Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein that may be associated with SS block (SSB) timing acquisition (e.g., for new radio unlicensed (NR-U) operations). A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may detect/decode an SSB. The WTRU decoding the SSB may include the WTRU decoding a PBCH payload. The PBCH payload may be scrambled with a first scrambling code, channel coded, and scrambled with a second scrambling code. The WTRU may acquire information associated with the SSB that includes one or more of: a transmission occasion time index, a block time index, or a time offset. The WTRU may use one or more of the acquired parameters to determine a timing associated with the SSB.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for interleaving coded bits. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may generate a plurality of polar encoded bits using polar encoding. The WTRU may divide the plurality of polar encoded bits into sub-blocks of equal size in a sequential manner. The WTRU may apply sub-block wise interleaving to the sub-blocks using an interleaver pattern. The sub-blocks associated with a subset of the sub-blocks may be interleaved, and sub-blocks associated with another subset of the sub-blocks may not be interleaved. The sub-block wise interleaving may include applying interleaving across the sub-blocks without interleaving bits associated with each of the sub-blocks. The WTRU may concatenate bits from each of the interleaved sub-blocks to generate interleaved bits, and store the interleaved bits associated with the interleaved sub-blocks in a circular buffer. The WTRU may select a plurality of bits for transmission from the interleaved bits.

Abstract: Methods and an apparatus for performing synchronization in New Radio (NR) systems are disclosed. A frequency band may be determined and may correspond to a WTRU. On a condition that the operational frequency band is a lower frequency, a synchronization signal block (SSB) index may be implicitly. On a condition that the operational frequency band is a higher frequency, an SSB index may be determined based on a hybrid method which includes determining the SSB index using both an implicit and an explicit method. A configuration of actually transmitted SSBs may be determined using a multi-level two stage compressed indication where SSB groups are determined based on a coarse indicator and actually transmitted SSBs with the SSB groups are determined based on a fine indicator.

Abstract: Random access may be provided for integrated access and backhaul (IAB) for New Radio (NR). A wireless transmit/receive unit may send (e.g., to a gNB) a preamble in a random access occasion (RO). One or more of the preamble or an RO resource partition of the RO may indicate a node type of the WTRU. The WTRU may receive (e.g., from the gNB) a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) that indicates (e.g., includes) one or more random access responses (RARs). The WTRU may determine that the PDCCH indicates a WTRU RAR and an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node RAR. If the sent node type is a WTRU node type, the WTRU may receive (e.g., from the gNB) the WTRU RAR at a first time and frequency location indicated by the PDCCH.

Abstract: A WTRU may include a memory and a processor. The processor may be configured to receive beam grouping information from a gNB or transmission and reception point (TRP). The beam grouping information may indicate a group of beams that the WTRU may report using group-based reporting. The group-based reporting may be a reduced level of reporting compared to a beam-based reporting. The group-based report may include measurement information for a representative beam. The representative beam may be one of the beams in the group or represents an average of the beams in the group. Alternatively, the representative beam may be a beam that has a maximum measurement value compared to other beams in the group. The group-based report may include a reference signal received power (RSRP) for the representative beam and a differential RSRP for each additional beam in the beam group.

Abstract: Systems, methods and instrumentalities are disclosed for WTRU-initiated beam recovery including beam switching and/or beam sweeping. A WTRU may be configured to detect a beam failure condition, identify a candidate beam for resolving the beam failure condition, and send a beam failure recovery request to a network entity. The WTRU may include the candidate beam in the beam failure recovery request and may receive a response from the network entity regarding the request and/or a solution for the beam failure condition. WTRU-initiated beam recovery may be used to resolve radio link failures and improve system performance by avoiding the necessity to perform an acquisition procedure. Additionally, beam sweeping may be performed at a sub-time unit level to provide a fast sweeping mechanism.

