Abstract: An electrochemically active material including composite particles that each include a graphene-based material shell surrounding nanoparticles of a core material. The composite particles may include a BET surface area of less than about 75 m2/g. The electrochemically active material may be formed into an electrode incorporated within a lithium ion electrochemical cell.

Abstract: A bipolar battery, a manufacturing method thereof and a vehicle comprising the bipolar battery. The bipolar battery comprises a case comprising a first half case and a second half case; at least one bipolar plate with periphery sealed and sandwiched between the first half case and the second half case; and at least two electrical cores located at opposite two sides of the bipolar plate, respectively. With using the case made of flexible packaging material and sealing the peripheries of the bipolar plate collector and the case by sticking, it is easy to assemble and maintain the bipolar battery.

Abstract: One example includes a battery case sealed to retain electrolyte, an electrode disposed in the battery case, the electrode comprising a current collector formed of a framework defining open areas disposed along three axes (“framework”), the framework electrically conductive, with active material disposed in the open areas; a conductor electrically coupled to the electrode and sealingly extending through the battery case to a terminal disposed on an exterior of the battery case, a further electrode disposed in the battery case, a separator disposed between the electrode and the further electrode and a further terminal disposed on the exterior of the battery case and in electrical communication with the further electrode, with the terminal and the further terminal electrically isolated from one another.

Abstract: One example includes a battery case sealed to retain electrolyte, an electrode disposed in the battery case, the electrode comprising a current collector formed of a framework defining open areas disposed along three axes (“framework”), the framework electrically conductive, with active material disposed in the open areas; a conductor electrically coupled to the electrode and sealingly extending through the battery case to a terminal disposed on an exterior of the battery case, a further electrode disposed in the battery case, a separator disposed between the electrode and the further electrode and a further terminal disposed on the exterior of the battery case and in electrical communication with the further electrode, with the terminal and the further terminal electrically isolated from one another.

Abstract: One example includes a battery case sealed to retain electrolyte, an electrode disposed in the battery case, the electrode comprising a framework defining open areas disposed along three axes (“3D framework”) formed of fluorinated carbon including elements that each include a conductive core at least partially surrounded by an electrochemically active portion, wherein a plurality conductive cores form an electrically conductive network, a conductor electrically coupled to the electrode in electrical communication with the conductive network and sealingly extending through the battery case to a terminal disposed on an exterior of the battery case, a further electrode disposed in the battery case, a separator disposed between the electrode and the further electrode and a further terminal disposed on the exterior of the battery case and in electrical communication with the further electrode, with the terminal and the further terminal electrically isolated from one another.

Abstract: One example includes a battery case sealed to retain electrolyte, an electrode disposed in the battery case, the electrode comprising a current collector formed of a framework defining open areas disposed along three axes (“framework”), the framework electrically conductive, with active material disposed in the open areas; a conductor electrically coupled to the electrode and sealingly extending through the battery case to a terminal disposed on an exterior of the battery case, a further electrode disposed in the battery case, a separator disposed between the electrode and the further electrode and a further terminal disposed on the exterior of the battery case and in electrical communication with the further electrode, with the terminal and the further terminal electrically isolated from one another.

Abstract: One example includes a battery case sealed to retain electrolyte, an electrode disposed in the battery case, the electrode comprising a framework defining open areas disposed along three axes (“3D framework”) formed of fluorinated carbon including elements that each include a conductive core at least partially surrounded by an electrochemically active portion, wherein a plurality conductive cores form an electrically conductive network, a conductor electrically coupled to the electrode in electrical communication with the conductive network and sealingly extending through the battery case to a terminal disposed on an exterior of the battery case, a further electrode disposed in the battery case, a separator disposed between the electrode and the further electrode and a further terminal disposed on the exterior of the battery case and in electrical communication with the further electrode, with the terminal and the further terminal electrically isolated from one another.

Abstract: The present subject matter provides apparatus and methods for testing high dielectric capacitors. A testing process whereby voltage and temperature is varied to provide temperature dependent plots to determine the reliability of a capacitor is provided. A testing system is demonstrated to measure capacitor reliability and/or relative capacitor reliability.

Abstract: A method for treating a copper surface of a semiconductor device provides exposing the copper surface to a citric acid solution after the surface is formed using CMP (chemical mechanical polishing) or other methods. The citric acid treatment may take place during a cleaning operation that takes place in a wafer scrubber, or subsequent to such an operation. The citric acid treatment removes copper oxides that form on copper surfaces exposed to the environment and prevents hillock formation during subsequent high temperature operations. The copper surface is then annealed and the annealing followed by an NH3 plasma treatment which again removes any copper oxides that may be present. The NH3 plasma operation roughens exposed surfaces improving the adhesion of subsequently-formed films such as a dielectric film preferably formed in-situ with the NH3 plasma treatment. The subsequently-formed film is formed over an oxide-free, hillock-free copper surface.

