Abstract: Hydrophobic textile materials exhibit reduced tendency to static charge buildup, significantly improved absorbency and reduced soiling tendency when treated with a water-dispersible polyester having structural units of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is, on statistical average, 80 to 100 mol percent of p-phenylene and 0 to 20 mol percent of divalent moieties of the formula ##STR2## and wherein G is, on statistical average, 30 to 90 mol percent of linear or branched divalent alkane moieties having 3 to 6 carbon atoms which may be interrupted by 1 or 2 oxygen atoms, 10 to 30 mol percent of divalent polyether moieties having an average molecular weight of 1,000 to 3,000, and up to 50 mol percent of ethylene moieties, and R is a straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkenyl having 6 to 8 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Sand or rock masses containing mineral oil are deoiled with a deoiling agent containing an aqueous solution of a water-soluble copolymer which is a random distribution of 5 to 60% of weight of units of the formula ##STR1## 2 to 40% by weight of units of the formula ##STR2## and 38 to 93% by weight of units of the formula ##STR3## and partial hydrolysates thereof, wherein when R.sup.1 is hydrogen, R.sup.2 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, Y is --CO--NH--C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- or a direct bond, and X.sup..sym. is a cation; when R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different, each is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or, together are trimethylene, Y is --CO--NH--C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- and X.sup..sym. is cation.

Abstract: Process for reducing the friction pressure drop of aqueous liquids and suspensions in turbulent or pulsating flow by adding from 1 to 1,000 ppm of linear random copolymers of the following formula I as drag reducing agents ##STR1## in which X is a Na.sup.+, K.sup.+ or NH.sub.4.sup.+ cation and Y is hydrogen or a Na.sup.+, K.sup.+ or NH.sub.4.sup.+ cation, and in which a, b, c and d represent the proportional weight ratios of the comonomers in % and a is in the range of from 30 to 98, b from 0 to 20, c from 0 to 25 and d from 0 to 45, however, wherein the sum of the portions of b and c must be at least 2, the said copolymers being obtained in the manufacturing process in the form of aqueous and dimensionally stable jellies capable of being cut, while retaining their solubility in water.

Abstract: Polyvinyl alcohol modified by reaction with formaldehyde and amidosulfonic acid at a pH value of 4 to 7, which value is established by the addition of an organic amine. This modified polyvinyl alcohol is suitable for use as a sizing agent for yarns.

Abstract: Low viscosity, aqueous impregnating resin solution with improved stability containing 30-70% by weight of solid resin which comprises:(A) 80-98% by weight of a melamine-formaldehyde precondensate and(B) 2-20% by weight of a water soluble copolymer.

Abstract: Outstandingly suitable drilling mud additives are water soluble copolymers consisting essentially of a random distribution of(a) 5 to 95% by weight of units of the formula ##STR1## (b) 5 to 95% by weight of units of the formula ##STR2## and (c) 0 to 80% by weight of units of the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and each is hydrogen methyl or ethyl; andX.sup..sym. is a cation.

Abstract: Hazy or frosty appearance of mixtures of polyester and cellulosic fibers when dyed with disperse dyes is suppressed by adding to the aqueous dye bath a small amount of low copolymer of acrylamide or the like with a water-soluble maleic or fumaric acid ester, and with or without an additional water-soluble vinyl compound, all as defined infra. The copolymer is normally a liquid miscible with water in all proportions at 10.degree. C. or below. Disperse dye is fixed to the polyester fibers by heating as in the Thermosol process. Dyes for the cellulosic fibers can also be included in the dye bath so that the cellulosic fibers are also dyed in the same treatment. Alternatively the cellulosic fibers can be separately dyed, preferably after the polyester fibers are dyed.

Abstract: The process for the preparation of a 3-(4-hydroxyanilino)carbazole of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or halogenoalkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, comprising reacting a 3-aminocarbazole of the formula ##STR2## with p-hydroquinone or p-aminophenol or a mixture of p-hydroquinone and p-aminophenol in at least stoichiometric amounts by heating to a temperature of 150.degree. to 300.degree. C. with exclusion of oxygen.

Abstract: Improved polyesters soluble or dispersible in water having an apparent average molecular weight of 800 to 5,000 and containing phosphonic ester moieties are useful as levelling auxiliaries for uniform dyeing and are produced by esterifying dibasic acids and dihydric alcohols, either or both of which contain phosphonic acid moieties, phosphonic acid ester moieties or both.

Abstract: Outstandingly suitable drilling mud additives are water soluble copolymers consisting essentially of a random distribution of(a) 5 to 95% by weight of units of the formula ##STR1## (b) 5 to 95% by weight of units of the formula ##STR2## and (c) 0 to 80% by weight of units of the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; and X.sup..sym. is a cation.

Abstract: The formulation for brightening synthetic fibers or mixtures of synthetic fibers and natural fibers, which is an aqueous dispersion comprising at least one finely divided optical brightener and a dispersing agent, wherein the improvement comprises the dispersing agent being a water-soluble or water-dispersible polyester containing at least one phosphonic acid ester moiety.