Abstract: Method, apparatuses, and systems for multi-user (MU) transmission is provided, including scheduling, by an access point (AP), an uplink (UL) MU transmission for a group of wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) in which there is an indication that at least one resource unit (RU) of a plurality of RUs is silenced. The silencing may be based on coordinating with one or more overlapping APs or by analyzing conditions of channels associated with an AP.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing sidelink communications in a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and New Radio (NR) technologies is described herein. A WTRU receives downlink control information (DCI) on a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) from a gNodeB (gNB), wherein the DCI is associated with a cyclic redundancy check (CRC). The a determination is made as to whether the DCI is for an LTE or NR technology sidelink transmission. On a condition that the DCI is for NR technology, the WTRU determines which transmit modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table to apply based on the masking of at least some of the bits in the CRC. Then the WTRU transmits sidelink data on resources indicated by the DCI using the determined MCS table. The WTRU may also receive HARQ feedback on resources indicated by the DCI for HARQ feedback.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses for use in wireless communication are disclosed. A method of communication on an unlicensed band may include detecting a Synchronization Signal/Physical Broadcast Channel (SS/PBCH) block comprising a demodulation references signal (DMRS), a synchronization signal (SS), and a PBCH payload. A SS/PBCH block index may be obtained from one of the DMRS and the PBCH payload. A cyclic rotation indicator may be obtained from the SS/PBCH block (e.g., from the DMRS, the SS, and/or the PBCH payload). A determination may be made that the cyclic rotation indicator indicates an on state and a time gap may be obtained from one of the DMRS and the PBCH payload, based on the determination. Frame timing may be determined based on the cyclic rotation indicator, the SS/PBCH block index, and the time gap.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed herein associated with physical random access, e.g., for new radio (NR) implementations such as NR-unlicensed (NR-U). A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may switch a position of a PRACH occasion (RO) with another RO to reduce latency (e.g., so that a WTRU can transmit a preamble without performing a LBT operation). Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for reserving a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure gap at the beginning of a random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) in New Radio (NR) unlicensed (NR-U) systems. The present systems, methods, and instrumentalities may (e.g., may also) be applied to consecutive ROs. This may include reserving a LBT gap for example, for a RO transmission (e.g., for each of the consecutive ROs). Low latency RACH for NR-U systems may be supported (e.g., mapping rules for the RO may be implemented).

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described. A station includes a transceiver and a processor, which detect a trigger frame for an uplink (UL) multi-user (MU) transmission. The trigger frame includes a user information field with an allocation of one or more random access resource units (RUs) and a common information field with information to set high efficiency (HE) SIGNAL-A (HE-SIG-A) fields in the UL MU transmission. The transceiver and the processor generate an HE trigger-based (TB) physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) and set an HE-SIG-A field in the HE TB PPDU using the information in the trigger frame. The transceiver and the processor select one of the one or more random access RUs and transmit the HE TB PPDU, using the selected one of the one or more random access RUs, a short inter-frame space after the trigger frame.