Abstract: A primary alkaline battery includes a cathode including a nickel oxyhydroxide and an anode including zinc or zinc alloy particles. Performance of the nickel oxyhydroxide alkaline cell is improved by adding zinc fines to the anode.

Abstract: A coition activated inflatable reservoir condom. The condom comprises a various number of inflatable tubular portions on its shaft and an anterior inflatable dome. A fluid filled reservoir attached to the base of the condom to supply the fluid into the inflatable portions by body pressure between the users. One handheld pump with a tube connected to the reservoir as the source of additional fluid for the reservoir. One receiving empty container with a relief valve also is included to release the fluid from the inflated portions and to reduce the size of the condom during the intercourse per users' discretion. This invention is a condom that provides for an enhanced sexual experience.

Abstract: A method for treating a copper surface of a semiconductor device provides exposing the copper surface to a citric acid solution after the surface is formed using CMP (chemical mechanical polishing) or other methods. The citric acid treatment may take place during a cleaning operation that takes place in a wafer scrubber, or subsequent to such an operation. The citric acid treatment removes copper oxides that form on copper surfaces exposed to the environment and prevents hillock formation during subsequent high temperature operations. The copper surface is then annealed and the annealing followed by an NH3 plasma treatment which again removes any copper oxides that may be present. The NH3 plasma operation roughens exposed surfaces improving the adhesion of subsequently-formed films such as a dielectric film preferably formed in-situ with the NH3 plasma treatment. The subsequently-formed film is formed over an oxide-free, hillock-free copper surface.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell includes a cathode including MnO2 and a CO2 absorption agent.

Abstract: A primary lithium cell having an anode comprising lithium and a cathode comprising electrochemically active material selected from silver copper oxides having the formula AgCuO2 or Ag2Cu2O3 or mixtures thereof. The cathode can include a manganese dioxide in admixture with said silver copper oxides. The cell exhibits higher capacity and energy output than conventional lithium cells having an anode comprising lithium and cathode comprising manganese dioxide.

Abstract: A primary alkaline battery includes a cathode including a nickel oxyhydroxide and an anode including zinc or zinc alloy particles. Performance of the nickel oxyhydroxide alkaline cell is improved by adding zinc fines to the anode.

Abstract: An alkaline cell having an anode comprising zinc, an alkaline electrolyte solution, a separator, and a cathode comprising silver copper oxide AgCuO2, or Ag2Cu2O3, desirably in admixture with MnO2. The cathode preferably also includes a graphitic carbon to improve electrical conductivity. The graphtic carbon can comprise natural or synthetic graphites including expanded graphites and graphitic carbon fibers. The carbon nanofibers desirably have a mean average diameter less than 500 nanometers.

Abstract: An alkaline cell having an anode comprising zinc, an alkaline electrolyte solution, a separator, and a cathode comprising silver copper oxide selected from the compounds AgCuO2 Ag2Cu2O3 or any mixture thereof. The cathode preferably also includes a graphitic carbon to improve electrical conductivity. The graphitic carbon can comprise natural or synthetic graphites including expanded graphites and graphitic carbon fibers. The carbon nanofibers desirably have a mean average diameter less than 500 nanometers.

Abstract: A primary lithium cell having an anode comprising lithium and a cathode comprising electrochemically active material selected from silver copper oxides having the formula AgCuO2 or Ag2Cu2O3 or mixtures thereof. The cathode can include a manganese dioxide in admixture with said silver copper oxides. The cell exhibits higher capacity and energy output than conventional lithium cells having an anode comprising lithium and cathode comprising manganese dioxide.

Abstract: An alkaline cell having an anode comprising zinc, an alkaline electrolyte solution, a separator, and a cathode comprising silver copper oxide AgCuO2, or Ag2Cu2O3, desirably in admixture with MnO2. The cathode preferably also includes a graphitic carbon to improve electrical conductivity. The graphtic carbon can comprise natural or synthetic graphites including expanded graphites and graphitic carbon fibers. The carbon nanofibers desirably have a mean average diameter less than 500 nanometers.

Abstract: An alkaline cell having an anode comprising zinc, an alkaline electrolyte solution, a separator, and a cathode comprising silver copper oxide selected from the compounds AgCuO2 Ag2Cu2O3 or any mixture thereof. The cathode preferably also includes a graphitic carbon to improve electrical conductivity. The graphitic carbon can comprise natural or synthetic graphites including expanded graphites and graphitic carbon fibers. The carbon nanofibers desirably have a mean average diameter less than 500 nanometers.