Abstract: An apparatus and method are described. The apparatus includes a transceiver and processor, which attach transport block (TB) level CRC bits to a TB, select an LDPC base graph (BG) based on a code rate (CR) and TB size of the TB including TB level CRC bits, determine a number of code blocks (CBs) to use for segmenting the TB including TB level CRC bits depending on the selected LDPC BG, determine a single CB size for each of the CBs based on the number of CBs, segment the TB including TB level CRC bits into the CBs based on the number of CBs and CB size, pad zeros to a last CB of the CBs in the segmented TB, attach CB level CRC bits to each CB in the segmented TB, encode each CB in the segmented TB using the selected LDPC base graph, and transmit the encoded CBs.

Abstract: A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may receive a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) transmission and perform early termination on the PDCCH transmission. Transmissions that are not intended for the WTRU may be terminated. The WTRU may perform a first decode of the PDCCH transmission based on a first scrambling sequence. The first scrambling sequence may be generated using a Gold sequence, which may be initialized based on a WTRU identifier. If the first decode is not successful, the WTRU may determine that the PDCCH transmission is not intended for the WTRU. The WTRU may perform an assistance bit added (ABA) polar decode of the PDCCH transmission based on a second scrambling sequence (e.g., a cell radio network temporary ID (C-RNTI)). The WTRU may perform a CRC on the output of the ABA polar decode to obtain downlink control information (DCI).

Abstract: ePDCCH may be provided. For example, a WTRU may receive a configuration for monitoring an ePDCCH resource. Based on the configuration, the WTRU may be configured to monitor and may monitor the ePDCCH resource on a particular subframe. Additionally, a WTRU may derive an aggregation level for a subframe associated with an aggregation level number NAL. The WTRU may transmit or monitor an ePDCCH using the aggregation level associated with the NAL for the subframe. A WTRU may also receive a reference signal. The WTRU may then determine the type of reference signal received. The WTRU may perform a demodulation of the PDSCH or ePDCCH using a demodulation timing based on the determined type. The ePDCCH or PDSCH may also be monitored or received by identifying a demodulation reference timing implicitly based on a location of one or more ePDCCH resources where the WTRU may receive DCI.

Abstract: Method, apparatuses, and systems for multi-user (MU) transmission is provided, including scheduling, by an access point (AP), an uplink (UL) MU transmission for a group of wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) in which there is an indication that at least one resource unit (RU) of a plurality of RUs is silenced. The silencing may be based on coordinating with one or more overlapping APs or by analyzing condition of channels associated with an AP.

Abstract: Systems and methods described herein are provided for radiation pattern and modulation (RPM) based on channel-state information (CSI). The method may comprise receiving a set of bits; dividing the set of bits into at least three groups, wherein at least one group is size limited by a diversity order and selection factor applied by a CSI controller; mapping the groups to distinct control signals; generating a modulated RF signal and selecting at least one configurable antenna and a configuration of said at least one antenna based on the control signals; and transmitting the modulated RF signal through the at least one configured antenna.

Abstract: Systems, methods and instrumentalities are disclosed for uplink beam management. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may send a beam correspondence indication to a network device. The beam correspondence indication may indicate a beam correspondence associated with one or more receive beams and one or more transmit beams of the WTRU. The WTRU may determine an uplink time synchronization status associated with the WTRU. The uplink time synchronization status may indicate whether the WTRU is uplink time synchronized. The WTRU may receive, from the network device, a reference signal type in accordance with the determined uplink time synchronization status. The WTRU may receive, from the network device, a beam management indication in response to the beam correspondence indication. The WTRU may perform an uplink beam management based on the received beam management indication.

