Abstract: The invention relates to an HF terminating resistor having a planar layer structure which, on a substrate (16), comprises a resistor layer (10) for converting HF energy to heat, an input conductor (12) for supplying HF energy and an eaerthing conductor (14) for the electric connection to an earthing contact (22). The input conductor (12) is electrically connected to a first end (18) of the resistor layer (10) and the earthing conductor (14) is electrically connected to a second end (20) of the resistor layer (10) opposite the first end(18). On an earthing contact end of the layer structure, the earthing conductor (14) forms the topmost layer of the layer structure. The invention is characterized in that the earthing conductor (14) is at least partially arranged on the resistor layer (10).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling an internal combustion engine in the neutral position, comprising the following steps: the actual idle rotational speed is measured, the actual idle rotational speed is compared to a desired idle rotational speed, correction torque is determined according to the actual idle rotational speed gradients when the actual idle rotational speed deviates from the desired idle rotational speed by more than a predefined value, the correction torque is added to the actual motor torque demand of the internal combustion engine. The advantage of said invention is that the control of the idle rotational speed also takes into account the actual idle rotational speed gradients and the correction torque is added directly to the motor torque demand such that, overall, a very rapid control characteristic is obtained.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and a device for determining an internal combustion engine phase. Said device comprises an intake zone, an exhaust zone, at least one camshaft which acts on the gas exchanging valves and whereof the phase can be adjusted relative to that of a crankshaft by means of a phase adjusting device, and at least one sensor whereof the measurement signal enables a specific phase to be determined. The phase adjusting device is controlled in accordance with phase adjustment of the camshaft until detection of a gas reflux from the exhaust zone to the intake zone. A correction value is determined based on the associated specific phase and on a specific allocated phase. In the next operating mode, the respectively specific phase is corrected based on the correction value.

Abstract: In a method for determining the switchover condition in order to initiate a valve lift changeover in an internal combustion engine, the torque requirement (TQ REQ) is determined. Also, an operational variable of the internal combustion engine, which is representative for an operational state of the internal combustion engine, is determined. According to the operational variable, a duration of time (T), which is required in the current operational state in order to carry out at least one prepared amount for the valve lift changeover, is determined. An alteration value, which is representative for the alteration of the torque condition (TQ_REQ), is determined. The valve lift changeover is initiated by the duration of time (T) and the alteration value (TQ_REQ) according to the torque requirement (TQ REQ).

Abstract: The invention relates to an internal combustion engine comprising an inlet tract, leading to the inlet to a cylinder where a gas inlet valve is arranged. A valve drive for the gas inlet valve is provided, by means of which the valve stroke of the gas inlet may be adjusted using an actuator element, which permits differing cams to operate the gas inlet valve. An inductive actuator drive is arranged on the actuator element in which a voltage is induced during a switching process. A first unit is embodied for recognition of whether a switching of the valve stroke has occurred by means of the voltage induced in the inductive actuator drive which is characteristic of the switching process. A second unit is embodied for the control of at least one further actuator body depending on whether a switching of the valve is recognized in the first switching unit.

Abstract: A coaxial plug or coaxial socket connected to a coaxial coupler of a device that is to be calibrated, such as a measuring port of a vectorial network analyzer (VNA). The coaxial coupler has an inner conductor part and a coaxial outer conductor part, and has a short-circuit connection provided between the inner conductor part and the outer conductor part. The outer conductor part and the inner conductor part are connected to a contact coupling sleeve so that they can be axially displaced in relation to one another. A contact mechanism is located and configured to act selectively on the contact coupling sleeve, so that the latter creates the short-circuit connection in the form of a detachable electrical contact between the inner conductor part and the outer conductor part, whilst at the same time mechanically fixing the inner conductor part and the outer conductor part in their relative positions.