Abstract: A padding auxiliary is used in a dyeing process using a padding liquor wherein the padding auxiliary is an aqueous solution or dispersion containing(a) 20 to 50 percent by weight of a mixture of 50 to 100 percent by weight of a compound of the following formula ##STR1## and 50 to 0 percent by weight of a compound of the following formula ##STR2## (b) b percent by weight of a compound of the formula ##STR3## and (c) c percent by weight of a compound of the formula ##STR4## wherein b is a number from 0 to 5, c is a number from 0 to 5 and the numbers for b and c are chosen such that the sum of the numbers for b and c is a number from 1 to 10;R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently an aliphatic moiety with 5 to 12 carbon atoms or an araliphatic moiety with 7 to 13 carbon atoms;X.sym., Y.sym. and Z.sym. is each independently an alkali metal cation, ammonium cation or a cation of an alkylamine or hydroxyalkylamine wherein the alkyl has 1-12 carbon atoms;R.sup.

Abstract: Process for dyeing evenly synthetic fiber materials and mixtures thereof with natural fibers, with water-insoluble disperse dyestuffs according to the exhaust method, which comprises adding water-soluble or dispersible linear polyesters that have been obtained by polycondensation of dicarboxylic acids with diols, including sulfo-groups-containing chain links, with an average molecular weight of 800 to 5,000, combined with surface-active oxethylation products, at a blend ratio of 1:0.25 to 1:1.5, as dispersing system with levelling action to the aqueous dyeliquors, besides said dyestuffs and pH-controlling substances.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polycondensate of (a) water soluble or dispersible polyester having a molecular weight of 600-5000 prepared by reacting a carboxylic acid and a diol or polyol wherein 5-40 moles percent of the acid or hydroxy compounds contain sulfo substituents and (b) a compound of the formulaR--O--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.m --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OHwherein m is a number from 5 to 50 and R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl of 6-22 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 6-22 carbon atoms, alkanoyl of 6-22 carbon atoms, aryl of 6-22 carbon atoms, aralkyl of 6-22 carbon atoms, castor oil radical and ##STR1## wherein R' is alkyl or alkenyl each having 6-22 carbon atoms. The polycondensate is useful as a modifier for aminoplast resins and as a leveller in dyeing.

Abstract: Use of cross-linked polymers for increasing the viscosity in cosmetic, pharmaceutical and technical compositions, wherein the polymer chains have the following composition:k - p molar % of groups of the formula ##STR1## p molar % of groups of the formula ##STR2## from 0 to 45 molar % of groups of the formula ##STR3## and from 0.1 to 20 molar % of a cross-linking agent, whereinR.sup.1 represents as a statistical mean value from 0 to 100 molar % of hydrogen and from 100 to 0 molar %, each calculated on the proportion of (k-p) molar %, of CH.sub.2 OH groups,R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are hydrogen, or one of the radicals R.sup.2 and R.sup.

Abstract: A crosslinked copolymer useful in textile printing is prepared by(a) polymerizing in the presence of a radical initiator in a water-miscible alkanol k mole percent acrylamide with 0 to 45 mole percent of a compound of the formula ##STR1## and 0.1 to 20 mole percent of a crosslinked agent wherein k is 99.9 to 50, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are hydrogen or methyl with the proviso that only one of R.sup.2 and R.sup.

Abstract: Water-soluble polyester having an apparent molecular weight between about 600 and about 5,000 and a SO.sub.3 M group content between about 5 to about 40 mol percent based on the number of mols of dicarboxylic and/or polycarboxylic acids esterified in the polyester, and an at least trifunctional alcohol and/or an at least trifunctional carboxylic acid content between about 1 to about 40 mol percent based on the number of mols of dicarboxylic and/or polycarboxylic acids esterified in the polyester so that the polyester is correspondingly branched and M denotes a cation of an alkali metal, the ammonium ion or the cationic radical of an organic amine. The improved polyester is particularly suited as a levelling agent in the disperse dyeing of polyester fibers or the like.

Abstract: Hair-treatment agents having a content of branched copolyesters dispersible or soluble in water and an apparent molecular weight of 600 to 5000, and having a content of SO.sub.3 M groups, wherein M represents an alkali metal ion or ammonium ion or the cationic radical of an organic amine.

Abstract: Process for the even dyeing of synthetic fiber materials and mixtures thereof with natural fibers with water-insoluble disperse dyes according to the exhaustion method, which comprises adding to the dyebath as levelling agents linear water-soluble, or dispersible polyesters containing sulfo groups.

Abstract: An aqueous clay base mud for deep drilling containing as a protective colloid a copolymer which is constituted by the formula I, II and III ##STR1## IN WHICH R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each is hydrogen of --CH.sub.3 ; R.sub.3 is --CO--NH.sub.2, --CN or COOCH.sub.3 ; R.sub.4 is hydrogen, --CH.sub.3 or --C.sub.2 H.sub.5 ; R.sub.5 is --CH.sub.3 or --C.sub.2 H.sub.5 or R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 together represent a propylene group forming a pyrrolidone radical with the inclusion of the radical ##STR2## Me is ammonium, potassium, sodium or lithium and x is 5 to 50, y 25 to 92 and z 3 to 70,Or by the saponification products thereof and which contains the components in the parts by weight of the starting monomers indicated by the indices x, y and z.