Abstract: The bushing has an electrical conductor (1) to which high voltage can be applied. One section of the electrical conductor (1) is surrounded by a varistor arrangement (9). The bushing also contains two electrical connections (4, 6), one (6) of which can be connected to high voltage and the other (4) can be connected to ground, a bushing insulator (5) provided between the electrical conductor (1) and the varistor arrangement (9), and a clamping apparatus (11) which applies a contact force to the electrical connections (4, 6) and to the varistor arrangement (9) located in between them like a sandwich. The clamping apparatus has an insulating part which applies the contact force to the two electrical connections. The bushing insulator is in the form of a molding and has a supporting element, provided with a guide surface, for a contact (1a) (which is connected to the electrical conductor (1)) in a plug connection to a cable or to an apparatus bushing of an electrical apparatus.

Abstract: A fuse has a fuse element (6), composed of silver, with constrictions (7) which follow one another at regular intervals, and which fuse element makes contact with a combustible element (8), preferably over its entire length. The combustible element (8) is composed of a combustion compound, which is essentially of a fuel such as guanidine or a guanidine derivative and a metal such as Mg or Al and an oxidant such as KNO3, NaNO3, NH4NO3, KClO4, NaClO4, KMnO4, the proportion of which is overstoichiometric by a factor of at least 1.1, and preferably of at least 10. The combustible compound also preferably contains a binding agent such as paraffin, a thermoplastic or an elastomer, so that it can be extruded. It has an ignition temperature of between 160° C. and 260° C. and emits more than 200 J/g of heat, so that it ignites even in the event of small overcurrents and melts the entire length of the fuse element (6).

Abstract: The polymer compound contains a polymer matrix and a filler embedded in the matrix. The filler comprises two filler components with nonlinear current-voltage characteristics deviating from one another. By selection of suitable amounts of these filler components, a polymer compound with a predetermined nonlinear current-voltage characteristic deviating from these two characteristics can be formed in this way.

Abstract: The nonlinear resistor has varistor behaviour and has a matrix and a filler in powder form which is embedded in the matrix. The filler contains sintered varistor granules with predominantly spherical particles of doped metal oxide. These particles are made up of crystalline grains separated from one another by grain boundaries. The filler also contains electrically conductive particles, which cover at most a part of the surfaces of the spherical particles, and/or the varistor granules contain two fractions of particles with different sizes, of which the particles in the first fraction have larger diameters than the particles in the second fraction and are arranged essentially in the form of close sphere packing and the particles in the second fraction fill the interstices formed by the sphere packing.

Abstract: A protective element for protecting in particular an electric motor against overload currents includes in a polymer matrix, preferably ETFE, for example 40% (by volume) of a first powdered filler of a conductive material, preferably TiB2, so that, as in the case of a PTC element, the resistance increases abruptly at a switching temperature corresponding to the melting temperature of the polymer. Also added are 20% (by volume) of a second powdered filler, a phase transition material which, at a critical temperature below the switching temperature, undergoes a phase transition in which it absorbs heat of transformation. As a result, the response time (T) of the protective element is notably extended in a range of the overload current factor (F) corresponding to higher permissible motor starting currents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for terminating cables (1), particularly for underwater termination of high voltage power cable and for conducting high voltage conductors in an electrical underwater apparatus, with the purpose of providing a liquid and water tight termination, at the same time as it provides pressure relief for vital components.

Abstract: The method is used to produce a varistor which has a cylindrical resistance body (1) made from a material based on metal oxide, and two electrodes (2, 3) which are each arranged on one of two mutually parallel end faces of the cylindrical resistance body (1). In a first method step, a layer of electrode material is applied to both end faces, as far as their outer boundary (9), which is designed as a sharp edge. In a second method step, a circular ring (4), which is delimited by the outer boundary (9), runs to as far as the end face of the resistance body (1) and has a width of from approx. 10 to 500 &mgr;m, is removed from the electrode, or the resistance body (1) and electrode are beveled (5′) at the outer boundary. The method allows simple and economic manufacture of a varistor.