Abstract: A method and system for determining beam reciprocity for a beam of a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) are disclosed. A WTRU may determine a downlink (DL) beam for synchronization. Then, the WTRU may determine transmission reception point (TRP) transmit (TX)/receive (RX) beam correspondence information (BCI) using the determined DL beam. Further, the WTRU may determine a number of WTRU TX beams based on at least the TRP TX/RX BCI. Also, the WTRU may determine a set of WTRU TX beams based on at least the DL beam and the TRP TX/RX BCI, wherein determining the set includes determining one or more WTRU TX beam directions. In addition, the WTRU may transmit data using the determined set of WTRU TX beams. In an example, the determination of the TRP TX/RX BCI may be based on a received TRP TX/RX BCI.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for synchronization between a WTRU and a gNB are disclosed. The WTRU may receive a multiple beam synchronization signal from the gNB during synchronization. For each beam received by the WTRU, of the multiple beam synchronization signal, the WTRU may compare a received energy of the beam against a first threshold. A multiple beam synchronization signal may include a first and second synchronization signal (SS). If one or more beams of the multiple beam synchronization signal meets or exceeds the first threshold, the WTRU may report an indication of pre-synchronization to the gNB. This pre-synchronization may indicate to the gNB that a WTRU exists in an area of a particular beam of the WTRU. In this way, a gNB may target the WTRU using transmissions directed towards the WTRU.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for use in a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) for receiving system information. A WTRU receives a broadcast signal from a gNB, wherein the broadcast signal includes system information. The WTRU determines configuration information associated with the received system information and the WTRU transmits a signal to the gNB using the determined configuration information associated with the received system information. The configuration information includes an indication regarding whether the WTRU is able to include any one or a combination of a request signal or a feedback signal in the signal transmitted to the gNB. The transmitted signal to the gNB may include a preamble that indicates system information block (SIB) request information. The transmitted signal to the gNB may include a control field that indicates additional SIB request information. The transmitted signal may provide feedback for the received system information.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for multiple resource unit (RU) allocation for OFDMA WLAN. A transmitter may parse an encoded bit stream into a plurality of spatial streams. The transmitter may determine an allocation of encoded bits of the plurality of spatial streams to a plurality of interleavers. The transmitter may allocate the encoded bits to the plurality of interleavers based on the determined allocation. The allocation of the encoded bits may be determined based on one or more of channel related feedback, an RU configuration associated with the transmission, a quality of service (QoS), and/or traffic priorities. The transmitter may interleave the encoded bits using the plurality of interleavers. The transmitter may combine the interleaved encoded bits from the plurality of interleavers into a sequenced bit stream.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities may be provided for an infrastructure node to transmit and a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) or a group of WTRUs to receive a first downlink control information (DCI) a second DCI. The first DCI may carry time critical DCI, whereas the second DCI may carry non-time critical DCI. Each of the first DCI and the second DCI may be polar encoded. The second DCI may be polar encoded may be received with an embedded first DCI as part of frozen bits. The second DCI may be mapped to a plurality of bit channels having higher reliability than the plurality of bit channels to which the embedded first DCI is mapped. The WTRU may discard the decoded first DCI, if decoding of the DCI using the embedded first DCI is not successful.

Abstract: Systems, procedures, and instrumentalities are disclosed for synchronizing a signal burst, signal design, and/or system frame acquisition. A synchronization signal (SS) block or burst may be received. The SS block or burst may include a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and/or a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). A first cell ID may be determined and/or a plurality of SSS sequences may be generated. An m0 value (e.g., a first cyclic shift) may be determined from a set of m0 values, for example, based on the generated plurality of SSS sequences. An n1 value (e.g., a second cyclic shift) may be determined from a set of n1 values. A second cell ID may be determined, for example, based on the m0 value and the n1 value. A third cell ID may be determined, for example, based on the second cell ID and the first cell ID.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for NR-PBCH, initial uplink (UL) transmission and system acquisition in NR, including procedures for system acquisition, initial UL transmission, cell ID detection, indicating an SS-block Index and determining subframe timing. A WTRU may receive a first part of minimum system information. The first part of minimum system information (MSI) may include subcarrier spacing (SCS) information associated with a second part of MSI. The WTRU may receive the second part of MSI. The second part of MSI may include information associated with transmitting a physical random access channel (PRACH) request (e.g., PRACH preamble, SCS information, orthogonal cover code (OCC)). The WTRU may configure a PRACH request. The PRACH request may follow a first or a second configuration. The PRACH request may include a cyclic prefix (CP), a guard time (GT), and one or more preamble sequences. The preamble sequences may be repeated.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may determine transmission power levels for uplink channels for uplink component carriers. A transmission power level of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) without control data may be scaled before a PUSCH with control data. A PUSCH without control data may be scaled before a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) with control data. A secondary component carrier may be scaled before a primary component carrier.

Abstract: Methods are described for performing joint coded spatial and/or antenna based modulation. A first device may receive, from a second device, one or more pilot signals associated with one or more transmit antennas, antenna patterns, and/or antenna polarizations. The first device may determine channel related information associated with an antenna pair based on the pilot signals. The channel related information may include one or more channel cross correlation coefficients. The first device may determine a set-partition, for example, based on the channel related information. The first device may configure a dynamically configurable Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM) decoder based on the determined set-partition.