Abstract: In a variable shape mirror including a base substrate; a mirror with a mirror surface; a fixed part, arranged on the base substrate, for fixing the mirror and the base substrate; and an actuator using a piezoelectric ceramics arranged between the base substrate and the mirror; an initial voltage of the actuator is a negative voltage. The initial voltage differs for each actuator; and is larger than or equal to a voltage at which a displacement of the actuator becomes minimum and smaller than zero voltage. The negative initial voltage is a bias voltage, and a voltage stroke is performed while applying the bias voltage.

Abstract: A flexible tubular lining material impregnated with a thermosetting resin is folded and bound with tape to provide a reduced width. Two steel belts are inserted into belt loops and are removably attached so as to sandwich the lining material. During pipeline lining work, first, the steel-belted lining material is inserted into a lateral pipe from the main pipe. The steel belts are then removed from the lining material so that the lining material may remain inside the pipeline. The steel belts are extracted from the pipeline, and the lining material is then made to expand via application of pressure from the inside. While kept in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the pipeline, the lining material is heated in order to cure the thermosetting resin thereof.

Abstract: A microphone unit includes: a housing which has an inner space; a partition member which is provided in the housing and divides the inner space into a first space and a second space, the partition member being at least partially formed of a diaphragm; and an electrical signal output circuit which outputs an electrical signal based on vibrations of the diaphragm. In the housing, a first through-hole through which the first space communicates with an outer space of the housing and a second through-hole through which the second space communicates with the outer space are formed.

Abstract: A variable-shape mirror is provided with: a support base; a mirror portion that is disposed to face the support base and that has, on a side thereof facing away from the support base, a mirror surface which is irradiated with a light beam; fixed portions that fix the mirror portion to the support base; and piezoelectric elements that are sandwiched between the support base and the mirror portion and that vary a shape of the mirror surface. Here, the piezoelectric elements are arranged closer to a center of the mirror portion than the fixed portions are.

Abstract: A deformable mirror includes a mirror substrate having a mirror surface, a supporting member that support the mirror substrate and has a through hole extending in the direction substantially perpendicular to the mirror substrate, an electrode portion that is disposed on the underside of the supporting member opposite to the surface for supporting the mirror substrate so as to cover at least a part of the through hole, and an actuator that is inserted in the through hole and is bonded and fixed to the electrode portion, the actuator being expanded and contracted so as to deform the mirror surface as well as the mirror substrate when electric power is supplied via the electrode portion.

Abstract: A variable shape mirror includes a support substrate, a mirror substrate that is opposed to the support substrate, a fixing member that is disposed on the support substrate and fixes the mirror substrate, and a piezoelectric element that is disposed on the support substrate and is expanded or contracted so as to deform a reflection plane of the mirror substrate. A bonding layer for bonding the mirror substrate and the fixing member to each other is provided to the surface of the mirror substrate opposite to the surface on which the reflection plane is formed, and the bonding layer is formed in an area that corresponds to the outside of an incident area of a light beam that enters the reflection plane.

Abstract: A variable shape mirror includes a support substrate, a mirror substrate that is opposed to the support substrate, a fixing member that is disposed on the support substrate and fixes the mirror substrate, and a piezoelectric element that is disposed on the support substrate and is expanded or contracted so that a reflection plane of the mirror substrate can be deformed. A coefficient of linear expansion of the fixing member is larger than a coefficient of linear expansion of the piezoelectric element. A back surface of the mirror substrate is provided with a metal bonding layer that is disposed in at least a portion to be bonded to the fixing member. The metal bonding layer enables the mirror substrate and the fixing member to be bonded to each other by pressing the mirror substrate and the fixing member to each other while they are heated. The mirror substrate and the piezoelectric element are not bonded to each other.

