field control element (3) contains a polymer and a filler embedded in the polymer und containing microvaristors, as well as at least a hollow body section extending along an axis (2) and designed flat, with an axially symmetrical inner surface conductive by deforming the surrounding body (1) to an outer surface of the cable. To ensure good field control in cables, which are operated at high voltages, the inner surface of the hollow body section is designed as a variation of the outer surface of the cable and in such a way that the field control in the surrounding area is achieved by altering the number of microvaristors per surface unit as a result of expansion and/or shrinking of the hollow body section after deforming.

Abstract: The manufacturing method for an electroceramic component (1), for example a varistor (1), comprises a laser irradiation of a part (5; 6) of the surface of an electroceramic body (2) before a metallization (3; 4) is applied to the part (5; 6) of the surface. By means of the laser irradiation it is possible to produce a micro-roughness and/or a chemical modification of the surface which permits good adhesion of the metallization, and it is possible to reduce or eliminate areas of unevenness or waviness of that part (5; 6) of the surface of the electroceramic body (2) which is to be metallized. In addition, improved transverse conductivity can be produced, by virtue of which a low contact resistance and a very homogeneous current distribution is achieved, in particular near to the metallization (3; 4). In addition it is possible to remove residues which originate in particular from a sinter support or from the application of a passivation layer.