Abstract: The invention relates to an internal combustion engine which is provided with a manifold from which an intake tube extends to an intake of a cylinder of the internal combustion engine, with a gas inlet valve, disposed at the intake of the cylinder, an intermittent charge valve, disposed upstream of the gas inlet valve in the intake tube and releasing or closing the intake tube subject to a switching position of the intake tube, and in injection valve for metering fuel. The temporal position of the duration of injection of the fuel is adjusted subject to a point in time at which the switching position of the intermittent charge valve is changed. In this manner, it can be ensured that the air has a high velocity of flow during injection, thereby obtaining a good mixture preparation in a simple manner.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for controlling an internal combustion engine comprising an inlet pipe leading to a cylinder input where a gas input valve is placed. Said engine also comprises a drive for the gas input valve which makes it possible to adjust a gas input valve lift for at least two values. The engine also comprises an injection valve for metering fuel and a spark plug which controls the crankshaft angle of air-fuel mixture ignition. Said internal combustion engine is controlled in a following manner: a fuel is metered at least once during the intake stroke of a cylinder when the valve lift (VL) passes from one value to the other and at least one final injection is carried out in a dosing manner only when the valve lift (VL) is really carried out.

Abstract: The problem during overrun fuel cut-off operations, i.e. cut-off of fuel injection during trailing throttle conditions of the vehicle, is that the transition entails an undue torque jump, resulting in the smooth operation of the engine and the driving comfort of the passengers of the vehicle being affected. The aim of the invention is to reduce the torque jump. Said aim is achieved by injecting fuel into a cylinder of the Otto engine in a multiple injection process, at least a partial quantity of the fuel that is to be injected being injected during the compression phase, whereby the quantity of air that is taken in advantageously decreases because no internal cooling takes place while the efficiency is advantageously reduced due to the lesser degree of swirling, resulting in lower torque. Overall, torque (DM) is reduced to a significantly greater extent than by merely adjusting the spark angle (ZW) while smooth operation of the Otto engine is not affected.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling an internal combustion engine in the neutral position, comprising the following steps: the actual idle rotational speed is measured, the actual idle rotational speed is compared to a desired idle rotational speed, correction torque is determined according to the actual idle rotational speed gradients when the actual idle rotational speed deviates from the desired idle rotational speed by more than a predefined value, the correction torque is added to the actual motor torque demand of the internal combustion engine. The advantage of said invention is that the control of the idle rotational speed also takes into account the actual idle rotational speed gradients and the correction torque is added directly to the motor torque demand such that, overall, a very rapid control characteristic is obtained.

Abstract: During the changeover from a first operating mode of a spark-ignition engine with direct fuel injection to a second operating mode, in particular between a homogeneous stoichiometric and homogeneous lean, stratified or HCCI operation with changeovers of the valve stroke or the valve phase, there is the risk of an undesired torque jump, which can lead to a perceptible jolting of the vehicle or to a disturbance in the running of the spark-ignition engine. The invention thus proposes, in particular in the case of an inadmissibly large torque jump, the initiation of a multiple injection of fuel in addition to the conventional compensation by the displacement of the ignition angle. A partial quantity of said fuel is injected during the compression phase to reduce the degree of efficiency, thus reducing the torque produced.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and a device for determining an internal combustion engine phase. Said device comprises an intake zone, an exhaust zone, at least one camshaft which acts on the gas exchanging valves and whereof the phase can be adjusted relative to that of a crankshaft by means of a phase adjusting device, and at least one sensor whereof the measurement signal enables a specific phase to be determined. The phase adjusting device is controlled in accordance with phase adjustment of the camshaft until detection of a gas reflux from the exhaust zone to the intake zone. A correction value is determined based on the associated specific phase and on a specific allocated phase. In the next operating mode, the respectively specific phase is corrected based on the correction value.