Abstract: The variable shape mirror (1) includes a substrate (2) and a bulk piezoelectric body (3). On the piezoelectric body (3), a specular surface (4) is formed, and further a plurality of grooves (5a-5e) are formed at a predetermined interval. The grooves (5a-5e) are arranged so as to surround the specular surface (4) and filled with the conductive members. The conductive members embedded in the grooves (5a-5e) are connected electrically to one of a pair of common electrodes (7a and 7b) that is disposed to cross the grooves (5a-5e) and are formed to be electrodes having different polarities in alternating manner in the direction from the inner side to the outer side of the grooves (5a-5e).

Abstract: In a variable-shape mirror (1) of which the shape of the mirror surface can be varied, four piezoelectric elements (4) are sandwiched between a support base (2) and a mirror portion (3), and are arranged symmetrically in cross-shaped directions. The piezoelectric elements (4) are bonded to the mirror portion (3), and serve both to vary the shape of the mirror portion (3) by being driven and to fix the mirror portion (3) to the support base (2). Support portions (5) are arranged one inside each of the piezoelectric elements (4). With this structure, a small movement that the piezoelectric elements (4) produce when driven can be converted into a large movement of the mirror portion (3).

Abstract: The variable shape mirror (1) includes a substrate (2) and a bulk piezoelectric body (3). On the piezoelectric body (3), a specular surface (4) is formed, and further a plurality of grooves (5a-5e) are formed at a predetermined interval. The grooves (5a-5e) are arranged so as to surround the specular surface (4) and filled with the conductive members. The conductive members embedded in the grooves (5a-5e) are connected electrically to one of a pair of common electrodes (7a and 7b) that is disposed to cross the grooves (5a-5e) and are formed to be electrodes having different polarities in alternating manner in the direction from the inner side to the outer side of the grooves (5a-5e).

Abstract: A variable-shape mirror has a support substrate, a mirror portion that faces the support substrate and that has a mirror surface on the side thereof opposite to the side thereof facing the support substrate, a plurality of fixing portions that fix the mirror portion to the support substrate, and a plurality of driving portions that deform the mirror surface by expanding and contracting between the support substrate and the mirror portion. On the support substrate, elevations are formed to serve as bonding surfaces bonded to the fixing portions, as electrodes bonded to the driving portions to feed voltages thereto, and as conductors electrically connected to the electrodes.

Abstract: An optical pickup device has a variable-shape mirror that reflects a light beam emitted from a light source and that, by use of piezoelectric elements sandwiched between a support substrate and a mirror portion arranged to face the support substrate, corrects for wavefront aberrations in the light beam by deforming a mirror surface of the mirror portion, and converging means for directing, while condensing, the light beam reflected from the variable-shape mirror to a recording surface of an optical recording medium. Let a direction perpendicular to the travel direction of the light beam emitted from the light source be the X direction on the mirror surface and let the direction perpendicular to the X direction be the Y direction on the mirror surface, the mirror surface is inclined about the X direction such that the mirror surface forms a predetermined angle relative to the travel direction of the light bean emitted from the light source.

Abstract: In a variable-shape mirror provided with a support base, a mirror portion that is disposed to face the support base and that has, on a side thereof facing away from the support base, a mirror surface which is irradiated with a light beam, and piezoelectric elements that are sandwiched between the support base and the mirror portion and that vary the shape of the mirror surface, the piezoelectric elements are bonded, by means of a thin layer of metal, to at least one of the support base and the mirror portion by the application of heat and pressure.

Abstract: A variable-shape mirror is provided with: a support base; a mirror portion that is disposed to face the support base and that has, on a side thereof facing away from the support base, a mirror surface which is irradiated with a light beam; fixed portions that fix the mirror portion to the support base; and piezoelectric elements that are sandwiched between the support base and the mirror portion and that vary a shape of the mirror surface. Here, the piezoelectric elements are arranged closer to a center of the mirror portion than the fixed portions are.

Abstract: In a variable-shape mirror (1) of which the shape of the mirror surface can be varied, four piezoelectric elements (4) are sandwiched between a support base (2) and a mirror portion (3), and are arranged symmetrically in cross-shaped directions. The piezoelectric elements (4) are bonded to the mirror portion (3), and serve both to vary the shape of the mirror portion (3) by being driven and to fix the mirror portion (3) to the support base (2). Support portions (5) are arranged one inside each of the piezoelectric elements (4). With this structure, a small movement that the piezoelectric elements (4) produce when driven can be converted into a large movement of the mirror portion (3).

