Abstract: Provided is a solid-state image capturing element including a semiconductor substrate and first and second photoelectric conversion parts configured to convert light into electric charge. The first and the second photoelectric conversion parts each have a laminated structure including an upper electrode, a lower electrode, a photoelectric conversion film sandwiched between the upper electrode and the lower electrode, and an accumulation electrode facing the upper electrode through the photoelectric conversion film and an insulating film.

Abstract: There is provided a solid-state image sensor, a solid-state imaging device, an electronic apparatus, and a method of manufacturing a solid-state image sensor capable of improving characteristics. There is provided a solid-state image sensor including a stacked structure that includes a semiconductor substrate, a first photoelectric converter provided above the semiconductor substrate and converting light into charges, and a second photoelectric converter provided above the first photoelectric converter and converting light into charges, where the first photoelectric converter and the second photoelectric converter include a photoelectric conversion stacked structure in which a common electrode, a photoelectric conversion film, and a readout electrode are stacked so that the first photoelectric converter and the second photoelectric converter are in a line-symmetrical relationship with each other with a vertical plane perpendicular to a stacking direction of the stacked structure as an axis of symmetry.

Abstract: A method of controlling an engine is provided, which includes the steps of, during motoring of the engine, injecting, by an injector, fuel for analysis into a cylinder at a specific timing after an intake valve of the cylinder of the engine is closed, outputting to a controller, by an in-cylinder pressure sensor, a signal corresponding to a pressure inside the cylinder at least at a timing when a specific crank angle period has passed from the fuel injection timing, and determining, by the controller, a property of the fuel injected by the injector, by comparing a pressure value measured by the in-cylinder pressure sensor with a reference pressure value inside the cylinder measured at a timing when the specific crank angle period has passed after a standard fuel is injected into the cylinder at the specific timing.

Abstract: An engine controlling method is provided, which includes, during motoring of the engine, outputting, by an in-cylinder pressure sensor, to a controller a signal indicative of a reference pressure corresponding to a pressure change after an intake valve of a cylinder of the engine is closed when not performing fuel injection, and then injecting, by an injector, fuel for analysis into the cylinder at a specific timing after the intake valve is closed. The method includes, by the controller, acquiring a crank angle period from the intake valve close timing, through the fuel injection, to a timing of the in-cylinder pressure reaching the reference pressure based on signals from the in-cylinder pressure sensor and a crank angle sensor, and determining a property of the injected fuel by comparing the acquired crank angle period with that of a standard fuel based on stored information on a property of the standard fuel.

Abstract: A microorganism having at least one SPX gene encoding SPX protein responsive to phosphorus deficiency, and characterized in that a function of the SPX protein is decreased or lost by introducing gene mutation into the SPX gene.

Abstract: A method of controlling an engine is provided, which includes, during motoring of the engine, injecting, by an injector, fuel for analysis into a cylinder of the engine at a specific timing after an intake valve of the cylinder is closed. The method includes acquiring, by a controller, a crank angle period from a start timing of the fuel injection to a timing of a pressure inside the cylinder reaching a reference pressure, in response to signals of a crank angle sensor and an in-cylinder pressure sensor. The method includes determining, by the controller, a property of the fuel injected by the injector by comparing the acquired crank angle period with a reference crank angle period, the reference crank angle period being from an injection start timing when a standard fuel is injected into the cylinder to a timing of the pressure inside the cylinder reaching the reference pressure.

Abstract: A method of controlling an engine is provided, which includes the steps of, during motoring of the engine, injecting, by an injector, fuel for analysis into a cylinder at a specific timing after an intake valve of the cylinder of the engine is closed, outputting to a controller, by an in-cylinder pressure sensor, a signal corresponding to a pressure inside the cylinder at least at a timing when a specific crank angle period has passed from the fuel injection timing, and determining, by the controller, a property of the fuel injected by the injector, by comparing a pressure value measured by the in-cylinder pressure sensor with a reference pressure value inside the cylinder measured at a timing when the specific crank angle period has passed after a standard fuel is injected into the cylinder at the specific timing.

Abstract: An engine controlling method is provided, which includes, during motoring of the engine, outputting, by an in-cylinder pressure sensor, to a controller a signal indicative of a reference pressure corresponding to a pressure change after an intake valve of a cylinder of the engine is closed when not performing fuel injection, and then injecting, by an injector, fuel for analysis into the cylinder at a specific timing after the intake valve is closed. The method includes, by the controller, acquiring a crank angle period from the intake valve close timing, through the fuel injection, to a timing of the in-cylinder pressure reaching the reference pressure based on signals from the in-cylinder pressure sensor and a crank angle sensor, and determining a property of the injected fuel by comparing the acquired crank angle period with that of a standard fuel based on stored information on a property of the standard fuel.

Abstract: Provided is barrier paper excellent in gas barrier properties, with respect to barrier paper including a paper substrate layer. Barrier paper comprising a paper substrate layer, an adhesive layer, and an inorganic vapor-deposited layer in this order, the adhesive layer being in contact with the inorganic vapor-deposited layer. In the barrier paper, when the arithmetic average roughness of the surface of the inorganic vapor-deposited layer on the side opposite to the paper substrate layer is defined as Ra1, and the standard deviation of the Ra1 is defined as ?Ra1, ?Ra1 is preferably 0.030 ?m or less.

Abstract: A microorganism having at least one SPX gene encoding SPX protein responsive to phosphorus deficiency, and characterized in that a function of the SPX protein is decreased or lost by introducing gene mutation into the SPX gene.