Abstract: A coaxial plug or coaxial socket connected to a coaxial coupler of a device that is to be calibrated, such as a measuring port of a vectorial network analyzer (VNA). The coaxial coupler has an inner conductor part and a coaxial outer conductor part, and has a short-circuit connection provided between the inner conductor part and the outer conductor part. The outer conductor part and the inner conductor part are connected to a contact coupling sleeve so that they can be axially displaced in relation to one another. A contact mechanism is located and configured to act selectively on the contact coupling sleeve, so that the latter creates the short-circuit connection in the form of a detachable electrical contact between the inner conductor part and the outer conductor part, whilst at the same time mechanically fixing the inner conductor part and the outer conductor part in their relative positions.

Abstract: The invention relates to an internal combustion engine comprising an inlet tract, leading to the inlet to a cylinder where a gas inlet valve is arranged. A valve drive for the gas inlet valve is provided, by means of which the valve stroke of the gas inlet may be adjusted using an actuator element, which permits differing cams to operate the gas inlet valve. An inductive actuator drive is arranged on the actuator element in which a voltage is induced during a switching process. A first unit is embodied for recognition of whether a switching of the valve stroke has occurred by means of the voltage induced in the inductive actuator drive which is characteristic of the switching process. A second unit is embodied for the control of at least one further actuator body depending on whether a switching of the valve is recognized in the first switching unit.

Abstract: During the changeover from a first operating mode of a spark-ignition engine with direct fuel injection to a second operating mode, in particular between a homogeneous stoichiometric and homogeneous lean, stratified or HCCI operation with changeovers of the valve stroke or the valve phase, there is the risk of an undesired torque jump, which can lead to a perceptible jolting of the vehicle or to a disturbance in the running of the spark-ignition engine. The invention thus proposes, in particular in the case of an inadmissibly large torque jump, the initiation of a multiple injection of fuel in addition to the conventional compensation by the displacement of the ignition angle. A partial quantity of said fuel is injected during the compression phase to reduce the degree of efficiency, thus reducing the torque produced.

Abstract: The invention relates to an internal combustion engine which is provided with a manifold from which an intake tube extends to an intake of a cylinder of the internal combustion engine, with a gas inlet valve, disposed at the intake of the cylinder, an intermittent charge valve, disposed upstream of the gas inlet valve in the intake tube and releasing or closing the intake tube subject to a switching position of the intake tube, and in injection valve for metering fuel. The temporal position of the duration of injection of the fuel is adjusted subject to a point in time at which the switching position of the intermittent charge valve is changed. In this manner, it can be ensured that the air has a high velocity of flow during injection, thereby obtaining a good mixture preparation in a simple manner.

Abstract: The problem during overrun fuel cut-off operations, i.e. cut-off of fuel injection during trailing throttle conditions of the vehicle, is that the transition entails an undue torque jump, resulting in the smooth operation of the engine and the driving comfort of the passengers of the vehicle being affected. The aim of the invention is to reduce the torque jump. Said aim is achieved by injecting fuel into a cylinder of the Otto engine in a multiple injection process, at least a partial quantity of the fuel that is to be injected being injected during the compression phase, whereby the quantity of air that is taken in advantageously decreases because no internal cooling takes place while the efficiency is advantageously reduced due to the lesser degree of swirling, resulting in lower torque. Overall, torque (DM) is reduced to a significantly greater extent than by merely adjusting the spark angle (ZW) while smooth operation of the Otto engine is not affected.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method defining particular exceptional situations in the operation of an HCCI internal combustion engine, whereby an HCCI operation is either suppressed or enforced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for controlling an internal combustion engine comprising an inlet pipe leading to a cylinder input where a gas input valve is placed. Said engine also comprises a drive for the gas input valve which makes it possible to adjust a gas input valve lift for at least two values. The engine also comprises an injection valve for metering fuel and a spark plug which controls the crankshaft angle of air-fuel mixture ignition. Said internal combustion engine is controlled in a following manner: a fuel is metered at least once during the intake stroke of a cylinder when the valve lift (VL) passes from one value to the other and at least one final injection is carried out in a dosing manner only when the valve lift (VL) is really carried out.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method defining particular exceptional situations in the operation of an HCCI internal combustion engine, whereby an HCCI operation is either suppressed or enforced.