Abstract: Alkenylphosphonic and -phosphinic acid esters of 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)alkanes and of 2,2-bis-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol are useful as cross-linking agents in polymeric hydrogels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to hydrophilic, swellable graft copolymers composed, in random distribution, of 0.5 to 20% by weight of radicals of the general formula I ##STR1## of 79 to 99% by weight of radicals containing an acidic group, of the general formula II ##STR2## and of 0.1 to 2% by weight of radicals of a crosslinking agent which are derived from monomers having at least two olefinically unsaturated double bonds, and the radicals X, Z, m, n, z and also R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are defined as given in the description, a process for the preparation of these graft copolymers and also their use as absorbents for water and aqueous solutions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to hydrophilic, swellable graft copolymers composed, in random distribution, of 0.5 to 20% by weight of radicals of the general formula I ##STR1## 79 to 99% by weight of radicals containing an acidic group, of the general formula II ##STR2## and 0.1 to 2% by weight of crosslinking structures which are derived from monomers having at least two olefinically unsaturated double bonds, where the radicals X, Y, R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 and n have the meanings given in claim 1, and which are used as absorbents for water and aqueous solutions.

Abstract: Alkenylphosphonic and -phosphinic acid esters of 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)alkanes and of 2,2-bis-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol are useful as cross-linking agents in polymeric hydrogels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to hydrophilic swellable graft polymers which consist, in random distribution, to the extent of 0.5 to 20% by weight of radicals of the general formula I ##STR1## 79 to 99% by weight of radicals containing an acid group, of the general formula II ##STR2## and 0.1 to 2% by weight of crosslinking structures originating from monomers with at least two olefinically unsaturated double bonds, wherein the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 and n have the meanings given in claim 1, these graft polymers being used as absorbants for water and aqueous solutions.

Abstract: A polymer hydrogel substantially free from monomers and oligomers is prepared by contacting a previously prepared polymer hydrogel with a single-phase mixture of water and a solvent and then separating the mixture of water and solvent from the hydrogel.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of polymers of vinylphosphonic acid in water with the aid of catalysts which form free radicals, which comprises heating vinylphosphonic acid and (meth)acrylic acid to temperatures of 40.degree. to 120.degree. C. in water in the presence of 1 to 5.5% by weight of aliphatic peroxy esters and/or diacyl peroxides which dissociate by half in one hour at temperatures below 122.degree. C., the total amount of vinylphosphonic acid being taken together with up to 30% by weight, based on the total amount of monomer, of (meth)acrylic acid and the remainder of the (meth)acrylic acid being added in the course of the reaction.The copolymers are suitable for use in detergent and cleaning agents.

Abstract: Water-soluble copolymers containing a statistical distribution of 1-86% by weight of structural units of the formula ##STR1## 9-80% by weight of units of the formula ##STR2## 5-90% by weight of units of the formula ##STR3## and up to a total of 30% by weight of one or more units of the formulae ##STR4## wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;R.sup.2 and R.sup.5 independently of one another are each hydrogen or methyl;R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently of one another are each hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, or together R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are trimethylene or pentamethylene;Y is a direct bond, phenylene or a moiety of the formula --CO--NH--C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --;X.sym. is H.sym. or a cation;and said copolymers are useful as dyestuff auxiliaries and leather retanning agents.

Abstract: Polycoester of the formula IE--CO--R--CO--O--R.sup.1 --O--CO--R--CO).sub.n E.sup.1 (I)in whichR is 60 to 85 mol % 1,3-phenylene radicals, 5 to 20 mol % tetramethylene radicals and 10 to 20 mol % for example radicals of the formula IIa ##STR1## R.sup.1 is 60 to 95 mol % ethylene radicals (--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --), 0 to 28 mol % 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propylene radicals and 5 to 12 mol % polyoxyethylene radicals having an average molecular weight up to 600 andR.sup.2 denotes for example SO.sub.3 H andE, E.sup.1 denote for example --OH andn is a sufficiently large number that the polycoester has an average molecular weight between 15,000 and 40,000, are used in the form of their aqueous solutions as sizing agents.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of copolymers from acrylamide and acrylic or methacrylic acid, wherein to prepare 100 parts by weight of the copolymer, (A) 10-90 parts by weight of acrylamide, (B) 90-100 parts by weight of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid or of a salt thereof, (C) 0-40 parts by weight of another copolymerizable monomer and (D) 0-5 parts by weight of a copolymerizable crosslinking agent which has two or more olefinic double bonds are polymerized in an alcohol having 1-4 carbon atoms by precipitation polymerization such that 10-90% by weight of the alcohol, 10-90% by weight of the total amount of monomers (A), (B) and (C) together with 100% by weight of the crosslinker substance are initially mixed, polymerization is started with 10-100% by weight of the initiator and then the remainder of the solvent, monomers, crosslinking agent and initiator to make up to 100% is metered in, as individual components or as a mixture, after the polymerization has started.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of polymers of vinylphosphonic acid in protic diluents with the aid of catalysts which form free radicals, which comprises heating vinylphosphonic acid at temperatures of 40.degree. to 130.degree. C. in a total of 10 to 150% by weight of protic diluents for a total of 4-60 hours in the presence of 1.0 to 5.5% by weight of aliphatic peroxy-esters, diacyl peroxides and/or aliphatic azo compounds which decompose by half in one hour at temperatures below 122.degree. C.