Abstract: A fuse has a fuse element (6), for example composed of silver, with constrictions (7) which follow one another at regular intervals, and which fuse element makes contact with a combustible element (8), preferably over its entire length. Said combustible element (8) is composed of a combustion compound, which consists essentially of a fuel such as guanidine or a guanidine derivative and a metal such as Mg or Al and an oxidant such as KNO3, NaNO3, NH4NO3, KClO4, NaClO4, KMnO4, the proportion of which is overstoichiometric by a factor of at least 1.1, and preferably of at least 10. The combustible compound also preferably contains a binding agent such as paraffin, a thermoplastic or an elastomer, so that it can be extruded. It has an ignition temperature of between 160° C. and 260° C. and emits more than 200 J/g of heat, so that it ignites even in the event of small overcurrents and melts the entire length of the fuse element (6).

Abstract: The method is used to produce a varistor which has a cylindrical resistance body (1) made from a material based on metal oxide, and two electrodes (2, 3) which are each arranged on one of two mutually parallel end faces of the cylindrical resistance body (1). In a first method step, a layer of electrode material is applied to both end faces, as far as their outer boundary (9), which is designed as a sharp edge. In a -second method step, a circular ring (4), which is delimited by the outer boundary (9), runs to as far as the end face of the resistance body (1) and has a width of from approx. 10 to 500 &mgr;m, is removed from the electrode, or the resistance body (1) and electrode are beveled (5′) at the outer boundary. The method allows simple and economic manufacture of a varistor.

Abstract: The resistor body of a nonlinear resistor element having PTC characteristics includes a pulverulent first filler, whose material, e.g. TiB.sub.2, TiC, VC, WC, ZrBr.sub.2, MoSi.sub.2, has a specific conductivity of at most 10.sup.-3 .OMEGA.cm and in which the particle sizes are between 10 and 40.mu., and also, in order to improve the voltage sustaining capability by extending the switching zone and to achieve uniform energy absorption, includes a likewise pulverulent second filler having varistor characteristics and particle sizes between 50 and 200.mu., whose specific resistance at field strengths .gtoreq.2000 V/cm such as occur in the switching region of the resistor element and above, is at most 50 .OMEGA.cm, preferably at most 15 .OMEGA.cm, the fillers being embedded in a matrix made of a thermoplastic, in particular HD polyethylene or a thermoset. The average particle size of the second filler should exceed that of the first filler by a factor of from 2 to 5.

Abstract: The current-limiting resistor has two connection electrodes (1, 2) which are arranged parallel to one another as well as a resistance body (3) which has PTC behavior and with which large-area contact is made by the connection electrodes (1, 2). A varistor (40) is in electrically conductive contact with the resistance body (3). The resistance body (3) contains two contact areas (50, 51) as well as a response point (60) which is connected in parallel with the varistor (40) via the two contact areas (50, 51) and implements a PTC transition above a threshold value of a current flowing through the resistor.Since the resistance body effects the electrical contact with the varistor (40) in the case of this resistor, no metal connection electrodes are required for the varistor. At the same time, due to the outward displacement of the response point (60) away from the varistor (40), the operational reliability of the resistor is considerably improved.

Abstract: A varistor and a PTC resistor formed from a composite material containing a polymer matrix and a filler. The varistor experiences two nonlinear changes caused by the current due to applied voltage, the varistor comprising a composite material comprising a filler and a polymer matrix, the filler consisting of particles of grained microstructure. The PTC resistor experiences a first nonlinear dependency of resistivity at a first PTC temperature resulting from an interaction of the filler and the polymer matrix and a second nonlinear dependency of resistivity at a second, lower PTC temperature resulting from the filler.