Abstract: The technical problem of this invention is to eliminate the need to use deformable panel walls and to find the body of a shape that no false deformation, such as dented deformation, takes place in a portion of the body due to the hot filling of the contents or the reduced pressure created by the treatment of retort-packed foods. The object of this invention is to obtain a bottle that can inhibit the deformation caused by reduced pressure, has a high buckling strength, and is good in outer appearance. As the solution, there is provided a biaxially drawn, blow-molded bottle made of a synthetic resin, in which the surface rigidity of the wall of body is set in such a manner that a part of the body wall cannot become dented inward under a reduced inner pressure of at least 350 mmHg (46.7 kPa).

Abstract: The technical problem of this invention is to eliminate the need to use deformable panel walls and to find the body of a shape that no false deformation, such as dented deformation, takes place in a portion of the body due to the hot filling of the contents or the reduced pressure created by the treatment of retort-packed foods. The object of this invention is to obtain a bottle that can inhibit the deformation caused by reduced pressure, has a high buckling strength, and is good in outer appearance. As the solution, there is provided a biaxially drawn, blow-molded bottle made of a synthetic resin, in which the surface rigidity of the wall of body is set in such a manner that a part of the body wall cannot become dented inward under a reduced inner pressure of at least 350 mmHg (46.7 kPa).

Abstract: A biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate resin bottle-shaped container, and method of blow-molding the same, is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of heating the body portion of a preform at 90.degree. to 130.degree. C., biaxial-orientation blow-molding the preform in a primary blowing mold heated at 110 to 230.degree. C. to form a primary intermediate molded bottle-shaped piece, heating the primary intermediate molded bottle-shaped piece at 130 to 255.degree. C. or at a temperature which is at least 20.degree. C. greater than the primary blowing mold temperature to form a secondary intermediate molded bottle-shaped piece, and blow-molding the secondary intermediate molded bottle-shaped piece in a secondary blowing mold heated at 100.degree. to 150.degree. C. to form a bottle-shaped container. The temperature of the secondary blowing mold is several degrees greater than the maximum temperature the molded bottle-shaped container will be subjected to during use.

Abstract: A biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate resin bottle-shaped container, and method of blow-molding the same, is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of heating the body portion of a preform at 90.degree. to 130.degree. C., biaxial-orientation blow-molding the preform in a primary blowing mold heated at 110.degree. to 230.degree. C. to form a primary intermediate molded bottle-shaped piece, heating the primary intermediate molded bottle-shaped piece at 130.degree. to 255.degree. C. or at a temperature which is at least 20.degree. C. greater than the primary blowing mold temperature to form a secondary intermediate molded bottle-shaped piece, and blow-molding the secondary intermediate molded bottle-shaped piece in a secondary blowing mold heated at 100.degree. to 150.degree. C. to form a bottle-shaped container. The temperature of the secondary blowing mold is several degrees greater than the maximum temperature the molded bottle-shaped container will be subjected to during use.

Abstract: A biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate resin bottle-shaped container, and method of blow-molding the same, is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of heating the body portion of a preform at 90.degree. C. to 130.degree. C., biaxial-orientation blow-molding the preform in a primary blowing mold heated at 110.degree. C. to 230.degree. C. to form a primary intermediate molded bottle-shaped piece, heating the primary intermediate molded bottle-shaped piece at 130.degree. C. to 255.degree. C. or at a temperature which is at least 20.degree. C. greater than the primary blowing mold temperature to form a secondary intermediate molded bottle-shaped piece, and blow-molding the secondary intermediate molded bottle-shaped piece in a secondary blowing mold heated at 100.degree. C. to 150.degree. C. to form a bottle-shaped container. The temperature of the secondary blowing mold is several degrees greater than the maximum temperature the molded bottle-shaped container will be subjected to during use.