Abstract: ePDCCH may be provided. For example, a WTRU may receive a configuration for monitoring an ePDCCH resource. Based on the configuration, the WTRU may be configured to monitor and may monitor the ePDCCH resource on a particular subframe. Additionally, a WTRU may derive an aggregation level for a subframe associated with an aggregation level number NAL. The WTRU may transmit or monitor an ePDCCH using the aggregation level associated with the NAL for the subframe. A WTRU may also receive a reference signal. The WTRU may then determine the type of reference signal received. The WTRU may perform a demodulation of the PDSCH or ePDCCH using a demodulation timing based on the determined type. The ePDCCH or PDSCH may also be monitored or received by identifying a demodulation reference timing implicitly based on a location of one or more ePDCCH resources where the WTRU may receive DCI.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may utilize pre-configured rules for scaling power levels. Channels may be grouped based on a type of data to be transmitted. A power level of a channel from a group may be scaled using the pre-configured rules. A power level of a channel of a supplementary carrier may be scaled before another channel of a non-supplementary carrier.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for physical random access channel (PRACH) access. A WTRU transmits a message to a gNB. The message includes a PRACH preamble from a first set. The method also includes performing a hidden node detection procedure prior to a random access response (RAR) window. The RAR window corresponds to the transmitted message. The method also includes attempting to receive a RAR in response to the transmitted message, during the RAR window. The method also includes retransmitting the message to the gNB, including a PRACH preamble from a second set, if the RAR is not received during the RAR window and a hidden node is detected; and retransmitting the message to the gNB, including a PRACH preamble from the first set, if the RAR is not received during the RAR window and the hidden node is not detected.

Abstract: Reference signals configured for use with extension carriers and/or carrier segments are described. Reference signals for extension carriers and/or carrier segments may include demodulation reference signals (e.g., user equipment-specific reference signals), cell-specific reference signals, and channel-state information reference signals. Methods, systems and apparatuses for configuring extension carriers and/or carrier segments with one or more of the reference signals (e.g., positioning one or more reference signal symbols in extension carriers and/or carrier segments) are described.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein that may be associated with SS block (SSB) timing acquisition (e.g., for new radio unlicensed (NR-U) operations). A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may detect/decode an SSB. The WTRU decoding the SSB may include the WTRU decoding a PBCH payload. The PBCH payload may be scrambled with a first scrambling code, channel coded, and scrambled with a second scrambling code. The WTRU may acquire information associated with the SSB that includes one or more of: a transmission occasion time index, a block time index, or a time offset. The WTRU may use one or more of the acquired parameters to determine a timing associated with the SSB.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for interleaving coded bits. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may generate a plurality of polar encoded bits using polar encoding. The WTRU may divide the plurality of polar encoded bits into sub-blocks of equal size in a sequential manner. The WTRU may apply sub-block wise interleaving to the sub-blocks using an interleaver pattern. The sub-blocks associated with a subset of the sub-blocks may be interleaved, and sub-blocks associated with another subset of the sub-blocks may not be interleaved. The sub-block wise interleaving may include applying interleaving across the sub-blocks without interleaving bits associated with each of the sub-blocks. The WTRU may concatenate bits from each of the interleaved sub-blocks to generate interleaved bits, and store the interleaved bits associated with the interleaved sub-blocks in a circular buffer. The WTRU may select a plurality of bits for transmission from the interleaved bits.

Abstract: In an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) system, an access WTRU may receive a random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) configuration comprising one or more RO resources from a first integrated access backhaul (IAB) node. The access WTRU may receive an indication that one or more of the configured RO resources have an overlap with one or more IAB node RO resources. The access WTRU may monitor and receive the ROI indicating the configured RO resources that overlap with the one or more IAB node RO resources. Based on the received ROI and the configured RO resources, the access WTRU may determine one or more RO resources available for PRACH transmission. The access WTRU may select an RO resource from the available RO resources for PRACH transmission. The access WTRU may send a first PRACH transmission to the first IAB node using the selected RO resource.