Abstract: A mixed metal oxide powder of nominal composition M.sub.x M'.sub.x ' . . . , O.sub.z, wherein M, M', . . . are metal elements and each of x, x', . . . z is greater than zero, is produced by forming an aqueous solution comprising metal salts such that the solution contains at least some of the metal elements of the mixed metal oxide in a desired ratio and comprises at least one oxidizing agent such as a nitrate of one of the metals, and at least one reducing agent such as an organic acid. The oxidizing and the reducing agent as well as the ratio of the former to the latter are chosen such that the thus-formed tuned solution undergoes an exothermic reaction occurs at a desired rate and at a desired small temperature range. Aerosol-droplets of essentially equal dimensions are generated from the tuned solution and are sprayed into a heated gas jet.

Abstract: The electrical resistance element (10) includes a resistance body (3), which is arranged between two plane-parallel, pressurized electrodes (1, 2), has PTC behavior and comprises a polymer matrix and two filler components of electrically conducting particles embedded into the polymer matrix (4).When a short-circuit current occurs, the resistivity of the resistance body (3) changes abruptly above a temperature limit value in a surface layer resting on the electrodes and containing at least a first of the two filler components. A second of the two filler components is selected such that a composite material containing at least the polymer matrix and the second filler component has PTC behavior, with an abruptly changing behavior greater by at least one order of magnitude in comparison with the surface layer. At the same time, this composite material has a resistivity which is lower by at least one order of magnitude than a composite material formed by the polymer matrix and the first filler component.

Abstract: An electrical resistance element having a resistance body between two contact terminals. The resistance body has PTC behavior and is composed of a polymer matrix and a filler component embedded in the polymer matrix. The filler component is composed of electrically conducting particles. Although the element is of simple and inexpensive construction, the resistance element is notable for good electrical conductivity in the low-resistance state and for a low response time for the PTC transition from the low-resistance to the high-resistance state. This is achieved as a result of the fact that at least some of the electrically conducting particles are formed as composite bodies having electrically conducting surfaces and/or as hollow or porous bodies composed of electrically conducting material. These particles have a lower specific density and/or lower specific heat capacity than solidly formed particles composed of conductive material.

Abstract: A current-limiting component having an electrical resistance body arranged between two contact terminals. The resistance body contains a first resistance material having PTC behavior. Below a limit temperature, the first resistance material has a low cold resistivity and at least one current-carrying path extending between the two contact terminals. Above the limit temperature, the first resistance material has a high hot resistivity compared with its cold resistivity. The current-limiting component has uniform switching capability and high rated current-carrying capacity despite simple and inexpensive construction. The resistance body additionally contains second resistance material having a resistivity which is between the cold resistivity and the hot resistivity of the first resistance material. The second resistance material is in intimate electrical contact with the first resistance material and forms at least one resistance path connected in parallel with the current-carrying path.

Abstract: An electric resistor has a resistor body arranged between two contract terminals. This resistor core includes an element with PTC behavior which, below a material-specific temperature, forms an electrically conducting path running between the two contact terminals. The resistor can be simple and inexpensive, but still have a high rate current-carrying capacity protected against local and overall overvoltages. This is achieved by the resistor core additionally containing a material having varistor behavior. The varistor material is connected in parallel with at least one subsection of the electrically conducting path, forming at least one varistor, and is brought into intimate electrical contact with the part of the PTC material forming the at least one subsection. The parallel connection of the element with PTC behavior and the varistor can be realized both by a microscopic construction and by a macroscopic arrangement.

Abstract: Process for the production of a polycrystalline, crystal-oriented layer of a high temperature superconductor of the class (Y,RE) Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub..apprxeq.7 on a substrate or between two substrates of Ag or an Ag alloy containing up to 20% by weight Au, Pd or Pt, wherein a first powder layer, of at most 5 .mu.m thickness and consisting of the simple oxides and/or mixed oxides of the elements Y, Ba, Cu in the ratio Y:Ba:Cu:O=1:2:3:6.5, is first applied, and on it is applied a second powder layer of the superconducting substance (Y,RE) Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub..apprxeq.7 in a thickness of 5-10 .mu.m, and the whole is sintered in an O.sub.2 -containing atmosphere.