Abstract: A porous, bead-like copolymer which can be employed to excellent effect for the fixation of enzymes is obtained by suspension polymerization of monomeric oxiranylalkyl compounds and/or 2-aziridinylalkyl compounds, n-valent crosslinking agents, N-vinylamides, heterocyclic 5-membered ring compounds or 6-membered ring compounds, having a polymerizable olefinic group in each case, and polymerizable quaternary ammonium salts.

Abstract: Cement slurries for deep holes, with a content of copolymers which are composed of 5-95% by weight of groups of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl,R.sub.2 is C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 -alkylene andMe is ammonium, lithium, sodium or potassium, of 5-60% by weight of groups of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sub.3 is hydrogen, --CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 andR.sub.4 is --CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5, orR.sub.3 and R.sub.4 together are a propylene group which, with incorporation of the radical ##STR3## forms a pyrrolidone radical, and of 0-90% by weight of groups of the formula ##STR4## in which R.sub.6 is hydrogen or methyl andR.sub.7 is carboxamido, carboxyl, cyano or carbomethoxy.These copolymers reduce the water loss of cement slurries which are required for deep holes.

Abstract: Crosslinked copolymers wherein crosslinking is effected with crosslinking bridge members of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another are each hydrogen or alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms and m represents a number from 0 to 6 are prepared by copolymerization of monomers with vinylphosphonic acid (ester)-anhydrides and the new crosslinked polymers according to the invention are suitable for the preparation of acid-soluble coatings and encapsulation materials.

Abstract: New copolymers soluble in water and aqueous acids are disclosed comprising in a statistical distribution in the macromolecule at least 5% by weight of entities containing a formylamino functionality and at least 10% by weight of entities containing an amino carbonyl functionality, which are stable in high concentrations of Bronsted-Lowery acids and can be used as friction reducers in the stimulation of oil or gas wells.

Abstract: Sand or rock masses containing mineral oil are deoiled with a deoiling agent containing an aqueous solution of a water-soluble copolymer which is a random distribution of 5 to 60% of weight of units of the formula ##STR1## 2 to 40% by weight of units of the formula ##STR2## 38 to 93% by weight of units of the formula ##STR3## and partial hydrolysates thereof, wherein when R.sup.1 is hydrogen, R.sup.2 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, Y is --CO--NH--C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- or a direct bond, and X.sup..sym. is a cation; when R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different, each is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or, together are trimethylene, Y is --CO--NH--C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- and X.sup..sym. is a cation.

Abstract: Metal chelates of water soluble copolymers with polyvalent metal ions contain a statistical distribution of 1-86% by weight of structural units of the formula ##STR1## 9-80% by weight of units of the formula ##STR2## 5-90% by weight of units of the formula ##STR3## and up to 30% by weight of one or more units of the formulae ##STR4## wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 and R.sup.5 independently of one another are each hydrogen or methyl;R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently of one another are each hydrogen, methyl or ethyl or together are a trimethylene or pentamethylene;Y is a direct bond, phenylene or a moiety of the formula --CO--NH--C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --; andX.sup..sym. is a cation or H.sup..crclbar.

Abstract: The present invention relates to macromolecular compositions crosslinked by a novel bridge having the formula --NR.sup.x --CH.dbd.N--CO--. This novel bridge is obtained by reacting a macro-molecule, preferably a polymer, having at least two amidocarbonyl groups with a compound having at least two formylamido groups in an aqueous medium under highly acidic conditions. The crosslinking bridge formed by the reaction of this invention is produced in accord with the following formula: ##STR1## Compositions containing macromolecules having at least two amidocarbonyl groups and a compound having at least two formylamido groups can act as viscosifying or gelling agents for aqueous acids where when added to aqueous acids, crosslinking occurs. Acids gelled in this manner have important use in the recovery of oil and natural gas from subterranean formations.

Abstract: New copolymers soluble in water and aqueous acids are disclosed comprising in a statistical distribution in the macromolecule at least 5% by weight of entities containing a formylamino functionality and at least 10% by weight of entities containing an amino carbonyl functionality, which are stable in high concentrations of Bronsted-Lowery acids and can be used as friction reducers in the stimulation of oil or gas wells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to macromolecular compositions crosslinked by a novel bridge having the formula --NR.sup.x --CH.dbd.N--CO--. This novel bridge is obtained by reacting a macro-molecule, preferably a polymer, having at least two amidocarbonyl groups with a compound having at least two formylamido groups in an aqueous medium under highly acidic conditions. The crosslinking bridge formed by the reaction of this invention is produced in accord with the following formula: ##STR1## Compositions containing macromolecules having at least two amidocarbonyl groups and a compound having at least two formylamido groups can act as viscosifying or gelling agents for aqueous acids where when added to aqueous acids, crosslinking occurs. Acids gelled in this manner have important use in the recovery of oil and natural gas from subterranean formations.