Abstract: A frame transmission system includes a frame transmitter and a frame receiver. The frame transmitter includes a frame fragmentation unit and a reproduction header appending unit. The frame fragmentation unit fragments an input frame and outputs transfer frames when the length of the input frame exceeds a predetermined fragmentation reference frame length, and does not fragment the input frame and outputs the input frame as a transfer frame when the length of the input frame is less than or equal to the fragmentation reference frame length. The reproduction header appending unit appends a reproduction header to the transfer frames outputted from the frame fragmentation unit. Here, the reproduction header being required when the transfer frames are reproduced at a receiving side. The reproduction header appending unit varies the header length of the reproduction header to be appended to the transfer frame, according to the length of the input frame.

Abstract: A frame transmission system includes a frame transmitter and a frame receiver. The frame transmitter includes a frame fragmentation unit and a reproduction header appending unit. The frame fragmentation unit fragments an input frame and outputs transfer frames when the length of the input frame exceeds a predetermined fragmentation reference frame length, and does not fragment the input frame and outputs the input frame as a transfer frame when the length of the input frame is less than or equal to the fragmentation reference frame length. The reproduction header appending unit appends a reproduction header to the transfer frames outputted from the frame fragmentation unit. Here, the reproduction header being required when the transfer frames are reproduced at a receiving side. The reproduction header appending unit varies the header length of the reproduction header to be appended to the transfer frame, according to the length of the input frame.

Abstract: A data transmission apparatus using a virtual concatenated path in an SDH transmission system is capable of engaging one or more extra paths by an automated sequence execution to meet a traffic requirement that is higher than usual but up to a maximum speed of a user who is usually assigned virtual concatenated paths in a number smaller than capable of transmitting the maximum traffic.

Abstract: A direct-injection spark-ignition engine includes a spark plug provided approximately at the center of the ceiling of a combustion chamber, and an injector having at its downstream end a nozzle which is located in an upper peripheral area of the combustion chamber, in which multiple openings are formed in the nozzle of the injector. Fuel is injected from the nozzle of the injector directly toward the proximity of an electrode of the spark plug. The directions of axis lines of the individual openings are set such that central points of fuel jets spewed out of the individual openings do not lie on the spark plug but are distributed around the electrode, slightly separated therefrom.

Abstract: There are disclosed a mounting information-collecting device which is capable of collecting mounting information concerning mounted statuses of circuit boards with high accuracy and efficiency, as well as a connector and a mounting information-collecting method therefor. A light-emitting device emits an optical signal. A plurality of optical signal-processing elements each apply processing to the optical signal in a manner unique to a corresponding one of the circuit boards to thereby generate a processed optical signal. A mounting information-collecting device receives the processed optical signal and detects whether or not the processing has been applied, to thereby collect the mounting information.

Abstract: There are disclosed a mounting information-collecting device which is capable of collecting mounting information concerning mounted statuses of circuit boards with high accuracy and efficiency, as well as a connector and a mounting information-collecting method therefor. A light-emitting device emits an optical signal. A plurality of optical signal-processing elements each apply processing to the optical signal in a manner unique to a corresponding one of the circuit boards to thereby generate a processed optical signal. A mounting information-collecting device receives the processed optical signal and detects whether or not the processing has been applied, to thereby collect the mounting information.

Abstract: There are disclosed a mounting information-collecting device which is capable of collecting mounting information concerning mounted statuses of circuit boards with high accuracy and efficiency, as well as a connector and a mounting information-collecting method therefor. A light-emitting device emits an optical signal. A plurality of optical signal-processing elements each apply processing to the optical signal in a manner unique to a corresponding one of the circuit boards to thereby generate a processed optical signal. A mounting information-collecting device receives the processed optical signal and detects whether or not the processing has been applied, to thereby collect the mounting information.

Abstract: A fuel spray and a tumble collide with each other from approximately opposite directions in a cavity formed in a piston head so that a combustible mixture stays around a spark plug for an extended period of time. An upper opening of the cavity is elongated to both the left and right sides of a cylinder axis. The distance between a ceiling of the combustion chamber and a bottom surface of the cavity is smaller on the right side of the cylinder axis than on the left side thereof and largest at least at a point where the cylinder axis crosses the bottom surface of the cavity, and a portion of the cavity to the left of the cylinder axis has a larger volumetric capacity than a portion of the cavity to the right of the cylinder axis, whereby a strong tumble is maintained up to a fuel injection point.

Abstract: A direct-injection spark-ignition engine includes a spark plug provided approximately at the center of the ceiling of a combustion chamber, and an injector having at its downstream end a nozzle which is located in an upper peripheral area of the combustion chamber, in which multiple openings are formed in the nozzle of the injector. Fuel is injected from the nozzle of the injector directly toward the proximity of an electrode of the spark plug. The directions of axis lines of the individual openings are set such that central points of fuel jets spewed out of the individual openings do not lie on the spark plug but are distributed around the electrode, slightly separated therefrom.

Abstract: During stratified-charge combustion operation of a direct-injection spark ignition engine, at the cylinder compression stroke, a tumble is generated which flows between a spark plug electrode and a piston crown surface toward an injector. A fuel is injected from the injector in correspondence with the cylinder ignition timing by controlling the penetration of fuel spray from the injector to correspond to the tumble flow rate so that the fuel spray may go against the tumble, become a flammable mixture at the cylinder ignition timing and stay near the spark plug electrode. In the late stage of the compression stroke, diffusion of the flammable mixture is suppressed with squishes. Thus, fuel spray behavior in the combustion chamber is controlled to allow suitable mixture stratification over a wide engine operating condition range. This improves combustion quality and extends a stratified-charge combustion zone thereby providing enhanced fuel economy and power output.