Abstract: Methods and an apparatus for performing synchronization in New Radio (NR) systems are disclosed. A frequency band may be determined and may correspond to a WTRU. On a condition that the operational frequency band is a lower frequency, a synchronization signal block (SSB) index may be implicitly. On a condition that the operational frequency band is a higher frequency, an SSB index may be determined based on a hybrid method which includes determining the SSB index using both an implicit and an explicit method. A configuration of actually transmitted SSBs may be determined using a multi-level two stage compressed indication where SSB groups are determined based on a coarse indicator and actually transmitted SSBs with the SSB groups are determined based on a fine indicator.

Abstract: A WTRU may include a memory and a processor. The processor may be configured to receive beam grouping information from a gNB or transmission and reception point (TRP). The beam grouping information may indicate a group of beams that the WTRU may report using group-based reporting. The group-based reporting may be a reduced level of reporting compared to a beam-based reporting. The group-based report may include measurement information for a representative beam. The representative beam may be one of the beams in the group or represents an average of the beams in the group. Alternatively, the representative beam may be a beam that has a maximum measurement value compared to other beams in the group. The group-based report may include a reference signal received power (RSRP) for the representative beam and a differential RSRP for each additional beam in the beam group.

Abstract: Random access may be provided for integrated access and backhaul (IAB) for New Radio (NR). A wireless transmit/receive unit may send (e.g., to a gNB) a preamble in a random access occasion (RO). One or more of the preamble or an RO resource partition of the RO may indicate a node type of the WTRU. The WTRU may receive (e.g., from the gNB) a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) that indicates (e.g., includes) one or more random access responses (RARs). The WTRU may determine that the PDCCH indicates a WTRU RAR and an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node RAR. If the sent node type is a WTRU node type, the WTRU may receive (e.g., from the gNB) the WTRU RAR at a first time and frequency location indicated by the PDCCH.

Abstract: Systems, methods and instrumentalities are disclosed for WTRU-initiated beam recovery including beam switching and/or beam sweeping. A WTRU may be configured to detect a beam failure condition, identify a candidate beam for resolving the beam failure condition, and send a beam failure recovery request to a network entity. The WTRU may include the candidate beam in the beam failure recovery request and may receive a response from the network entity regarding the request and/or a solution for the beam failure condition. WTRU-initiated beam recovery may be used to resolve radio link failures and improve system performance by avoiding the necessity to perform an acquisition procedure. Additionally, beam sweeping may be performed at a sub-time unit level to provide a fast sweeping mechanism.

Abstract: Method, apparatuses, and systems for multi-user (MU) transmission is provided, including scheduling, by an access point (AP), an uplink (UL) MU transmission for a group of wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) in which there is an indication that at least one resource unit (RU) of a plurality of RUs is silenced. The silencing may be based on coordinating with one or more overlapping APs or by analyzing conditions of channels associated with an AP.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses for use in wireless communication are disclosed. A method of communication on an unlicensed band may include detecting a Synchronization Signal/Physical Broadcast Channel (SS/PBCH) block comprising a demodulation references signal (DMRS), a synchronization signal (SS), and a PBCH payload. A SS/PBCH block index may be obtained from one of the DMRS and the PBCH payload. A cyclic rotation indicator may be obtained from the SS/PBCH block (e.g., from the DMRS, the SS, and/or the PBCH payload). A determination may be made that the cyclic rotation indicator indicates an on state and a time gap may be obtained from one of the DMRS and the PBCH payload, based on the determination. Frame timing may be determined based on the cyclic rotation indicator, the SS/PBCH block index, and the time gap.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed herein associated with physical random access, e.g., for new radio (NR) implementations such as NR-unlicensed (NR-U). A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may switch a position of a PRACH occasion (RO) with another RO to reduce latency (e.g., so that a WTRU can transmit a preamble without performing a LBT operation). Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for reserving a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure gap at the beginning of a random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) in New Radio (NR) unlicensed (NR-U) systems. The present systems, methods, and instrumentalities may (e.g., may also) be applied to consecutive ROs. This may include reserving a LBT gap for example, for a RO transmission (e.g., for each of the consecutive ROs). Low latency RACH for NR-U systems may be supported (e.g., mapping rules for the RO may be implemented).